Sarin: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
k Moving from Category:Isopropil ester to Category:ester isopropil using Cat-a-lot |
||
| (22 revisi perantara oleh 12 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 415149010
| Reference = <ref>{{cite web|publisher=United States Senate|work=103d Congress, 2d Session|date=25 Mei 1994|url=http://www.gulfweb.org/bigdoc/report/appgb.html|title=Material Safety Data Sheet -- Lethal Nerve Agent Sarin (GB)|accessdate=6 November 2004}}</ref>
| Name = Sarin
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile = Sarin-2D-by-AHRLS-2011.png
| ImageFile1 = Sarin-3D-balls-by-AHRLS-2012.png
| PIN = (''RS'')-Propan-2-il metilfosfonofluoridat
| SystematicName =
| OtherNames = (''RS'')-''O''-Isopropil metilfosfonofluoridat; IMPF;<br />GB;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=sarin&Units=SI&cMS=on|title=Sarin|publisher=[[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]|accessdate=27 Maret 2011}}</ref><br />2-(Fluoro-metilfosforil)oksipropana; <br />Asam fosfonofluoridat, P-methil-, 1-metiletil ester
| IUPACName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 7583
| InChI1 = 1/C4H10FO2P/c1-4(2)7-8(3,5)6/h4H,1-3H3
| InChIKey1 = DYAHQFWOVKZOOW-UHFFFAOYAY
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 75701
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 509554
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C4H10FO2P/c1-4(2)7-8(3,5)6/h4H,1-3H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = DYAHQFWOVKZOOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 107-44-8
| PubChem = 7871
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = B4XG72QGFM
| SMILES = FP(=O)(OC(C)C)C
| InChI=1/C4H10FO2P/c1-4(2)7-8(3,5)6/h4H,1-3H3
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=4 | H=10 | F=1 | O=2 | P=1
| Appearance = Cairan bening takberwarna
| Odor = Takberbau dalam bentuk murni. Sarin takmurni dapat berbau seperti moster atau karet terbakar.
| BoilingPtC = 158
| MeltingPtC = -56
| Solubility = Tercampur
| Density = 1,0887 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 °C)<br />1,102 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)
| LogP = 0,30
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.gulfweb.org/bigdoc/report/appgb.html Agen Saraf Letal Sarin (GB)]
| EUClass = Sangat beracun ('''T+''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen |url=http://gestis-en.itrust.de/nxt/gateway.dll?f=templates&fn=default.htm&vid=gestiseng:sdbeng |work=GESTIS Substance Database |accessdate=15 November 2011 |archive-date=2012-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120064433/http://gestis-en.itrust.de/nxt/gateway.dll?f=templates&fn=default.htm&vid=gestiseng:sdbeng |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| LD50 = 550 μg/kg (tikus, oral) <ref>http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/107-44-8</ref>
| MainHazards = Agen [[kolinergik]] letal.
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 1
}}
| Section4 =
| Section5 =
| Section6 =
}}
'''Sarin''', atau penamaan [[NATO]] '''GB''' ([[Agen saraf#Deret-G|Deret-G]], 'B'), adalah senyawa [[organofosfat]] sintetik yang sangat beracun.<ref name=niosh>[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750001.html Sarin (GB)]. Emergency Response Safety and Health Database. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Diakses pada 20 April 2009.</ref> Sebuah cairan takberwarna dan takberbau, sarin digunakan sebagai [[senjata kimia]] disebabkan oleh potensi ekstrem yang dimilikinya sebagai [[agen saraf]]. Terpapar olehnya merupakan letal walaupun dengan konsentrasi yang sangat rendah dengan kematian dapat terjadi dalam satu hingga sepuluh menit setelah menghirup dosis letal secara langsung,<ref>{{Citation |page= |work= Lawfare: Hard National Security Choices |publication-date= 17 September 2013 |title= A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja review of A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja by Joost R. Hiltermann (Cambridge UP 2007) |author= Kenneth Anderson |url= https://www.lawfareblog.com/poisonous-affair-america-iraq-and-gassing-halabja-joost-r-hiltermann |accessdate= 30 Desember 2015|quote= ... death can occur within one minute of direct inhalation as the lung muscles are paralyzed.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |author = Michael Smith |publication-date= 26 Agustus 2002 |title= Saddam to be target of Britain's 'E-bomb' |work= [[The Daily Telegraph]] |page= A18|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1405440/Saddam-to-be-target-of-Britains-E-bomb.html |accessdate=30 Desember 2015|quote = The nerve agents Sarin and VX. Colourless and tasteless, they cause death by respiratory arrest in one to 15 minutes. }}</ref> hal ini terjadi akibat mati lemas dari kelumpuhan otot paru-paru, kecuali jika obat penawar diberikan segera.<ref name=niosh /> Orang yang menyerap dosis takletal, tetapi tidak segera menerima pengobatan medis, dapat menderita kerusakan saraf permanen.
Sarin pada umumnya dipandang sebagai [[senjata pemusnah massal]]. Produksi dan penimbunan sarin dilarang per April 1997 oleh [[Konvensi Senjata Kimia]] 1993, dan senyawa ini diklasifikasikan sebagai [[Daftar substansi Daftar 1 (CWC)|substansi Daftar 1]]. Pada Juni 1994, Komisi Khusus PBB dalam Pelucutan Senjata Irak melaporkan bahwa mereka telah menghancurkan persediaan Sarin Irak.<ref>{{Citation |page= 36 |work= [[UN Chronicle]] |publication-date= 1 September 1994 |volume=31 |issue=3 |title= Nearly half a million litres of chemical warfare agents destroyed in two-year operation. |quote= The two-year operation managed to destroy ... the nerve agents Sarin and Tabun .... The UN Special Commission on Iraqi disarmament, set up under Security Council resolution 687 (1991) concerning the disposal of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, reported that it had completed in June an important part of its mandate--the elimination of that country's declared chemical weapons stockpile.|url= https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-16435096/nearly-half-a-million-liters-of-chemical-warfare-agents |accessdate= 30 Desember 2015}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Sarin}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Senjata kimia]]
[[Kategori:Agen saraf]]
[[Kategori:Toksikologi]]
[[Kategori:Penghambat asetilkolinesterase]]
[[Kategori:Senjata kimia Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Senjata Perang Dingin Uni Soviet]]
[[Kategori:Agen saraf seri G]]
[[Kategori:Senjata kimia Jerman]]
[[Kategori:Penemuan Jerman pada masa Nazi]]
[[Kategori:ester isopropil]]
[[Kategori:Metilfosfonofluoridat]]
[[Kategori:Senjata kimia Uni Soviet]]
[[Kategori:Zat yang ditemukan pada tahun 1930-an]]
[[Kategori:Senjata kimia Britania Raya]]
{{Senyawa-stub}}
{{senjata-stub}}
| |||