Vaksin Covid-19 Moderna: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Vaksin COVID-19 Moderna''' atau '''mRNA-1273''' adalah sebuah [[vaksin COVID-19]] yang dikembangkan oleh [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] (NIAID), [[Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority]] (BARDA), dan [[Moderna]]. Vaksin tersebut dipakaikan melalui [[suntikan intraotot]]. Pada 18 Desember 2020, mRNA-1273 dikeluarkan melalui [[perintah pemakaian darurat]] oleh [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) Amerika Serikat.<ref name="nih-eua">{{cite news |title=Statement from NIH and BARDA on the FDA Emergency Use Authorization of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine |url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/statement-nih-barda-fda-emergency-use-authorization-moderna-covid-19-vaccine |access-date=19 December 2020 |agency=US National Institutes of Health |date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="CDC ACIP Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine">{{cite journal | last=Oliver | first=Sara E. | last2=Gargano | first2=Julia W. | last3=Marin | first3=Mona | last4=Wallace | first4=Megan | last5=Curran | first5=Kathryn G. | last6=Chamberland | first6=Mary | last7=McClung | first7=Nancy | last8=Campos-Outcalt | first8=Doug | last9=Morgan | first9=Rebecca L. | last10=Mbaeyi | first10=Sarah | last11=Romero | first11=José R. | last12=Talbot | first12=H. Keipp | last13=Lee | first13=Grace M. | last14=Bell | first14=Beth P. | last15=Dooling | first15=Kathleen | display-authors=6 | title=The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 2020 | journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume=69 | issue=5152 | date=December 2020 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm695152e1 | page= | url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm695152e1-H.pdf | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name="lovelace">{{cite news |first=Berkeley | last = Lovelace Jr | name-list-style = vanc |date=2020-12-19|title=FDA approves second Covid vaccine for emergency use as it clears Moderna's for U.S. distribution|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/18/moderna-covid-vaccine-approved-fda-for-emergency-use.html|access-date=2020-12-19|work=CNBC}}</ref>
== Efek samping ==
▲'''Vaksin COVID-19 Moderna''' atau '''mRNA-1273''' adalah sebuah [[vaksin COVID-19]] yang dikembangkan oleh [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] (NIAID), [[Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority]] (BARDA), dan [[Moderna]]. Vaksin tersebut dipakaikan melalui [[suntikan intraotot]]. Pada 18 Desember 2020, mRNA-1273 dikeluarkan melalui [[perintah pemakaian darurat]] oleh [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) Amerika Serikat.<ref name="nih-eua">{{cite news |title=Statement from NIH and BARDA on the FDA Emergency Use Authorization of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine |url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/statement-nih-barda-fda-emergency-use-authorization-moderna-covid-19-vaccine |access-date=19 December 2020 |agency=US National Institutes of Health |date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="CDC ACIP Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine">{{cite journal | last=Oliver | first=Sara E. | last2=Gargano | first2=Julia W. | last3=Marin | first3=Mona | last4=Wallace | first4=Megan | last5=Curran | first5=Kathryn G. | last6=Chamberland | first6=Mary | last7=McClung | first7=Nancy | last8=Campos-Outcalt | first8=Doug | last9=Morgan | first9=Rebecca L. | last10=Mbaeyi | first10=Sarah | last11=Romero | first11=José R. | last12=Talbot | first12=H. Keipp | last13=Lee | first13=Grace M. | last14=Bell | first14=Beth P. | last15=Dooling | first15=Kathleen | display-authors=6 | title=The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 2020 | journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume=69 | issue=5152 | date=December 2020 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm695152e1 | page= | url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm695152e1-H.pdf | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name="lovelace">{{cite news |first=Berkeley | last = Lovelace Jr | name-list-style = vanc |date=2020-12-19|title=FDA approves second Covid vaccine for emergency use as it clears Moderna's for U.S. distribution|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/18/moderna-covid-vaccine-approved-fda-for-emergency-use.html|access-date=2020-12-19|work=CNBC}}</ref> Dalam pemberian vaksin COVID-19, petugas kesehatan dan lansia diprioritaskan untuk vaksin. Semakin banyak vaksin yang dibuat maka kelompok prioritas tambahan juga harus divaksinasi. Vaksin Moderna cukup aman dan efektif pada orang yang kondisi medisnya terkait dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit parah seperti darah tinggi, diabetes, asma, paru-paru, penyakit ginjal, dan infeksi kronis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Moderna COVID-19 (mRNA-1273) vaccine: what you need to know|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-moderna-covid-19-mrna-1273-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2021-03-05}}</ref>
Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan bahwa "data keamanan mendukung profil keamanan yang menguntungkan" dan bahwa profil efek samping vaksin "tidak mengindikasikan masalah keamanan khusus".<ref name="who-back"/> Efek samping yang paling umum adalah nyeri di tempat suntikan, kelelahan, sakit kepala, mialgia (nyeri otot), dan artralgia (nyeri sendi).<ref name="who-back"/>
Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit AS (CDC) telah melaporkan [[anafilaksis]] (reaksi alergi parah) dalam 2,5 kasus per juta dosis yang diberikan dan telah merekomendasikan periode pengamatan 15 menit setelah injeksi.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 21, 2020-January 10, 2021 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 70 | issue = 4 | pages = 125–129 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33507892 | pmc = 7842812 | doi = 10.15585/mmwr.mm7004e1 | <!-- url is official version --> url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/pdfs/mm7004e1-H.pdf | author1 = CDC COVID-19 Response Team }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Reaksi kulit tertunda di tempat suntikan yang mengakibatkan [[eritema]] seperti [[ruam]] juga telah diamati dalam kasus yang jarang terjadi tetapi tidak dianggap serius atau menjadi kontraindikasi untuk vaksinasi berikutnya.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Blumenthal KG, Freeman EE, Saff RR, Robinson LB, Wolfson AR, Foreman RK, Hashimoto D, Banerji A, Li L, Anvari S, Shenoy ES | display-authors = 6 | title = Delayed Large Local Reactions to mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 384 | issue = 13 | pages = 1273–1277 | date = April 2021 | pmid = 33657292 | pmc = 7944952 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMc2102131 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Tingkat kejadian eritema lokal yang merugikan adalah sekitar 10,8%, pada 1,9% kasus, kemerahan dapat meluas hingga ukuran 100mm atau lebih besar.<ref name="EUA fact sheet" />
Pada 23 Juni 2021, CDC AS mengkonfirmasi bahwa [[miokarditis]] atau [[perikarditis]] terjadi pada sekitar 13 dari setiap 1 juta orang muda, kebanyakan pria dan berusia di atas 16 tahun, yang menerima vaksin Moderna atau Pfizer–BioNTech. Kebanyakan individu yang terkena pulih dengan cepat dengan pengobatan dan istirahat yang memadai.<ref>{{cite web |author=National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases |title=Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html |website=CDC.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=2 July 2021 |date=23 June 2021}}</ref>
== Tentang mRNA-1273 ==
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