Qualcomm Snapdragon: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Snapdragon''' adalah serangkaian produk [[semikonduktor]] [[Sistem pada sebuah chip]] (SoC) untuk perangkat seluler yang dirancang dan dipasarkan oleh [[Qualcomm]] Technologies Inc. [[Central Processing Unit|CPU]] Snapdragon menggunakan [[arsitektur ARM]]. Satu unit SoC dapat berisi sejumlah [[inti CPU]], sebuah [[Graphics Processing Unit|GPU]] [[Adreno]], sebuah [[modem nirkabel]] [[Qualcomm Snapdragon LTE modem|Snapdragon]], sebuah [[digital signal processor|DSP]] [[Qualcomm Hexagon|Hexagon]], sebuah [[Prosesor citra|ISP]] [[Qualcomm Spectra]], serta sejumlah perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras lain untuk mendukung [[global positioning system|GPS]], kamera, video, audio, [[pengenalan gestur]], dan [[akselerator kecerdasan buatan|akselerasi kecerdasan buatan]] di sebuah ponsel cerdas. Sehingga, Qualcomm kerap menyebut Snapdragon sebagai sebuah "platform seluler" (seperti Snapdragon 865 5G Mobile Platform). Semikonduktor Snapdragon ditanam di perangkat yang menjalankan sejumlah sistem, seperti [[Android (sistem operasi)|Android]], [[Windows Phone]], dan [[netbook]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.qualcomm.com/snapdragon/devices/phone-finder | title=Snapdragon Phone Finder | publisher=Qualcomm | date=2015-12-08 | access-date=17 April 2018 | archive-date=2021-01-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111051204/https://www.qualcomm.com/snapdragon/devices/phone-finder | dead-url=no }}</ref> Snapdragon juga digunakan di mobil, perangkat dapdig/dapat digunakan (''wearable''), dan perangkat lain. Selain prosesor, jajaran produk Snapdragon meliputi modem, chip wi-fi, dan pengisi daya seluler.
Snapdragon QSD8250 diluncurkan pada bulan Desember 2007. QSD8250 dilengkapi prosesor 1 GHz pertama untuk telepon seluler. Qualcomm memperkenalkan [[mikroarsitektur]] "Krait" di generasi kedua dari [[System on a chip|SoC]] Snapdragon pada tahun 2011, yang memungkinkan tiap inti prosesor untuk menyesuaikan kecepatannya berdasarkan kebutuhan perangkat. Pada [[Consumer Electronics Show]] tahun 2013, Qualcomm memperkenalkan Snapdragon seri 800 pertama dan mengubah nama model-model sebelumnya sebagai seri 200, 400, dan 600. Sejak saat itu, sejumlah iterasi juga diperkenalkan, seperti Snapdragon 805, 810, 615, dan 410. Pada bulan Februari 2015, Qualcomm mengubah merek modemnya menjadi Snapdragon. {{As of|2018}}, [[Asus]], [[HP Inc.|HP]], dan [[Lenovo]] mulai menjual [[laptop]] dengan CPU berbasis Snapdragon yang menjalankan [[Windows 10]] dengan nama "Always Connected PC", sekaligus menandai ekspansi Qualcomm dan [[arsitektur ARM]] ke [[komputer meja]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/arm-going-after-intel-new-chip-roadmap-through-2020|title=ARM is going after Intel with new chip roadmap through 2020|work=Windows Central|access-date=2018-10-06|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030131/https://www.windowscentral.com/arm-going-after-intel-new-chip-roadmap-through-2020|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/always-connected-laptop-pcs|title=Always Connected PCs, Extended Battery Life 4G LTE Laptops {{!}} Windows|website=www.microsoft.com|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=2018-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011070325/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/always-connected-laptop-pcs|dead-url=no}}</ref>
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===Produk awal (2007–2009)===
[[File:HTC Desire - main board - Qualcomm QSD8250-2.jpg|thumb|Qualcomm QSD8250]]
Snapdragon QSD8250 pertama kali dikirimkan ke pembelinya pada bulan November 2007.<ref name="cnet">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/toshiba-handheld-hits-1ghz-with-snapdragon/|access-date=17 April 2018|publisher=CNET|date=3 February 2009|first=Brooke|last=Crothers|title=Toshiba handheld hits 1GHz with 'Snapdragon'|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207202734/https://www.cnet.com/news/toshiba-handheld-hits-1ghz-with-snapdragon/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Menurut [[CNET]], Snapdragon terkenal karena diklaim sebagai prosesor 1 GHz pertama yang khusus dibuat untuk perangkat seluler.<ref name="cnet" /><ref name="nytc">{{cite news|title=Intel and Qualcomm Eye Each Other’s Terrain|first=Brooke|last=Crothers|date=6 September 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/technology/companies/07qualcomm.html?_r=0|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109110831/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/technology/companies/07qualcomm.html?_r=0|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sebagian besar ponsel cerdas pada saat itu masih menggunakan prosesor 500 MHz.<ref name="cnet" /> Generasi pertama Snapdragon mendukung resolusi 720p, grafis 3D, dan kamera 12 MP.<ref name="cnet" /><ref>{{cite news|
Pada bulan November 2008, Qualcomm mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berkompetisi dengan Intel di pasar prosesor netbuk (netbook), dengan SoC Snapdragon dua inti yang rencananya akan diluncurkan pada akhir tahun 2009.<ref name="wsj">{{Cite news|title=Qualcomm Pushes Beyond Cellphones|first=Don|last=Clark|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122646599469620261|access-date=2 October 2014|date=13 November 2008|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207202147/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122646599469620261|dead-url=no}}</ref> Qualcomm pun mendemonstrasikan bahwa sebuah prosesor Snapdragon mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit daya daripada chip buatan Intel yang diluncurkan di waktu yang hampir sama, dan mengklaim bahwa harga prosesor Snapdragon juga lebih murah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chips for mobile world pose challenge to Intel|first=John|last=Markoff|date=1 July 2008|newspaper=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/1458010/chips_for_mobile_world_pose_challenge_to_intel/|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207203158/https://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/1458010/chips_for_mobile_world_pose_challenge_to_intel/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Intel’s Dominance Is Challenged by a Low-Power Upstart|first=John|last=Markoff|date=30 June 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/30/technology/30chip.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&ref=technology&adxnnlx=1214891191-GtrG2GTUeyKX3CilQ6S/3A&|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2021-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114054531/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/30/technology/30chip.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&ref=technology&adxnnlx=1214891191-GtrG2GTUeyKX3CilQ6S/3A&|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Next battleground for processors: powering the consumer computing device|newspaper=Electronic Engineering Times|date=14 July 2008|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1309556|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105428/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1309556|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada bulan yang sama, Qualcomm memperkenalkan sebuah purwarupa netbook berbasis Snapdragon bernama Kayak yang menggunakan prosesor 1,5 GHz. Kayak rencananya dijual di [[negara berkembang]].<ref name="UTSD" /><ref name="wsj" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm launches low-cost PC alternative|first=Rick|last=Merritt|date=12 November 2008|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1169751|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414093907/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1169751|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Pada bulan Mei 2009, [[Java Platform, Standard Edition|Java SE]] di-[[porting]] dan dioptimasi untuk Snapdragon.<ref>{{cite news|first=Darryl|last=Taft|date=6 May 2009|url=http://www.eweek.com/development/sun-and-qualcomm-tweak-java-for-netbooks|access-date=2 October 2014|newspaper=eWeek|title=Sun and Qualcomm Tweak Java for Netbooks|archive-date=2022-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928141019/https://www.eweek.com/development/sun-and-qualcomm-tweak-java-for-netbooks/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada [[Computex Taipei]] di bulan November 2009, Qualcomm mengumumkan Snapdragon QSD8650A, yang didasarkan pada proses produksi 45 nanometer. QSD8650A dilengkapi sebuah prosesor 1,2 GHz dan mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit daya daripada model sebelumnya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm Debuts 45nm Snapdragon Chipset|first=Nathan|last=Eddy|date=1 June 2009|url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Midmarket/Qualcomm-Debuts-45nm-Snapdragon-Chipset-822284/|access-date=17 April 2018|newspaper=eWeek}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=1 June 2009|first=Marin|last=Perez|title=Qualcomm Shows Off New Mobile Chips|url=http://www.informationweek.com/desktop/qualcomm-shows-off-new-mobile-chips/d/d-id/1080062|newspaper=InformationWeek|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105414/https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/qualcomm-shows-off-new-mobile-chips/d/d-id/1080062|dead-url=no}}</ref>
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Kemudian muncul "berita yang belum terkonfirmasi, namun sudah sangat tersebar" yang menduga bahwa Apple akan mulai menggunakan SoC Snapdragon pada iPhone berbasis Verizon.<ref name="dafoihjo">{{cite news|title=Qualcomm pushes to get beyond cell phones|first=Bradley|last=Fikes|date=10 January 2010|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/jan/10/telecom-qualcomm-pushes-to-get-beyond-cell-phones/|access-date=17 April 2018|newspaper=Union Tribune San Diego|archive-date=2020-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409154725/http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/jan/10/telecom-qualcomm-pushes-to-get-beyond-cell-phones/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hingga tahun 2012, Apple masih menggunakan [[prosesor rancangan Apple#seri A|rancangan semikonduktor Ax]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm's Snapdragon Mobile Chips Take On MediaTek|first=Reinhardt|last=Krause|newspaper=Investor's Business Daily|date=27 September 2012|url=http://news.investors.com/technology/092712-627235-qualcomm-snapdragon-targets-smartphones-china.htm|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2012-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005825/http://news.investors.com/technology/092712-627235-qualcomm-snapdragon-targets-smartphones-china.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dukungan untuk sistem operasi Windows Phone 7 kemudian ditambahkan ke Snapdragon pada bulan Oktober 2010.<ref name="duhndalkj" />
Pada tahun 2011, Snapdragon dipasang pada perangkat WebOS buatan [[Hewlett Packard]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm struts is mobile gaming stuff|first=Kevin|last=Fitchard|newspaper=Connected Planet|date=1 June 2011}}</ref>, dan berhasil menguasai 50% pangsa pasar prosesor ponsel cerdas.<ref>{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Caulfield|newspaper=Forbes|title=No Factories, No Phones, No Fuss: How Qualcomm Grabs Wireless Profits|date=18 July 2012|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/briancaulfield/2012/07/18/no-factories-no-phones-no-fuss-how-qualcomm-grabs-wireless-profits/|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422140016/https://www.forbes.com/sites/briancaulfield/2012/07/18/no-factories-no-phones-no-fuss-how-qualcomm-grabs-wireless-profits/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun 2012, Snapdragon S4 (inti Krait) mendominasi pasar SoC untuk Android, mengalahkan [[Tegra|Nvidia Tegra]] dan [[Texas Instruments OMAP]].<ref name="Droid Life 2012">{{cite web | title=Wednesday Poll: Preferred Mobile Processor? | website=Droid Life | date=26 September 2012 | url=http://www.droid-life.com/2012/09/26/wednesday-poll-preferred-mobile-processor/ | access-date=4 October 2017 | archive-date=2020-01-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103203540/https://www.droid-life.com/2012/09/26/wednesday-poll-preferred-mobile-processor/ | dead-url=no }}</ref> Hingga bulan Juli 2014, pangsa pasar Android tumbuh menjadi 84,6%,<ref name="Smith">{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Smith|date=31 July 2014|url=http://bgr.com/2014/07/31/android-vs-ios-vs-windows-phone-vs-blackberry/|title=Strategy Analytics: 85% of phones shipped last quarter run Android|publisher=BGR|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2014-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003143557/http://bgr.com/2014/07/31/android-vs-ios-vs-windows-phone-vs-blackberry/|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan chip Snapdragon buatan Qualcomm dipasang pada 41% dari total ponsel cerdas.<ref name="A Guide to Mobile Processors">{{cite book|title=A Guide to Mobile Processors|authors=Linley Gwennap, Mike Demler and Loyd Case|date=August 2014|url=http://www.linleygroup.com/report_detail.php?report_id=application_processor_guide|edition=Sixth|access-date=2021-11-14|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105412/https://www.linleygroup.com/report_detail.php?report_id=application_processor_guide|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kemudian, peluncuran chip A7 64-bit buatan Apple yang dipasang pada [[iPhone 5S]] membuat Qualcomm juga ikut meluncurkan produk 64-bit, walaupun kemampuan performa Snapdragon 800/801/805, sejak inti Krait, hanya 32-bit.<ref name="Cohen Cohen 2013">{{cite web | last=Cohen | first=Peter | title=Apple's 64-bit A7 chip "hit us in the gut," says Qualcomm employee | website=iMore | date=16 December 2013 | url=https://www.imore.com/apples-64-bit-a7-chip-hit-us-gut-says-qualcomm-employee | access-date=4 October 2017 | archive-date=2019-04-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154430/https://www.imore.com/apples-64-bit-a7-chip-hit-us-gut-says-qualcomm-employee | dead-url=no }}</ref> SoC 64-bit pertama, yakni [[Daftar prosesor Qualcomm Snapdragon#Snapdragon 808 dan 810 (2015)|Snapdragon 808 dan 810]], diluncurkan dengan menggunakan inti Cortex-A57 dan Cortex-A53 generik, lalu mengalami masalah peningkatan suhu dan pelambatan perangkat, terutama pada 810, sehingga membuat [[Samsung]] berhenti menggunakan Snapdragon untuk [[Samsung Galaxy S6|Galaxy S6]] dan [[Samsung Galaxy Note 5|Galaxy Note 5]].<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news|first1=Jungah|last1=Lee|first2=Ian|last2=King|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-20/samsung-said-to-drop-qualcomm-chip-from-next-galaxy-smartphone|access-date=17 April 2018|date=20 January 2015|title=Samsung Said to Drop Qualcomm Chip From Next Galaxy S|archive-date=2019-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225091238/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-20/samsung-said-to-drop-qualcomm-chip-from-next-galaxy-smartphone|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="ars49378ythu">{{cite news|title=In-depth with the Snapdragon 810’s heat problems|first=Andrew|last=Cunningham|date=23 April 2015|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/04/in-depth-with-the-snapdragon-810s-heat-problems/|access-date=17 April 2018|publisher=Ars Technica|archive-date=2019-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621085749/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/04/in-depth-with-the-snapdragon-810s-heat-problems/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Chip Snapdragon juga digunakan di sebagian besar jam tangan cerdas berbasis Android.<ref>{{cite news|first=Leo|last=Sun|title=Will Intel Corporation's Curie Conquer the Internet of Things and Wearables Markets?|publisher=Fox Business|date=29 March 2015}}</ref> Produk Snapdragon pun digunakan di produk [[realitas maya]] dan di kendaraan, seperti di [[Maserati Quattroporte]] dan [[Cadillac XTS]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Eyeing Growth, Mobile King Qualcomm Targets The Internet Of Things|first=Fionna|last=Agomuoh|date=8 January 2015|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/eyeing-growth-mobile-king-qualcomm-targets-internet-things-1777142|newspaper=International Business Times|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105437/https://www.ibtimes.com/eyeing-growth-mobile-king-qualcomm-targets-internet-things-1777142|dead-url=no}}</ref>
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