Opuntia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox Otomatis
|display_parents=2
|image = Opuntia littoralis var vaseyi 4.jpg
|image_caption = [[Opuntia littoralis|''Opuntia littoralis'' var. ''vaseyi'']]
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|subdivision_ranks = [[Spesies]]
|subdivision = Beberapa, lihat [[#Spesies terpilih|teks]].
Baris 30 ⟶ 21:
*''Tunas'' <small>[[Joël Lunell|Lunell]]</small>
*''Weberiopuntia'' <small>[[Alberto Vojtech Frič|Fric]]</small>
dan lihat teks}}
'''''Opuntia''''' adalah sebuah [[genus]] dari [[
Spesies [[kuliner]] paling terkenalnya adalah [[Opuntia ficus-indica|opuntia ara India]] (''O. ficus-indica''). Sebagian besar [[kuliner]] menggunakan istilah "pir berduri" untuk merujuk kepada spesies tersebut.
Genus tersebut mengambil nama dari kota [[Yunani Kuno]] [[Opus, Yunani|Opus]], dimana, menurut [[Teofrastus]], sebuah tumbuhan pangan tumbuh dengan mengakarkan dedaunannya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=kaN-hLL-3qEC |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names |volume=III M-Q |year=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-2677-6 |page=1885}}</ref>
== Daftar spesies<ref name="POWO_30002080-2">{{cite web |title=''Opuntia'' Mill. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002080-2 |access-date=2022-10-16 }}</ref> ==
*''[[Opuntia abjecta]]'' <small>Small ex Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia aciculata]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia × aequatorialis]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia × alta]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia altomagdalenensis]]'' <small>Xhonneux</small>
*''[[Opuntia amarilla]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia anahuacensis]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia × andersonii]]'' <small>H.M.Hern., Gómez-Hin. & Bárcenas</small>
*''[[Opuntia arechavaletae]]'' <small>Speg.</small>
*''[[Opuntia atrispina]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia auberi]]'' <small>Pfeiff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia aurantiaca]]'' <small>Lindl.</small>
*''[[Opuntia aurea]]'' <small>E.M.Baxter</small>
*''[[Opuntia aureispina]]'' <small>(S.Brack & K.D.Heil) Pinkava & B.D.Parfitt</small>
*''[[Opuntia austrina]]'' <small>Small</small>
*''[[Opuntia azurea]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia basilaris]]'' <small>Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow</small>
*''[[Opuntia bonplandii]]'' <small>(Kunth) F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia bravoana]]'' <small>E.M.Baxter</small>
*''[[Opuntia caboensis]]'' <small>F.Mercado & León de la Luz</small>
*''[[Opuntia camanchica]]'' <small>Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow</small>
*''[[Opuntia caracassana]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia × carstenii]]'' <small>R.Puente & C.Hamann</small>
*''[[Opuntia cespitosa]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''[[Opuntia chaffeyi]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia × charlestonensis]]'' <small>Clokey</small>
*''[[Opuntia chiangiana]]'' <small>Scheinvar & Manzanero</small>
*''[[Opuntia chisosensis]]'' <small>(M.S.Anthony) D.J.Ferguson</small>
*''[[Opuntia chlorotica]]'' <small>Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow</small>
*''[[Opuntia clarkiorum]]'' <small>Rebman</small>
*''[[Kaktus centong|Opuntia cochenillifera]]'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small> – '''Kaktus centong'''
*''[[Opuntia × cochinera]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia × coloradensis]]'' <small>D.J.Barnett & Donnie Barnett</small>
*''[[Opuntia × columbiana]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia crassa]]'' <small>Haw.</small>
*''[[Opuntia crystalenia]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia cubensis]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia curassavica]]'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small>
*''[[Opuntia × curvispina]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia deamii]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia × debreczyi]]'' <small>Szutorisz</small>
*''[[Opuntia decumbens]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia dejecta]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia delafuentiana]]'' <small>Martínez-Gonz., Luna-Vega, Gallegos & García-Sand.</small>
*''[[Opuntia × demissa]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia depressa]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia dillenii]]'' <small>(Ker Gawl.) Haw.</small>
*''[[Opuntia discolor]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia drummondii]]'' <small>Graham</small>
*''[[Opuntia dulcis]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia eichlamii]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia elata]]'' <small>Link & Otto ex Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Duri tentong|Opuntia elatior]]'' <small>Mill.</small> – '''Duri tentong'''
*''[[Opuntia elizondoana]]'' <small>E.Sánchez & Villaseñor</small>
*''[[Opuntia engelmannii]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia escuintlensis]]'' <small>(Matuda) Lodé</small>
*''[[Opuntia excelsa]]'' <small>Sánchez-Mej.</small>
*''[[Opuntia feroacantha]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Kaktus pir berduri|Opuntia ficus-indica]]'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small> – '''Kaktus pir berduri'''
*''[[Opuntia fragilis]]'' <small>(Nutt.) Haw.</small><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3120/0024-9637-62.2.115?journalCode=madr|doi=10.3120/0024-9637-62.2.115|title=Northern Range Limit of ''Opuntia fragilis'' and the Cactaceae is 56°N, Not 58°N|year=2015|last1=Gorelick|first1=Root|journal=Madroño|volume=62|issue=2|pages=115–123|s2cid=85912474}}</ref>
*''[[Opuntia fuliginosa]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia galapageia]]'' <small>Hensl.</small>
*''[[Opuntia gallegiana]]'' <small>Scheinvar & Olalde</small>
*''[[Opuntia gosseliniana]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia guatemalensis]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia guilanchii]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia hitchcockii]]'' <small>J.G.Ortega</small>
*''[[Opuntia hondurensis]]'' <small>Standl.</small>
*''[[Opuntia howeyi]]'' <small>J.A.Purpus</small>
*''[[Opuntia huajuapensis]]'' <small>Bravo</small>
*''[[Opuntia humifusa]]'' <small>(Raf.) Raf.</small>
*''[[Opuntia hyptiacantha]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia inaequilateralis]]'' <small>A.Berger</small>
*''[[Opuntia inaperta]]'' <small>(Schott ex Griffiths) D.R.Hunt</small>
*''[[Opuntia jaliscana]]'' <small>Bravo</small>
*''[[Opuntia lagunae]]'' <small>E.M.Baxter</small>
*''[[Opuntia lasiacantha]]'' <small>Pfeiff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia leucotricha]]'' <small>DC.</small>
*''[[Opuntia lindheimeri]]''
*''[[Opuntia littoralis]]'' <small>(Engelm.) Cockerell</small>
*''[[Opuntia lutea]]'' <small>(Rose) D.R.Hunt</small>
*''[[Opuntia mackensenii]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia macrocentra]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia macrorhiza]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia mantaroensis]]'' <small>Guiggi</small>
*''[[Opuntia matudae]]'' <small>Scheinvar</small>
*''[[Opuntia maxima]]'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''[[Opuntia megapotamica]]'' <small>Arechav.</small>
*''[[Opuntia megarrhiza]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia mesacantha]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''[[Kaktus telinga kelinci|Opuntia microdasys]]'' <small>(Lehm.) Pfeiff.</small> – '''Kaktus telinga kelinci'''
*''[[Opuntia militaris]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia monacantha]]'' <small>Haw.</small>
*''[[Opuntia nemoralis]]'' <small>Griffiths</small>
*''[[Opuntia × occidentalis]]'' <small>Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow</small>
*''[[Opuntia ochrocentra]]'' <small>Small ex Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia orbiculata]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia oricola]]'' <small>Philbrick</small>
*''[[Opuntia pachyrrhiza]]'' <small>H.M.Hern., Gómez-Hin. & Bárcenas</small>
*''[[Opuntia parviclada]]'' <small>S.Arias & Gama</small>
*''[[Opuntia peckii]]'' <small>J.A.Purpus</small>
*''[[Opuntia perotensis]]'' <small>Scheinvar, Olalde & Gallegos</small>
*''[[Opuntia phaeacantha]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia pilifera]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia pinkavae]]'' <small>B.D.Parfitt</small>
*''[[Opuntia pittieri]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia polyacantha]]'' <small>Haw.</small>
*''[[Opuntia pottsii]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia preciadoae]]'' <small>Scheinvar, Olalde, Gallegos & J.Morales S.</small>
*''[[Opuntia puberula]]'' <small>Pfeiff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia pubescens]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia pycnantha]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia quimilo]]'' <small>K.Schum.</small>
*''[[Opuntia quitensis]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia rastrera]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia repens]]'' <small>Bello</small>
*''[[Opuntia retrorsa]]'' <small>Speg.</small>
*''[[Opuntia ritteri]]'' <small>A.Berger</small>
*''[[Opuntia robinsonii]]'' <small>J.G.Ortega</small>
*''[[Opuntia robusta]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia × rooneyi]]'' <small>M.P.Griff.</small>
*''[[Opuntia rufida]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia rzedowskii]]'' <small>Scheinvar</small>
*''[[Opuntia sanguinea]]'' <small>Proctor</small>
*''[[Opuntia scheeri]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia schumannii]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber ex A.Berger</small>
*''[[Opuntia setocarpa]]'' <small>Arreola-Nava, Guzm.-Hern. & Cuevas</small>
*''[[Opuntia sierralagunensis]]'' <small>León de la Luz & F.Mercado</small>
*''[[Opuntia soederstromiana]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia spinosibacca]]'' <small>M.S.Anthony</small>
*''[[Opuntia spinulifera]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia stenarthra]]'' <small>K.Schum.</small>
*''[[Opuntia stenopetala]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia streptacantha]]'' <small>Lem.</small>
*''[[Opuntia stricta]]'' <small>(Haw.) Haw.</small>
*''[[Opuntia strigil]]'' <small>Engelm.</small>
*''[[Opuntia sulphurea]]'' <small>G.Don ex Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia tapona]]'' <small>Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.</small>
*''[[Opuntia tehuacana]]'' <small>S.Arias & U.Guzmán</small>
*''[[Opuntia tehuantepecana]]'' <small>(Bravo) Bravo</small>
*''[[Opuntia tezontepecana]]'' <small>Gallegos & Scheinvar</small>
*''[[Opuntia tomentosa]]'' <small>Salm-Dyck</small>
*''[[Opuntia tortispina]]'' <small>Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow</small>
*''[[Opuntia triacantha]]'' <small>(Willd.) Sweet</small>
*''[[Opuntia trichophora]]'' <small>([[Engelm.]] & [[J.M.Bigelow]]) [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small>
*''[[Opuntia tuna]]'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small>
*''[[Opuntia tunoidea]]'' <small>Gibbes</small>
*''[[Opuntia × vaseyi]]'' <small>(J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia velutina]]'' <small>F.A.C.Weber</small>
*''[[Opuntia wilcoxii]]'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>
*''[[Opuntia zacuapanensis]]'' <small>A.Berger</small>
*''[[Opuntia zamudioi]]'' <small>Scheinvar</small>
== Referensi ==
Baris 43 ⟶ 188:
== Daftar pustaka ==
* Behan, Jeff (1995): The bug that changed history. ''Boatman's Quarterly Review'' '''8'''(2). [http://www.gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm HTML fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621103349/http://gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm |date=2006-06-21 }}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Bwititi P, Musabayane CT, Nhachi CF |title=Effects of Opuntia megacantha on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin diabetic rats |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=247–52 |date=March 2000 |pmid=10722207 |doi=10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00123-3}}
* Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo (2002): Taxonomy, distribution, rarity status and uses of Canadian Cacti. ''Haseltonia'' '''9''': 17–25 [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cota-S%C3%A1nchez,+J.+Hugo+(2002):+Taxonomy,+distribution,+rarity+status+and+uses+of+Canadian+Cacti.+Haseltonia+9:+17-25&hl=en&safe=off&um=1&ie=UTF-8&oi=scholart Google Scholar]<!-- PDF says p.1-9 --> [http://www.usask.ca/biology/cota-sanchez/lab/sec/canadian_cacti_abstract.pdf PDF abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910103933/http://www.usask.ca/biology/cota-sanchez/lab/sec/canadian_cacti_abstract.pdf |date=2008-09-10 }}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Frati-Munari AC, Fernández-Harp JA, de la Riva H, Ariza-Andraca R, del Carmen Torres M |title=Efecto del nopal (Opuntia sp.) sobre los lípidos séricos la glucemia y el peso corporal |trans_title=Effects of nopal (Opuntia sp.) on serum lipids, glycemia and body weight |language=Spanish |journal=Archivos De Investigación Médica |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=117–25 |year=1983 |pmid=6314922}}
* Ott, Jonathan (1995): ''In: Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangaean Entheogens''.
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Pittler MH, Verster JC, Ernst E |title=Interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials |journal=BMJ |volume=331 |issue=7531 |pages=1515–8 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16373736 |pmc=1322250 |doi=10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1515}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Portillo | first1 = M. | last2 = Liberato | last3 = Vigueras | first3 = G. | last4 = Lilia | first4 = Ana | year = 1988 | title = Natural Enemies of Cochineal (''Dactylopius coccus'' Costa): Importance in Mexico | url = http://www.jpacd.org/Jpacd98/portil.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development | volume = 3 | issue = | pages = 43–49 | access-date = 2016-06-23 | archive-date = 2009-03-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326060829/http://www.jpacd.org/Jpacd98/portil.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Rayburn | first1 = Keith M.D. | last2 = Martinez | first2 = Rey | last3 = Escobedo | first3 = Miguel | last4 = Wright | first4 = Fred | last5 = Farias | first5 = Maria | year = 1998 | title = Glycemic Effects of Various Species of Nopal (''Opuntia'' sp.) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | url = | journal = Texas Journal of Rural Health | volume = 16 | issue = 1| pages = 68–76 }}
* Trenary, Klaus (1997): Visionary Cactus Guide: ''[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/opuntia.htm Opunita] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010308093542/http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/opuntia.htm |date=2001-03-08 }}'' {{sic}}. Retrieved 2007-OCT-15.
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Wiese J, McPherson S, Odden MC, Shlipak MG |title=Effect of Opuntia ficus indica on symptoms of the alcohol hangover |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |volume=164 |issue=12 |pages=1334–40 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15226168 |doi=10.1001/archinte.164.12.1334}}
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q158991}}
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Opuntia
[[Kategori:Kaktus]]
[[Kategori:Cactaceae]]
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