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'''Glikoprotein''' ({{lang-en|glycoprotein}}) adalah kelompok [[protein]] besar dan beragam yang memiliki satu atau lebih molekul gula yang dikenal sebagai [[oligosakarida]], yang berikatan secara kovalen. Protein yang beragam ini memiliki berbagai fungsi yaitu mengaktifkan respon imun, sinyal sel dan proses penyakit.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=An|first=Hyun Joo|last2=Froehlich|first2=John W|last3=Lebrilla|first3=Carlito B|date=2009-10-01|title=Determination of glycosylation sites and site-specific heterogeneity in glycoproteins|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367593109001033|journal=Current Opinion in Chemical Biology|series=Analytical Techniques/Mechanisms|volume=13|issue=4|pages=421–426|doi=10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.022|issn=1367-5931|pmc=PMC2749913|pmid=19700364}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Spiro|first=R. G.|date=2002-04-01|title=Protein glycosylation: nature, distribution, enzymatic formation, and disease implications of glycopeptide bonds|url=https://academic.oup.com/glycob/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/glycob/12.4.43R|journal=Glycobiology|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=43R–56R|doi=10.1093/glycob/12.4.43R|issn=0959-6658}}</ref>
Glikoprotein terbentuk melalui glikosilasi, merupakan reaksi enzimatik kompleks dan ''reversible'' yang terjadi di semua domain kehidupan. Glikolisasi dapat terjadi sebagai bentuk dari modifikasi pasca-translasi ({{lang-en|post-translational modification; PTM}}), atau secara co-translasi, seperti yang terjadi dengan N-glikolisasi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shrimal|first=Shiteshu|last2=Cherepanova|first2=Natalia A.|last3=Gilmore|first3=Reid|date=2015-05-01|title=Cotranslational and posttranslocational N-glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952114003152|journal=Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology|series=Dendritic cell development and function & Protein quality control through glycosylation|volume=41|pages=71–78|doi=10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.11.005|issn=1084-9521}}</ref> Ada 6 tipe glikolisasi:
# N-glikolisasi: Oligosakaridan terhubung pada nitrogen pada residu asparagin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Breitling|first=Jörg|last2=Aebi|first2=Markus|date=2013-08-01|title=N-Linked Protein Glycosylation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum|url=http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/5/8/a013359|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology|language=en|volume=5|issue=8|pages=a013359|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a013359|issn=1943-0264|pmid=23751184}}</ref>
# O-glikolisasi: Oligosakarida terhubung pada oksigen, umumnya pada residu serin atau treonin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reily|first=Colin|last2=Stewart|first2=Tyler J.|last3=Renfrow|first3=Matthew B.|last4=Novak|first4=Jan|date=2019-06|title=Glycosylation in health and disease|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-019-0129-4|journal=Nature Reviews Nephrology|language=en|volume=15|issue=6|pages=346–366|doi=10.1038/s41581-019-0129-4|issn=1759-5061|pmc=PMC6590709|pmid=30858582}}</ref>
# C-glikolisasi: Ikatan karbon-karbon menghubungkan manosa dengan cincin indol triptofan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acta Biochimica Polonica|url=https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/acta-biochimica-polonica|website=www.frontierspartnerships.org|language=en|access-date=2024-06-10}}</ref>
# S-glikolisasi: Oligosakarida terhubung pada sulfur dari residu sistein.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stepper|first=Judith|last2=Shastri|first2=Shilpa|last3=Loo|first3=Trevor S.|last4=Preston|first4=Joanne C.|last5=Novak|first5=Petr|last6=Man|first6=Petr|last7=Moore|first7=Christopher H.|last8=Havlíček|first8=Vladimír|last9=Patchett|first9=Mark L.|date=2011-02-18|title=Cysteine S -glycosylation, a new post-translational modification found in glycopeptide bacteriocins|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.01.023|journal=FEBS Letters|language=en|volume=585|issue=4|pages=645–650|doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2011.01.023}}</ref>
# Phosphoglycosylation: Ikatan fosfodiester menghubungkan glikan denga residu serin atau treonin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boutin|first=Sylvie|last2=Monteilhet|first2=Virginie|last3=Veron|first3=Philippe|last4=Leborgne|first4=Christian|last5=Benveniste|first5=Olivier|last6=Montus|first6=Marie Françoise|last7=Masurier|first7=Carole|date=2010-06|title=Prevalence of Serum IgG and Neutralizing Factors Against Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Types 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 in the Healthy Population: Implications for Gene Therapy Using AAV Vectors|url=http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/hum.2009.182|journal=Human Gene Therapy|language=en|volume=21|issue=6|pages=704–712|doi=10.1089/hum.2009.182|issn=1043-0342}}</ref>
# Glypiation: Jangkar glikosilfosfatidilinositol ditambahkan (protein dan fosfolipid dihubungkan oleh inti glikan).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roller|first=Renée F.|last2=Malik|first2=Ankita|last3=Carillo|first3=Maria A.|last4=Garg|first4=Monika|last5=Rella|first5=Antonella|last6=Raulf|first6=Marie‐Kristin|last7=Lepenies|first7=Bernd|last8=Seeberger|first8=Peter H.|last9=Varón Silva|first9=Daniel|date=2020-07-13|title=Semisynthesis of Functional Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐Anchored Proteins|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202002479|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|language=en|volume=59|issue=29|pages=12035–12040|doi=10.1002/anie.202002479|issn=1433-7851|pmc=PMC7383966|pmid=32307806}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}{{biokimia-stub}}
[[Kategori:Biokimia]]
[[Kategori:Protein]]
[[Kategori:Karbohidrat]]
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