Abu Sayyaf: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox War Faction
|name = Abu Sayyaf
|image = Islamic State flag.svg
|war = [[Konflik Moro]], [[Serangan lintas perbatasan di Sabah]] dan <br> [[Perang melawan Teror|Perang global melawan teror]]
|caption = [[Ar-Rayah dan Al-Liwa|Bendera Hitam]] ISIS, yang diadopsi oleh Abu Sayyaf
|active = 1991<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1927124,00.html|title=A Brief History of Abu Sayyaf|journal=Time|author=Christopher Shay|date=1 October 2009|accessdate=4 September 2016}}</ref>–2024
|ideology = [[Islamisme]]<br>[[Fundamentalisme Islam]]
|leaders=
[[Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani]]{{KIA}}<ref>Terbunuh, 8 December 1998</ref><br /> [[Khadaffy Janjalani]]{{KIA}}<ref>Terbunuh, 4 September 2006</ref><br /> [[Radullan Sahiron]]<ref>[http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=sahiron&language=English rewardsforjustice.net] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225160500/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=sahiron&language=English |date=25 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/raddulan-sahiron/view|title=FBI — RADDULAN SAHIRON|work=FBI|accessdate=13 November 2014}}</ref><br /> [[Isnilon Hapilon|Isnilon Totoni Hapilon]]{{KIA}}<ref>Terbunuh, 16 October 2017</ref><ref name="Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath of loyalty to ISIL">{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/65199-abu-sayyaf-leader-oath-isis|title=Senior Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath to ISIS|work=Rappler|accessdate=18 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="the War on ISIS">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3723588/the-war-on-isis/|title=What Comes After the War on ISIS|author=David Von Drehle|work=TIME.com|accessdate=18 July 2015|date=26 February 2015}}</ref><br />Mahmur Japuri{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/114276/abu-sayyaf-sub-leader-killed-in-sulu-encounter|title=Abu Sayyaf sub-leader killed in Sulu encounter|work=InterAksyon.com|accessdate=18 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717134424/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/114276/abu-sayyaf-sub-leader-killed-in-sulu-encounter|archive-date=17 July 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|headquarters = [[Jolo, Sulu|Jolo]], [[Sulu]], Filipina<ref name="Abu Sayyaf stronghold">{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20090508-jolo-stronghold-islamist-group-abu-sayyaf-|title=Jolo, stronghold of Islamist group Abu Sayyaf|publisher=France24|date=8 May 2009|accessdate=28 January 2019}}</ref>
|area = [[Filipina]], [[Malaysia]]
|partof = {{flag|Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|size=23px}}
|strength = ≤150 anggota <small>(Agustus 2018)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/28/government-troops-still-chasing-150-abu-sayyaf-terrorists-lorenzana/ | title=Government troops still chasing 150 Abu Sayyaf terrorists — Lorenzana | access-date=2019-02-05 | archive-date=2019-01-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109020600/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/28/government-troops-still-chasing-150-abu-sayyaf-terrorists-lorenzana/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|allies =
* {{flagicon image|Islamic State flag.svg}} [[Kelompok Maute]]
* [[14K Triad]]<ref name="Miani 2011">{{cite book|author=Lino Miani|title=The Sulu Arms Market: National Responses to a Regional Problem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWpYd_qYhc8C&pg=PA74|year=2011|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian|isbn=978-981-4311-11-3|pages=74–}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[al-Qaeda]] (dahulu)
|opponents = {{flagicon|Filipina}} [[Pemerintah Filipina]]<ref name="PH terror group designation">{{cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/News/126636.html|title=Abu Sayyaf declared as terrorist organization in Philippines|publisher=Iran Daily|date=10 September 2015|accessdate=20 November 2015}}</ref> {{collapsible list | bullets = yes | title = Pasukan lainnya: | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Pemerintah Australia]]<ref name="AU terror group designation">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/AbuSayyafGroup.aspx|title=Australian National Security, Terrorist organisations, Abu Sayyaf Group|publisher=Australian Government|date=12 July 2013|accessdate=30 November 2015|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224194939/https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/AbuSayyafGroup.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Kanada}} [[Pemerintah Kanada]]<ref name="cpto">{{cite web|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx|title=Currently listed entities|publisher=Public Safety Canada|accessdate=31 March 2016|date=2015-12-16}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Pemerintah Indonesia]]<ref name="kill Abu Sayyaf">{{cite web|url=http://m.nasional.rimanews.com/keamanan/read/20160329/270652/Indonesia-Tak-Boleh-Tunduk-Terhadap-Terorisme-Abus-Sayyaf-|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160425095842/http://m.nasional.rimanews.com/keamanan/read/20160329/270652/Indonesia-Tak-Boleh-Tunduk-Terhadap-Terorisme-Abus-Sayyaf-|dead-url=yes|archive-date=25 April 2016|title=Indonesia Tak Boleh Tunduk Terhadap Terorisme Abus Sayyaf!|author=Febrianto|language=Indonesian|publisher=Rima News|date=29 March 2016|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Jepang}} [[Pemerintah Jepang]]<ref name=PSIA>{{cite web|url=http://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/ES_E-asia_oce/ASG.html|title=Abu Sayyaf Group|publisher=Public Safety Intelligence Agency|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Pemerintah Malaysia]]<ref name="hunt down">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=104582|title=Hunt down the killers, CM tells Manila|publisher=[[Daily Express (Malaysia)|Daily Express]]|date=19 November 2015|accessdate=20 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403092239/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=104582|archivedate=3 April 2016 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} [[Pemerintah Britania Raya]]<ref name="Proscribed">{{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} [[Pemerintah Amerika Serikat]]<ref name="US terror group designation">{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/507386/news/nation/us-govt-lists-npa-abu-sayyaf-ji-among-foreign-terrorist-organizations-in-phl|title=US govt lists NPA, Abu Sayyaf, JI among foreign terrorist organizations in PHL|author=Joel Locsin|publisher=GMA News|date=20 June 2015|accessdate=20 November 2015}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Pemerintah Vietnam]]<ref name="attack on fishermen">{{cite web|url=http://dtinews.vn/en/news/017004/36946/filipino-pirates-attack-vietnamese-fishermen-near-banggi.html|title=Filipino pirates attack Vietnamese fishermen near Banggi|work=The Borneo Post|publisher=Dantri|date=16 October 2014|accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="AS involved">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/10/16/abu-sayyaf-suspected-of-shooting-fishing-boat/|title=Abu Sayyaf suspected of shooting fishing boat|author=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=16 October 2014|accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref> | {{flagicon image|MNLF flag.svg}} [[Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro]]<ref name="MNLF against Abus">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/philippines/mnlf-faction-helps-troops-in-hunt-for-abu-sayyaf-1.152911|title=MNLF faction helps troops in hunt for Abu Sayyaf|author=Gilbert Felongco|publisher=Gulf News|date=30 January 2007|accessdate=12 August 2016}}</ref> | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} [[Front Pembebasan Islam Moro]]<ref name="MILF against Abus">{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/139216/milf-helps-in-hunt-for-abu-sayyaf-calls-ridsdel-beheading-anti-islam|title=MILF helps in hunt for Abu Sayyaf, calls Ridsdel beheading anti-Islam|author=Jeoffrey Maitem|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=12 August 2016}}</ref> }}
|size=150 anggota<small>{{br}}(Agustus 2018)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/28/government-troops-still-chasing-150-abu-sayyaf-terrorists-lorenzana/ | title=Government troops still chasing 150 Abu Sayyaf terrorists — Lorenzana | access-date=2019-02-05 | archive-date=2019-01-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109020600/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/28/government-troops-still-chasing-150-abu-sayyaf-terrorists-lorenzana/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref>}}
[[Berkas:Khadafi Abubakar Janjalani.jpg|jmpl|150 px|[[Khadaffi Janjalani]], pemimpin Abu Sayyaf.]] {{taknetral}}
'''Abu Sayyaf''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Abu Sayyaf from Philippines pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|ˈ|ɑː|b|uː|_|s|ɑː|ˈ|j|ɑː|f}}; {{lang-ar|جماعة أبو سياف}}; ''{{transl|sem|Jamāʿat Abū Sayyāf}}'', '''ASG'''; {{lang-fil|Grupong Abu Sayyaf}}),<ref>{{cite web|last=Rommel Banlaoi|title=Al Harakatul Al Islamiyah: Essays on the Abdu Sayyaf Group|url=http://pipvtr.com/pipvtr/files/Book_AHAI_Essays_on_ASG_Book_Banlaoi_2008.pdf|access-date=2019-02-05|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082504/http://pipvtr.com/pipvtr/files/Book_AHAI_Essays_on_ASG_Book_Banlaoi_2008.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> secara tidak resmi dikenal sebagai '''Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah – Provinsi Filipina''', juga dikenal sebagai '''Al Harakat Al Islamiyya''', adalah sebuah kelompok [[teroris]] [[separatisme|separatis]] yang terdiri dari milisi yang berbasis di sekitar kepulauan selatan [[Filipina]], antara lain [[Jolo]], [[Basilan]], dan [[Mindanao]].
[[Khadaffi Janjalani]] dinamakan sebagai pemimpin kelompok ini oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina.
Dilaporkan bahwa akhir-akhir ini{{kapan}} mereka sedang memperluaskan
Abu Sayyaf adalah salah satu kelompok separatis terkecil dan kemungkinan paling berbahaya{{cn}} di Mindanao. Beberapa anggotanya pernah belajar atau bekerja di [[Arab Saudi]] dan mengembangkan hubungan dengan [[mujahidin]] ketika bertempur dan berlatih di [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]].▼
== Pendukung dan pendanaan ==
Rekrutan pertama [[Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani]] adalah tentara MNLF dan [[Front Pembebasan Islam Moro]] (MILF). Namun, baik MNLF dan MILF menyangkal hubungan dengan Abu Sayyaf. Keduanya secara resmi menjauhkan diri karena serangannya terhadap [[warga sipil]] dan dugaan pencatutannya.
[[Militer]] [[Filipina]] telah mengklaim bahwa elemen dari kedua kelompok memberikan dukungan kepada Abu Sayyaf. Kelompok ini pada awalnya tidak dianggap menerima dana dari sumber luar, tetapi laporan intelijen dari [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Indonesia]] dan [[Australia]] menemukan hubungan yang terputus-putus dengan kelompok teroris Jemaah Islamiyah Indonesia,dan pemerintah Filipina menganggap Abu Sayyaf sebagai bagian dari [[Jemaah Islamiyah|Jemaah islamiyah]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/08/30/philippines.suspect/index.html?iref=newssearch|title=Ferry bomb terror suspect held in Manila - CNN.com|website=edition.cnn.com|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> Pemerintah mencatat bahwa dana awal untuk ASG berasal dari [[al-Qaeda]] melalui saudara [[Osama bin Laden]], dan [[Mohammed Jamal Khalifa]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501040830-686107,00.html|title=Hubungan osama bin laden dengan abu sayyaf|last=|first=|date=|website=Asia time magazines|access-date=7 januari 2020|archive-date=2006-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819193305/http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501040830-686107,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Air raids hit Philippines rebels|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4027721.stm|date=2004-11-20|access-date=2020-01-07|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Teroris yang berafiliasi dengan Al-Qaeda, [[Ramzi Yousef]] beroperasi di [[Filipina]] pada pertengahan [[1990-an]] dan melatih tentara Abu Sayyaf. Edisi 2002 Pola Terorisme Global Departemen Amerika Serikat menyebutkan tautan ke Al-Qaeda. Hubungan yang berlanjut dengan kelompok-kelompok Islam di [[Timur Tengah]] menunjukkan bahwa al-Qaeda mungkin akan terus memberikan dukungan. Pada pertengahan [[2005]], personel Jemaah Islamiyah dilaporkan telah melatih sekitar 60 kader Abu Sayyaf dalam merakit dan meledakkan [[bom]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Fc3rC5zWOHQC&pg=PA16&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Terrorism in Southeast Asia|last=Vaughn|first=Bruce|date=2010-11|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4379-2568-5|language=en}}</ref>
=== Pendanaan ===
Kelompok ini memperoleh sebagian besar pembiayaannya melalui tebusan penculikan dan pemerasan. Satu laporan memperkirakan pendapatannya dari pembayaran tebusan pada tahun 2000 adalah antara $ 10 dan $ 25 juta. Menurut [[Departemen Luar Negeri]], mungkin menerima dana dari dermawan Islam radikal di [[Timur Tengah]] dan [[Asia Selata]]n. Dilaporkan bahwa [[Libya]] memfasilitasi pembayaran uang tebusan kepada Abu Sayyaf. Juga disarankan agar uang Libya bisa disalurkan ke Abu Sayyaf.
Modus yang digunakan dalam melakukan penculikan dan pemerasan adalah dengan memanfaatkan jalur perdagangan yang melintasi Laut Sulu. Maraknya kejahatan tersebut membuat pemerintah Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filipina kemudian membentuk Trilateral Cooperative Agreement sebagai upaya pemberantasan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wiswayana|first=Wishnu Mahendra|date=1 Juli 2023|title=Kerja Sama Trilateral Indonesia-Malaysia-Filipina di Perairan Sulu sebagai Alternatif Kerja Sama Keamanan Kawasan Maritim|url=https://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/kamnas/article/view/1014/740|journal=Jurnal Keamanan Nasional|volume=IX|issue=1|pages=181-202}}</ref>
Badan intelijen Rusia yang terhubung dengan pesawat [[Victor Bout]] dilaporkan memberi Abu Sayyaf senjata. Pada tahun [[2014]] dan sejak itu, penculikan untuk tebusan telah menjadi cara utama pendanaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/terror-grows-in-southern-philippines-from-militants-linked-to-islamic-state-1479465005|title=Terror Grows in Southern Philippines From Militants Linked to Islamic State|last=Hookway|first=James|website=WSJ|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref>
▲Abu Sayyaf adalah salah satu kelompok separatis terkecil dan kemungkinan paling berbahaya di Mindanao. Beberapa anggotanya pernah belajar atau bekerja di [[Arab Saudi]] dan mengembangkan hubungan dengan [[mujahidin]] ketika bertempur dan berlatih di [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]].
== Kriminal dan terorisme ==
Abu Sayyaf telah melakukan banyak [[pemboman]], [[penculikan]], [[pembunuhan]], dan kegiatan [[pemerasan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Banlaoi|first=Rommel C.|date=2006|title=The Abu Sayyaf Group: From Mere Banditry to Genuine Terrorism|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/399610/summary|journal=Southeast Asian Affairs|language=en|volume=2006|issue=1|pages=247–262|issn=1793-9135}}</ref> Ini termasuk penculikan di pulau [[Sipadan]] pada tahun [[2000]], penculikan [[Dos Palmas]] tahun [[2001]] dan pemboman 14 SuperFerry [[2004]].
==
* [[Front Pembebasan Islam Moro]]▼
{{Commonscat}}
==
<references />
▲*[[Front Pembebasan Islam Moro]]
== Pranala luar ==
[[kategori:Kelompok separatis]]▼
{{Commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060607015241/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terjanjalani.htm Most Wanted Terrorists], [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], US Department of Justice
[[kategori:Filipina]]▼
* [http://www.cfr.org/publication/9235/ Council on Foreign Relations: Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220084125/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9235/ |date=2008-02-20 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608112409/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/index.cfm?page=Philippines Reward For Information] (on five ASG members), [[Rewards for Justice Program]], US Department of State
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060518105521/http://www.mindanews.com/2003/01/2nd/vws06torres.html Looking for al-Qaeda in the Philippines]
* [http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB625.pdf#search=%22abu%20sayyaf%22 Balik-Terrorism: The Return of Abu Sayyaf (PDF)], [[Strategic Studies Institute]], [[US Army War College]]
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