Pengguguran kandungan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k Turmadan memindahkan halaman Gugur kandungan ke Pengguguran kandungan dengan menimpa pengalihan lama |
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<!-- Terminology -->
'''Pengguguran kandungan''' atau '''aborsi''' ({{lang-la|'''abortus'''}}) adalah berakhirnya [[kehamilan]] dengan dikeluarkannya [[janin]] (fetus) atau [[embrio]] sebelum memiliki kemampuan untuk [[viabilitas janin|bertahan hidup di luar rahim]], sehingga mengakibatkan kematiannya.<ref name="definition" group="note" /> Aborsi yang terjadi secara spontan disebut juga "[[keguguran]]". Aborsi yang dilakukan secara sengaja sering kali disebut "aborsi induksi" atau "abortus provokatus". Kata ''aborsi'' umumnya hanya digunakan dalam pengertian abortus provokatus. Prosedur serupa yang dilakukan setelah janin berpotensi untuk bertahan hidup di luar rahim juga dikenal dengan sebutan "[[aborsi tahap akhir]]".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grimes|first1=DA |last2=Stuart |first2=G |title=Abortion jabberwocky: the need for better terminology |journal=Contraception |year=2010 |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=93–6 |pmid=20103443 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.005|issn = 0010-7824 }}</ref>
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* Hukum yang memperbolehkan abortus demi keselamatan kehidupan penderita (ibu), seperti di Prancis dan Pakistan.
* Hukum yang memperbolehkan abortus atas indikasi medik, seperti di Kanada, Muangthai dan Swiss.
* Hukum yang memperbolehkan abortus atas indikasi sosio-medik, seperti di Eslandia, Swedia, Inggris,
* Hukum yang memperbolehkan abortus atas indikasi sosial, seperti di Jepang, Polandia, dan Yugoslavia.
* Hukum yang memperbolehkan abortus atas permintaan tanpa memperhatikan indikasi-indikasi lainnya (Abortion on requst atau Abortion on demand), seperti di Bulgaris, Hungaria, USSR, Singapura.
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;Major OB/GYN textbooks
* The [[National Center for Health Statistics]] defines an "abortus" as "[a] fetus or embryo removed or expelled from the uterus during the first half of gestation—20 weeks or less, or in the absence of accurate dating criteria, born weighing < 500 g." They also define "birth" as "[t]he complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a fetus after 20 weeks' gestation. ... in the absence of accurate dating criteria, fetuses weighing <500 g are usually not considered as births, but rather are termed abortuses for purposes of vital statistics." {{cite book|editor1-last=Cunningham|editor1-first=FG|editor2-last=Leveno|editor2-first=KJ|editor3-last=Bloom|editor3-first=SL|editor4-last=Hauth|editor4-first=JC|editor5-last=Rouse|editor5-first=DJ|editor6-last=Spong |editor6-first=CY|displayeditors=3|chapter=1. Overview of Obstetrics|title=Williams Obstetrics|edition=23|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Medical]]|year=2010|isbn=978-0-07-149701-5}}
* "[T]he standard medical definition of abortion [is] termination of a pregnancy when the fetus is not viable". {{cite book|editor1-last=Gabbe|editor1-first=Steven G.|editor1-link=Steven Gabbe|editor2-last=Niebyl|editor2-first=Jennifer R.|editor3-last=Simpson|editor3-first=Joe Leigh|year=2007|title=Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies|url=https://archive.org/details/obstetricsnormal0000unse_z6w5|edition=5|publisher=[[Churchill Livingstone]]|chapter=51. Legal and Ethical Issues in Obstetric Practice|isbn=978-0-443-06930-7|last1=Annas|first1=George J.|authorlink1=George Annas|last2=Elias|first2=Sherman}}
* "Termination of a pregnancy, whether spontaneous or induced." {{cite book|first1=Melissa J.|last1=Kottke|first2=Mimi|last2=Zieman|chapter=33. Management of Abortion|editor1-first=John A.|editor1-last=Rock|editor2-first=Howard W.|editor2-last=Jones III|year=2008|edition=10|publisher=[[Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]]|isbn=978-0-7817-7234-1|title=TeLinde's Operative Gynecology}}
;Other OB/GYN textbooks
* "Termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks' gestation calculated from date of onset of last [[menses]]. An alternative definition is delivery of a fetus with a weight of less than 500 g. If abortion occurs before 12 weeks' gestation, it is called early; from 12 to 20 weeks it is called late." {{cite book|last=Katz|first=Vern L.|publisher=[[Mosby (publisher)|Mosby]]|year=2007|edition=5|title=Katz: Comprehensive Gynecology|editor1-last=Katz|editor1-first=Vern L.|editor2-last=Lentz|editor2-first=Gretchen M.|editor3-last=Lobo|editor3-first=Rogerio A.|editor4-last=Gershenson|editor4-first=David M.|displayeditors=3|chapter=16. Spontaneous and Recurrent Abortion – Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment|isbn=978-0-323-02951-3}}
* "Abortion is the spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before fetal viability. Because popular use of the word abortion implies a deliberate pregnancy termination, some prefer the word miscarriage to refer to spontaneous fetal loss before viability ... The National Center for Health Statistics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO) define abortion as pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks' gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500 g. Despite this, definitions vary widely according to state laws." {{cite book|editor1-last=Schorge|editor1-first=John O.|editor2-first=Joseph I.|editor2-last=Schaffer|editor3-first=Lisa M.|editor3-last=Halvorson|editor4-first=Barbara L.|editor4-last=Hoffman|editor5-first=Karen D.|editor5-last=Bradshaw|editor6-first=F. Gary|editor6-last=Cunningham|year=2008|title=Williams Gynecology|url=https://archive.org/details/williamsgynecolo0000unse_u2n9|edition=1|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|isbn=978-0-07-147257-9|chapter=6. First-Trimester Abortion}}
;Major [[medical dictionaries]]
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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Aborsi dan kesehatan mental]]
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 637 ⟶ 640:
{{Kehamilan}}
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