Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pada bulan Februari 1967, setelah merekam judul lagu "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", McCartney menyarankan agar The Beatles harus merilis seluruh album yang mewakili pertunjukan oleh Band Fiksi Sgt. Pepper. Kelompok [[Alter ego]] ini akan memberi mereka kebebasan untuk bereksperimen secara musikal. Selama sesi rekaman, band ini melanjutkan kemajuan teknologi yang telah mereka buat pada Album [[Revolver (album)|Revolver]] pada tahun 1966. Mengetahui bahwa mereka tidak harus melakukan trek secara langsung, mereka mengadopsi pendekatan eksperimental untuk komposisi dan rekaman pada lagu-lagu seperti "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!", dan "[[A Day in the Life]]". Produser [[George Martin]] dan Insinyur [[Geoff Emerick]] membantu mewujudkan ide-ide kelompok dengan mendekatkan studio sebagai instrumen, menerapkan [[Overdubbing]] [[Orkestra]], efek suara dan metode lain dari manipulasi pita. Rekaman selesai pada 21 April 1967. Sampulnya, yang menggambarkan The Beatles berpose di depan tablo selebriti dan tokoh sejarah, dirancang oleh seniman pop Inggris Peter Blake dan Jann Haworth.

 

 

== Latar Belakang ==

Pada 1966, The Beatles sudah bosan dengan pertunjukan live.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2010|p=210}} Menurut pendapat [[John Lennon]], mereka dapat "mengirim empat lilin ... dan itu akan memuaskan banyak orang. Konser Beatles tidak ada hubungannya dengan musik lagi. Itu hanyalah ritual suku antah berantah."{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=229}} Pada bulan Juni tahun itu, dua hari setelah menyelesaikan album [[Revolver (album)|Revolver]], grup ini telah menyiapkan tur untuk Konser di [[Jerman Barat]]{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=212}}. Sementara di [[Hamburg]], mereka menerima telegram anonim yang menyatakan: "Jangan pergi ke Tokyo. Hidupmu dalam bahaya."{{sfn|Martin|Pearson|1994|p=7}} Ancaman itu ditanggapi dengan serius mengingat kontroversi seputar tur di antara kelompok-kelompok agama dan konservatif Jepang, dengan penentangan khusus terhadap rencana penampilan The Beatles di arena suci [[Nippon Budokan]].{{sfn|Martin|Pearson|1994|p=7}} Sebagai tindakan pencegahan tambahan, 35.000 polisi dikerahkan dan ditugaskan untuk melindungi kelompok itu, yang diangkut dari hotel ke tempat-tempat konser dengan kendaraan lapis baja.<ref>{{harvnb|Lewisohn|2010|p=211}}; {{harvnb|Martin|Pearson|1994|p=7}}.</ref> The Beatles kemudian tampil di [[Filipina]], di mana mereka diancam dan dianiaya oleh warganya karena tidak mengunjungi Ibu Negara [[Imelda Marcos]]. Grup tersebut marah dengan manajer mereka, [[Brian Epstein]], karena bersikeras pada apa yang mereka anggap sebagai rencana perjalanan yang melelahkan dan melemahkan moral.{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|pp=212–213}}

 

 

Publikasi di AS dari pernyataan Lennon tentang The Beatles menjadi "[[Lebih populer ketimbang Yesus]]" kemudian melibatkan band dalam kontroversi dan protes di [[Sabuk Alkitab|Sabuk Alkitab Amerika]].{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=213}} Permintaan maaf publik meredakan ketegangan, tetapi tur di Amerika Serikat pada Agustus yang ditandai dengan berkurangnya penjualan tiket, relatif terhadap rekor kehadiran kelompok itu pada 1965, dan pertunjukan di bawah standar terbukti menjadi yang terakhir.<ref>{{harvnb|Lewisohn|2010|p=230: the Beatles' final commercial performance}}; {{harvnb|Turner|2016|pp=295, 299}}: reduced ticket sales, record attendances in 1965; {{harvnb|MacDonald|2005|p=213}}: subpar performances.</ref> Penulis Nicholas Schaffner menulis:

 

Sekembalinya The Beatles ke Inggris, rumor mulai beredar bahwa mereka memutuskan untuk bubar.{{sfn|Julien|2008b|p=1}} [[George Harrison]] memberitahu Epstein bahwa dia akan meninggalkan band, tetapi dia dibujuk untuk bertahan dengan jaminan bahwa tidak akan ada lagi tur.{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=213}} Grup ini mengambil istirahat selama tiga bulan, di mana mereka fokus pada kepentingan individu.{{sfn|Gould|2007|p=367}} Harrison melakukan perjalanan ke India selama enam minggu untuk mempelajari [[sitar]] di bawah instruksi [[Ravi Shankar]]{{sfn|Julien|2008b|p=2}} dan mengembangkan minatnya pada filsafat [[Hindu]].{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=71}} Menjadi yang terakhir dari The Beatles yang mengakui bahwa pertunjukan live mereka menjadi sia-sia,

 

== Konsep & Inspirasi ==

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* {{cite book|last=Everett|first=Walter|authorlink=Walter Everett (musicologist)|year=1999|title=The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512941-0|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=eTkHAldi4bEC}} |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Frontani|first=Michael R.|year=2007|title=The Beatles: Image and the Media|url=https://archive.org/details/beatlesimagemedi0000fron|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson, MS|isbn=978-1-57806-966-8|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|editor1-last=Sawyers|editor1-first=June Skinner|title=Read the Beatles: Classic and New Writings on the Beatles, Their Legacy, and Why They Still Matter|chapter=We Still Need the Beatles, but&nbsp;... |last=Goldstein|first=Richard|origyear=18 June 1967|year=2006|publisher=Penguin Books|url= {{google books |plainurl=y |id=EIgR8wbhPDoC}} |isbn=978-0-14-303732-3|ref=harv}}

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* {{cite book|last=Greene|first=Doyle|year=2016|title=Rock, Counterculture and the Avant-Garde, 1966–1970: How the Beatles, Frank Zappa and the Velvet Underground Defined an Era|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson, NC|isbn=978-1-4766-6214-5|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Hannan|first=Michael |year=2008|chapter= The sound design of ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band''|title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Olivier|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7|ref=harv|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vZ-SB57WBo8C}}}}

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* {{cite book|last=Inglis|first=Ian |year=2008|chapter= Cover story: magic, myth, and music|title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Olivier|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vZ-SB57WBo8C}}|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Carys Wyn|title=The Rock Canon: Canonical Values in the Reception of Rock Albums|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=AiQxDwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions |year=2016|origyear=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, UK|isbn=978-0-7546-6244-0|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Kimsey|first=John |year=2008|chapter= The Whatchamucallit in the garden: ''Sgt. Pepper'' and fables of interference |title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Olivier|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vZ-SB57WBo8C}}|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|authorlink=Colin Larkin (writer)|title=Guinness Book of Top 1000 Albums|url=https://archive.org/details/alltimetop1000al0000lark_e9k1|publisher=Gullane Children's Books|year=1994|edition=1|isbn=978-0-85112-786-6|ref=harv}}

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* {{cite book|last=Lewisohn|first=Mark|year=2010|origyear=1992|title=The Complete Beatles Chronicle: The Definitive Day-by-Day Guide to the Beatles' Entire Career|publisher=Chicago Review Press|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=978-1-56976-534-0|url= |ref=harv}}

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* {{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=George|first2=William|last2=Pearson|title=Summer of Love: The making of Sgt. Pepper|year=1994|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-60398-7|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Miles|first=Barry|authorlink=Barry Miles|title=Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now|year=1997|publisher=Henry Holt & Company|edition=1st Hardcover|isbn=978-0-8050-5248-0|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-eh8BedNtLgC}} |ref=harv}}

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* {{cite book|last=Moore|first=Allan F.|year=2008|chapter=The act you've known for all these years: a re-encounter with ''Sgt. Pepper'' |title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Olivier|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vZ-SB57WBo8C}}|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Philo|first=Simon|title=British Invasion: The Crosscurrents of Musical Influence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WqiDBQAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-8108-8626-1|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|first=Mark|last=Prendergast|title=The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Moby – The Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=No48PgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=New York, NY|year=2003|isbn=1-58234-323-3|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|first=Tim|last=Riley|authorlink=Tim Riley (music critic)|title=Tell Me Why – The Beatles: Album by Album, Song by Song, the Sixties and After|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXn8AgAAQBAJ&dq |publisher=Da Capo Press|location=Cambridge, MA|year=2002|origyear=1988|isbn=978-0-306-81120-3|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Rodriguez|first=Robert|title=Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll|year=2012|publisher=Backbeat Books|location=Milwaukee, WI|isbn=978-1-61713-009-0|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=farlJScWrTMC}} |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Romanowski|first=William D.|title=Pop Culture Wars: Religion and the Role of Entertainment in American Life|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=D41LAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2006|publisher=Wipf and Stock|location=Eugene, OR|isbn=978-1-59752-577-0|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Rosen|first=Craig|title=The Billboard Book of Number One Albums|year=1996|publisher=Billboard Books|isbn=978-0-8230-7586-7|ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal|last=Scapelliti|first=Christopher|title=The Making of ''Sgt. Pepper'': Rock's Big Bang|journal=[[Guitar World]] |volume=28|issue=6|date=June 2007|url=|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Sheff|first=David|authorlink=David Sheff|editor1-last=Golson|editor1-first=G. Barry|year=1981|edition=2000|title=All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono|publisher=St Martin's Griffin|isbn=978-0-312-25464-3|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=HL7X-YyrINUC}}|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Simonelli|first=David|title=Working Class Heroes: Rock Music and British Society in the 1960s and 1970s|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=mnrwy7P3KvQC&dq=%22jack+Kroll%22+%22A+Day+in+the+Life%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s|year=2013|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-7391-7051-9|ref=harv}}

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* {{cite book|last=Wagner|first=Naphtali|year=2008|chapter= The Beatles' psycheclassical synthesis: psychedelic classicism and classical psychedelia in ''Sgt. Pepper''|title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Olivier|location=|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vZ-SB57WBo8C}}|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Wiener |first=Allen J.|year=1992 | title=The Beatles: The Ultimate Recording Guide |publisher= Checkmark Books |isbn=978-0816025114 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Whiteley|first=Sheila|year=2008|chapter= 'Tangerine trees and marmalade skies': cultural agendas or optimistic escapism? |title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Olivier|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7|ref=harv|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vZ-SB57WBo8C}}}}

* {{cite book|last=Womack|first=Kenneth|year=2014|title=The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn= 978-0-313-39171-2|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Womack|first=Kenneth|year=2018|title=Sound Pictures: The Life of Beatles Producer George Martin – The Later Years, 1966–2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qghODwAAQBAJ|publisher=Chicago Review Press|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=978-0-912777-74-0|ref=harv}}