George Orwell: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(10 revisi perantara oleh 8 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
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|deathplace = [[London]], [[Inggris]]
|occupation = [[Penulis]]; [[pengarang]], [[jurnalisme|jurnalis]]
|genre =
|movement =
|magnum_opus = ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'', ''[[Animal Farm]]''
|influences = [[W. Somerset Maugham]], [[Trotsky]], [[Charles Dickens]], [[H.G. Wells]], [[Jack London]], [[Aldous Huxley]], [[Henry Fielding]], [[Zola]], [[Gustave Flaubert]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Tom Wintringham]], [[Yevgeny Zamyatin]], [[James Joyce]], [[Upton Sinclair]]
|influenced = [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Kurt Vonnegut]], [[Christopher Hitchens]], [[Margaret Atwood]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Ignazio Silone]]
|signature =
|footnotes =
}}
 
'''George Orwell''' (nama asli: '''Eric Arthur Blair'''; Motihari, {{lahirmati|[[Bengal]], [[India]]|25|6|1903|[[Sutton Courtenay]], [[Oxfordshire]], Inggris|21|1|1950}}) adalah [[sastrawan]] [[Inggris]] yang terkenal dengan karyanya ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four (buku)|Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' dan ''[[Animal Farm]]''. Karya Orwell menjadi terkenal berkat tema-tema yang kritis, terutama terhadap totalitarianisme, pengawasan negara dan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan.
 
Karya-karya George Orwell meliputi novel, puisi, esai dan sejumlah karya jurnalistik. Karya nonfiksinya, banyak diambil dari pengalaman pribadinya, termasuk [[The Road to Wigan Pier]] (1937) yang mendokumentasikan pengalamannya dalam kehidupan kelas pekerja di wilayah industri Inggris Utara. Sementara pada [[Homage to Catalonia]] (1938) Orwell menceritakan pengalamannya berangkat ke Perang Saudara Spanyol sebagai wartawan, namun justru bergabung dengan Partai Persatuan Buruh Marxis (POUM).
 
Karya Orwell berpengaruh besar pada budaya populer dan politik, bahkan kata "Orwellian" banyak digunakan untuk menggambarkan situsasi, kondisi dan kebijakan yang mencerminkan totalitarianisme dan otoritarianisme. [[Neologisme]] Orwell yang menjadi bagian dari Bahasa Inggris antara lain "Big Brother", "Thought Police", "Room 101", "Newspeak", "Memory Hole", "Doublethink", dan "Thoughtcrime".
 
== Biografi ==
Baris 33 ⟶ 37:
Pengalaman sebagai polisi Burma melahirkan novel [[Burmese Days (novel)|Burmese Days]] ([[1934]]) dan [[esai]] "A Hanging" ([[1931]]) dan "[[Shooting an Elephant (esai)|Shooting an Elephant]]" ([[1936]]). Di Inggris, dia menulis pada kenalan keluargaya, [[Ruth Pitter]], kemudian lewat Ruth dan seorang temannya Blair berhasil mendapat kamar tinggal di [[Portobello Road]] (sekarang sebuah [[plakat]] biru menyatakan Blair pernah tinggal di sana), di mana dia mulai menulis.<!-- BELUM DITERJEMAHKAN: From there, he sallied to the Limehouse Causeway (following Jack London's footsteps) spending his first night in a common lodging house, probably George Levy's 'kip'. For a while he "went native" (in his own country), dressing like a tramp, making no concessions to middle class mores and expectations, and recorded his experiences of the low life in "The Spike", his first published essay, and the latter half of his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933). -->
 
=== Jatuh bangun di ''Paris'' dan ''London'' ===
Dia pindah ke [[Paris]] pada [[musim semi]] [[1928]], di mana bibinya, Nellie tinggal, berharap untuk mendapatkan penghidupan sebagai [[penulis lepas]]; kegagalan menyebabkannya untuk menjalani pekerjaan rendahan seperti pencuci piring di Hotel X, di ''[[rue de Rivoli]]'' pada [[1929]]. Semuanya diceritakan dalam "[[Down and Out in Paris and London (novel)|Down and Out in Paris and London]]". Catatan mengenainya tidak mengatakan apakah Ia telah memiliki ide mengenai buku tersebut sebagai terminus dari pengalaman-pengalaman hidup rendahan tersebut atau tidak.
 
Baris 64 ⟶ 68:
== Bibliografi ==
 
* ''[[:en:Down and Out in Paris and London|Down and Out in Paris and London]]'' (1933) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Down_and_Out_in_Paris_and_London/english/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108170637/https://www.orwell.ru/library/novels/Down_and_Out_in_Paris_and_London/english/ |date=2023-01-08 }}
* ''[[:en:Burmese Days|Burmese Days]]'' (1934) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Burmese_Days/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231758/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/Burmese_Days/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
* ''[[:en:A Clergyman's Daughter|A Clergyman's Daughter]]'' (1935) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/A_Clergymans_Daughter/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231758/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/A_Clergymans_Daughter/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
* ''[[:en:Keep the Aspidistra Flying|Keep the Aspidistra Flying]]'' (1936) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Keep_the_Aspidistra_Flying/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231758/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/Keep_the_Aspidistra_Flying/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
* ''[[:en:The Road to Wigan Pier|The Road to Wigan Pier]]'' (1937) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231800/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
* ''[[:en:Homage to Catalonia|Homage to Catalonia]]'' (1938) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Homage_to_Catalonia/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231802/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/Homage_to_Catalonia/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
* ''[[:en:Coming Up for Air|Coming Up for Air]]'' (1939) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Coming_up_for_Air/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231757/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/Coming_up_for_Air/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
* ''[[Animal Farm]]'' (1945) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609062227/https://www.orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/ |date=2023-06-09 }}
* ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four (buku)|Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' (1949) — [http://orwell.ru/library/novels/1984/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307231808/https://orwell.ru/library/novels/1984/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
 
== Catatan ==
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* {{en}} [http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/ The George Orwell Web Source] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916123514/http://www.netcharles.com/Orwell/ |date=2007-09-16 }}
* {{en}} [http://linguafranca.mirror.theinfo.org/9912/writing.html Is Bad Writing Necessary?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723174642/http://linguafranca.mirror.theinfo.org/9912/writing.html |date=2023-07-23 }} Esai yang membandingkan kehidupan dan gaya tulis [[Theodor Adorno]] dan George Orwell.
* {{en}} [http://gfdl.marxists.org.uk/archive/sedgwick/1969/xx/orwell.htm George Orwell: International Socialist?]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} oleh [[Peter Sedgwick]].