Notasi Whyte: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k replaced: hidraulik → hidraulis |
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Baris 1:
[[Berkas:Locotypes.gif|jmpl|Beberapa jenis lokomotif uap abad ke-20 menurut notasi Whyte serta dimensinya.]]
[[Berkas:Locomotive_classification--Colvin_1906--300dpi.jpg|jmpl|Notasi Whyte seperti terlampir pada buku pedoman bagi para kru KA pada tahun 1906<ref name="railroad pocket-book">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HhUx85xep4cC&pg=SL12-PA9#v=onepage&q=|title=The railroad pocket-book: a quick reference cyclopedia of railroad information|last=Colvin|first=Fred H.|publisher=New York, Derry-Collard; London, Locomotive Publishing Company (US-UK co-edition)|year=1906|page=L‑9 <!-- Not a range -->|authorlink=Fred H. Colvin}}</ref>]]
'''Notasi Whyte '''adalah sistem klasifikasi [[lokomotif uap]], [[Lokomotif pembakaran dalam|beberapa pembakaran dalam]], dan [[Lokomotif listrik|listrik]] menurut susunan roda yang diciptakan oleh Frederick Methvan Whyte, dan mulai digunakan pada awal abad kedua puluh menyusul terbitnya editorial edisi Desember 1900 pada jurnal perkeretaapian ''American Engineer and Railroad Journal''. Notasi Whyte menghitung jumlah roda
Dalam notasi Whyte, lokomotif dengan dua gandar
==
===
Bentuk dasar dari notasi ini adalah angka-angka yang menunjukkan jumlah [[Roda depan|roda muka]], [[roda penggerak]], dan [[roda belakang]], yang dipisah menggunakan tanda hubung.<ref>{{cite web|author=Thompson, Keith|date=2006-05-01|title=Builder's plates: A locomotive's birth certificate|url=http://www.trains.com/trn/default.aspx?c=a&id=201|publisher=[[Kalmbach Publishing]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122011919/http://www.trains.com/trn/default.aspx?c=a&id=201|archive-date=22 November 2008|access-date=2008-02-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Contohnya, lokomotif dengan dua gandar depan (empat roda), tiga gandar penggerak (enam roda), dan satu gandar belakang (dua roda), disimbolkan dengan {{whyte|4-6-2}}, dan dijuluki ''Pacific''.
=== Lokomotif gandeng ===
[[Lokomotif gandeng]] seperti [[lokomotif Garratt]], yang terdiri atas dua unit terpisah yang digabung menggunakan [[Pendidih|ketel pendidih]] biasa, menggunakan simbol plus (+) di antara susunan roda masing-masing unitnya. Dengan demikian lokomotif uap "Double Pacific" disimbolkan dengan notasi "{{Whyte|4-6-2+2-6-4}}". Untuk lokomotif Garratt tanda + digunakan meskipun tidak ada roda tengah tanpa penggerak, misalnya LMS Garratt {{Whyte|2-6-0+0-6-2}}. Hal ini karena dua unit mesin lebih dari sekadar bogie berpenggerak. Keduanya merupakan satu kesatuan yang membawa bahan bakar dan tangki air. Tanda + merupakan jembatan antarketel uap yang menghubungkan dua mesin.
Lokomotif uap jenis Mallet memiliki sambungan rangka di bawah ketel uap tempat tidak ada roda tanpa penggerak di antara jajaran roda berpenggerak. Biasanya, rangka muka dapat berayun, sedangkan bagian belakang rangka bawah menyatu dengan ketel. Jadi, susunan gandar [[Union Pacific Big Boy]] adalah {{Whyte|4-8-8-4}}; empat roda muka, dua set roda yang terdiri dari delapan roda penggerak, dan empat roda belakang.
=== Lokomotif dupleks ===
Untuk [[lokomotif dupleks]], yang mempunyai dua set roda penggerak yang dipasang secara kaku pada rangka yang sama, metode yang digunakan sama seperti untuk [[Lokomotif Mallet|lokomotif gandeng Mallet]] – jumlah roda muka diisi terlebih dahulu, diikuti oleh set roda penggerak muka, diikuti oleh set roda penggerak belakang, diikuti oleh roda belakang, setiap nomor dipisahkan oleh tanda hubung.
===
Beberapa akhiran tertentu dapat digunakan untuk menandai jenis lok tertentu, seperti [[lokomotif tangki]]:<ref name="irs">{{irs-el|el=17}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Akhiran
!Arti
!Contoh
|-
|''Tanpa akhiran''
|[[Tender (lokomotif)|Lokomotif tender]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0}}
|-
|T
|[[Lokomotif tangki]]
|{{whyte|0-6-2|T}}
|-
|ST
|[[Lokomotif tangki pelana]]
|{{whyte|0-4-0|ST}}
|-
|WT
|[[Lokomotif tangki sumuran]]
|{{whyte|0-4-0|WT}}
|-
|PT
|[[Lokomotif tangki pikul]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0|PT}}
|-
|C or CT
|[[Lokomotif tangki derek]]
|{{whyte|0-6-2|CT}}
|-
|IST
|[[Lokomoif tangki pelana terbalik]]
|{{whyte|0-4-2|IST}}
|-
|T+T (atau ST+T, WT+T, dll.)
|[[Lokomotif tender-tangki]]
|{{whyte|0-4-0|T|T}}
|-
|BT
|[[Lokomotif tangki belakang]]
|{{Whyte|0-4-0|BT}}
|}
=== Lokomotif jenis lainnya ===
Beberapa lok jenis lain juga dinyatakan dengan simbol akhiran berikut:<ref name="irs" />
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |VB atau VBT
|[[Lokomotif ketel vertikal]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0|VB}}
|-
| colspan="2" |F
|[[Lokomotif tanpa api]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0|F}}
|-
| colspan="2" |CA
|[[Lokomotif udara tekan]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0|CA}}
|-
| colspan="2" |R
|[[Kereta rel]]
|{{whyte|0-4-4-0|R}}
|-
| colspan="2" |R atau RT
|[[Lokomotif rel gerigi]]
|{{whyte|0-4-0|RT}}
|}
=== Pembakaran dalam ===
Notasi ini dapat digunakan untuk [[lokomotif bensin]] maupun [[Lokomotif diesel|diesel]], dengan cara yang sama dengan lok uap, seperti 0-4-0, 0-6-0, 0-8-0. Apabila semua gandar lok disambung dengan batang penggerak atau rantai atau mempunyai penggerak sendiri-sendiri (alih-alih batang samping), digunakan notasi 4w (4 roda), 6w (6 roda), atau 8w (8 roda). Untuk lokomotif diesel besar, [[klasifikasi UIC]] lebih umum digunakan.
Akhiran
{| class="wikitable"
!Akhiran
!Arti
!Contoh
|-
|PM
|[[Lokomotif bensin-mekanik|Lokomotif bensin–mekanik]]
|{{whyte|4w|PM}}
|-
|PE
|[[Lokomotif bensin-elektrik|Lokomotif bensin–elektrik]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0|PE}}
|-
|D
|[[Lokomotif diesel]]
|{{whyte|6w|D}}
|-
|DM
|[[Lokomotif diesel mekanik|Lokomotif diesel–mekanik]]
|{{whyte|8w|DM}}
|-
|DE
|[[Lokomotif diesel elektrik|Lokomotif diesel–elektrik]]
|{{whyte|0-4-0|DE}}
|-
|DH
|[[Lokomotif diesel hidraulik|Lokomotif diesel–hidraulik]]
|{{whyte|0-6-0|DH}}
|}
=== Lokomotif listrik ===
Untuk [[lokomotif listrik]] sederhana, caranya sama dengan lokomotif pembakaran dalam. Misalnya:
{| class="wikitable"
!Akhiran
!Arti
!Contoh
|-
|BE
|[[Lokomotif baterai elektrik|Lokomotif baterai–elektrik]]
|{{whyte|4w|BE}}
|-
|OE
|[[Listrik aliran atas|Lokomotif listrik aliran atas]]
|{{whyte|0-8-0|OE}}
|-
|RE
|[[Rel ketiga|Lokomotif listrik rel ketiga]]
|{{whyte|4w|RE}}
|}
== Batasan ==
Baris 39 ⟶ 150:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
! Susunan<br>
(yang
! Notasi Whyte
! Nama
! Jumlah diproduksi
|-
|
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Lokomotif
|-
|-
Baris 66 ⟶ 178:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-2-0.svg|40x40px]]
| 4-2-0
| Jervis<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the American Locomotive - Its Development: 1830-1880|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica0000whit|last=White, John H., Jr.|publisher=Dover Publications|year=1968|isbn=0-486-23818-0|location=New York}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-2-2.svg|50x50px]]
Baris 115 ⟶ 227:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-4-4.svg|75x75px]]
| 4-4-4
| Reading, Jubilee (Canada)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/steamtown/shs3h.htm|title=Canadian Pacific Railway No. 2929|date=2002-02-14|website=Steamtown NHS Special History Study|publisher=United States National Park Service|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2007-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519064257/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/steamtown/shs3h.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
|-
Baris 161 ⟶ 273:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-6-2.svg|80x80px]]
| 4-6-2
| Pacific<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lner.info/locos/A/a.shtml|title=LNER 4-6-2 Pacific Locomotives|last=Marsden, Richard|year=2008|website=The London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) Encyclopedia|access-date=2008-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/pacific/|title=Pacifics|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125215157/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/pacific/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| 6.800<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.american-rails.com/4-6-2.html|title=The 4-6-2 Pacific Type|website=American-Rails.com|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-6-4.svg|85x85px]]
| 4-6-4
| Hudson,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/hudson/|title=Hudsons|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127121700/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/hudson/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Baltic<ref name="steam glossary">{{Cite web|url=http://www.railway-technical.com/st-glos.shtml|title=Steam Locomotive Glossary|date=2007-06-28|website=Railway Technical Web Pages|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128230325/http://www.railway-technical.com/st-glos.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
|-
Baris 175 ⟶ 287:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_0-8-2.svg|85x85px]]
| 0-8-2
| Kado <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.winwaed.com/rail/LNER/locos/R/r1.shtml|title=The Ivatt R1 0-8-2 Tank Locomotives|last=Marsden, Richard|year=2008|website=The London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) Encyclopedia|archive-url=
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_0-8-4.svg|90x90px]]
Baris 188 ⟶ 300:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-8-2.svg|95x95px]]
| 2-8-2
| Mikado, Mike, MacArthur<ref name="Kalmbach glossary M">{{Cite web|url=http://trains.com/trn/glossary/default.aspx?list=4&fl=m|title=Glossary Of Common Railroad Terms: M|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224095610/http://www.trains.com/trn/glossary/default.aspx?list=4|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/mikado/|title=The Mikado Type Locomotive|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2013-06-21|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HX8y5Ish?url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/mikado/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-8-4.svg|100x100px]]
| 2-8-4
| Berkshire, Kanawha<ref>{{Cite book|title=North American steam locomotives: The Berkshire and Texas types|last=Farrell, Jack W.|publisher=Pacific Fast Mail|year=1989|isbn=0-915713-15-2|location=Edmonds, WA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/berkshire/|title=Berkshires & Kanawhas|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126125639/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/berkshire/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-8-6.svg|105x105px]]
Baris 204 ⟶ 316:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-8-2.svg|105x105px]]
| 4-8-2
| Mountain,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/mountain/|title=Mountains|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130083158/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/mountain/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Mohawk<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taylor, Frank|date=January 1941|title=New York Central Dual-service Mohawk|journal=Model Railroader|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-8-4.svg|120x120px]]
| 4-8-4
| Northern, Niagara, Confederation, Dixie, Greenbrier, Pocono, Potomac, Golden State (Southern Pacific),<ref name="Northerns">{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/northern/|title=Northerns|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212235247/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/northern/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Western, Laurentian (Delaware & Hudson Railroad), General, Wyoming (Lehigh Valley<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/northern/lv.shtml |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-04-08 |archive-date=2010-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813015406/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/northern/lv.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref>), Governor, Big Apple, GS Series "Daylight" (Southern Pacific)
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-8-6.svg|120x120px]]
Baris 221 ⟶ 333:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_0-10-0.svg|100x100px]]
| 0-10-0
| Ten-Coupled,<ref name="0-10-0 profile">{{Cite journal|last=Carlson, Neil|date=2006-07-03|title=Steam locomotive profile: 0-10-0|url=http://www.trains.com/ctr/default.aspx?c=a&id=106|journal=Classic Trains|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2007-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095552/http://www.trains.com/ctr/default.aspx?c=a&id=106|dead-url=yes}}</ref> (jarang) Decapod, [[E10|Mak Itam]]
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_0-10-2.svg|105x105px]]
Baris 229 ⟶ 341:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-10-0.svg|105x105px]]
| 2-10-0
| Decapod,<ref name="Kalmbach glossary D">{{Cite web|url=http://trains.com/trn/glossary/default.aspx?list=4&fl=d|title=Glossary Of Common Railroad Terms: D|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2007-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101163059/http://www.trains.com/trn/glossary/default.aspx?list=4&fl=d|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Russian Decapod
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-10-2.svg|110x110px]]
Baris 237 ⟶ 349:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-10-4.svg|115x115px]]
| 2-10-4
| Texas, Colorado (CB&Q), Selkirk (Canada)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/texas/|title=The Texas Type Locomotive|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225063558/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/texas/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-10-0.svg|110x110px]]
Baris 271 ⟶ 383:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-14-4.svg|150x150px]]
| 4-14-4
| AA20<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/russ/russrefr.htm|title=Russian Reforms|date=2001-10-06|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2010-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018053044/http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/russ/russrefr.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
|-
Baris 331 ⟶ 443:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-6-6-6.svg|140x140px]]
| 2-6-6-6
| Allegheny,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/allegheny/|title=The Allegheny Type Locomotive|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127121645/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/allegheny/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Blue Ridge
| 68<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.american-rails.com/2-6-6-6.html|title=The 2-6-6-6 Allegheny Type|website=American-Rails.com|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
Baris 340 ⟶ 452:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-6-6-4.svg|140x140px]]
| 4-6-6-4
| Challenger<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/challenger/|title=The Challenger Type Locomotive|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2005-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201200632/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/challenger/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| 252<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.american-rails.com/4-6-6-4.html|title=The 4-6-6-4 Challenger|website=American-Rails.com|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
Baris 346 ⟶ 458:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-6-8-0.svg|135x135px]]
| 2-6-8-0
| (Southern Railway, Great Northern Railway)<ref name="2-8-8-2 profile">{{Cite journal|last=Carlson, Neil|date=2006-06-15|title=Steam locomotive profile: 2-8-8-2|url=http://trains.com/ctr/default.aspx?c=a&id=151|journal=Classic Trains|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116233532/http://www.trains.com/ctr/default.aspx?c=a&id=151|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
|-
Baris 363 ⟶ 475:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-8-8-4.svg|165x165px]]
| 2-8-8-4
| Yellowstone<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/yellowstone/|title=The Yellowstone Type Locomotive|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2003-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030203053537/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/yellowstone/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-8-8-2.svg|165x165px]]
Baris 371 ⟶ 483:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_4-8-8-4.svg|170x170px]]
| 4-8-8-4
| [[Union Pacific Big Boy|Big Boy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/bigboy/|title=Union Pacific Big Boys|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2009-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922043838/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/bigboy/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| 25<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2013/08/union-pacific-big-boys|title=Union Pacific Big Boy: The rebirth of a legend|date=23 August 2013|website=Trains|access-date=8 November 2016|archive-date=2015-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712003634/http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2013/08/union-pacific-big-boys|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
|-
Baris 386 ⟶ 498:
| [[Berkas:WheelArrangement_2-8-8-8-4.svg|225x225px]]
| 2-8-8-8-4
| Triplex (Virginian RR)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/articulated/virginianxa.shtml|title=Virginian Class XA Locomotives|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112002641/http://steamlocomotive.com/articulated/virginianxa.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
|-
Baris 462 ⟶ 574:
== Daftar pustaka ==
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/misc/wheels.shtml|title=American Steam Locomotive Wheel Arrangements|last=Boylan|first=Richard|last2=Barris|first2=Wes|date=1991-05-30|website=SteamLocomotive.com|access-date=2008-02-08|archive-date=2008-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126123957/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/misc/wheels.shtml|dead-url=yes}}
== Pranala luar ==
|