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{{kegunaanlain|Kumpai}}
{{Infobox spesies
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Huperzia selago.jpg
| image_caption = ''Huperzia selago'' di Austria
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}}
[[Berkas:Huperzia phlegmaria (Lycopodiaceae) detail.jpg|jmpl|230px|[[Kumpai rantai]] (''Huperzia phlegmaria'')]]
'''Kumpai''' (dari [[bahasa Sunda]])<ref>Kamus Basa Sunda: [http://sasieureun-sabeunyeureun-pikeun-sunda.blogspot.com/2013/07/kamus-basa-sunda-kum-kunci.html ''Kum - Kunci'']</ref> adalah [[tumbuhan paku]] dari divisio [[Lycopodiophyta]] yang kebanyakan tumbuh secara [[epifit]]. Kumpai adalah anggota [[familia|suku]] [[Lycopodiaceae]], sebagai '''anaksuku Huperzioideae''' (menurut [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group|PPG I]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=PPG I|date=2016|title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jse.12229|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=54|issue=6|pages=563-603|doi=10.1111/jse.12229}}</ref>) atau marga '''''Huperzia''''' arti luas (''sensu lato''). Dalam sumber-sumber lama dipada era pra-molekular, kumpai merupakan bagian dari marga ''[[Lycopodium]].'' Penjelasan lebih lanjut diberikan di bagian Taksonomi.
 
Beberapa anggotanya adalah tanaman hias gantung populer, seperti kumpai lubang (kumpai tali atau kumpai ekor tikus, ''[[Huperzia carinata]]''), kumpai picisan (''[[Huperzia nummularifolia]]''), kumpai ekor monyet (''[[Huperzia squarrosa]]'') dan kumpai rantai (''[[Huperzia phlegmaria]]'').
Baris 21:
Genus ''Huperzia'' diperkenalkan oleh [[Johann Jakob Bernhardi]] pada tahun 1801. Bernhardi memisahkan ''Huperzia'' dari ''Lycopodium'' . [[Spesies tipe]]nya adalah ''Lycopodium selago'' yang menjadi ''[[Huperzia selago]]'' .Pada klasifikasi menurut [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group]] (PPG I) (2016), ''Huperzia'' ditempatkan ke dalam anaksuku [[Huperzioideae]] dari suku [[Lycopodiaceae]].<ref name=PPGI/> Studi [[filogenetik]] yang dilakukan Field et al. (2016), yang didasarkan pada data molekular dan morfologi, mencapai kesimpulan bahwa pilihan satu genus (''Huperzia'' s.l.) maupun pembagian dalam tiga genus (''Huperzia'' s.s., ''[[Phlegmariurus]]'', dan ''[[Phylloglossum]]'') dapat diterima.<ref name=FielTestBostHolt16/>
{{clade
|label1=[[Huperzioideae]] (''Huperzia'' ''sensu lato'', dipakai untuk artikel ini)
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Phylloglossum]]''
|2=''Huperzia'' (arti sempit, ''sensu stricto'')
}}
|2=''[[Phlegmariurus]]''
}}}}
Banyak dari jenis yang sebelumnya ditempatkan didalam ''Huperzia yang'' didefinisikan secaraarti luas termasukdimasukkan dalam ''Phlegmariurus.'' . Sebelumnya, ''Flora Amerikaof North UtaraAmerica'' juga telah memisahkan ''Huperzia'' dari ''Phegmariurus'' . Namun, ''Phlegmariurus'' sebenarnya secara morfologi sulit untuk dipisahkandibedakan secaradari morfologis,''Huperzia'' dansehingga yangada lainpenulis yang lebih menyukai divisipengelompokan dalam satu genusmarga dari subfamili''Huperzia''.  
 
=== Jenis ===
Baris 99:
*''[[Huperzia acuta]]'' <small>(Rolleri) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus acutus]]'' <small>(Rolleri) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia affinis]]'' <small>(Trevis.) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus affinis]]'' <small>(Trevis.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia afromontana]]'' <small>Pic. Serm.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus afromontanus]]'' <small>(Pic. Serm.) A.R.Field & Bostock comb. nov.</small>
* ''[[Huperzia ambrensisaloifolia]]'' <small>(RakotondrHook.) A.R.Field & BauretGrev.) Trevis.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus ambrensisaloifolius]]'' <small>(RakotondrHook. & Grev.) A.R.Field & BauretBostock comb. nov.</small>
*''[[Huperzia amentaceaambrensis]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.) B.ØllgRakotondr.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus amentaceusambrensis]]'' <small>(B.ØllgRakotondr.) BA.ØllgR.Field & Bauret</small>
*''[[Huperzia andinaamentacea]]'' <small>(Rosenst.) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus andinusamentaceus]]'' <small>(RosenstB.Øllg.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia apolinari-mariaeandina]]'' <small>(Nessel) comb. inedRosenst.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus apolinari-mariaeandinus]]'' <small>(NesselRosenst.) combB. inedØllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia aqualupianaapolinari-mariae]]'' <small>(Spring) B.Øllg.Nessel</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus aqualupianusapolinari-mariae]]'' <small>(SpringNessel) Bcomb.Øllg ined.</small>
*''[[Huperzia arcturiaqualupiana]]'' <small>(Herter) B.Øllg.Spring</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus arcturiaqualupianus]]'' <small>(HerterSpring) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia arcuataarcturi]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.) B.Øllg.Herter</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus arcuatusarcturi]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.Herter) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia aristeiarcuata]]'' <small>(Nessel) combB. inedØllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus aristeiarcuatus]]'' <small>(NesselB.Øllg.) combB. inedØllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia ascendensaristei]]'' <small>(Nessel) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus ascendensaristei]]'' <small>(Nessel) Bcomb.Øllg ined.</small>
*''[[Huperzia attenuataascendens]]'' <small>(Spring) B.Øllg.Nessel</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus attenuatusascendens]]'' <small>(SpringNessel) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia australisattenuata]]'' <small>(Willd.) A.R.FieldSpring</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus australisattenuatus]]'' <small>(Willd.Spring) AB.RØllg.Field</small>
*''[[Huperzia austroecuadoricaaustralis]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.) B.ØllgWilld.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus austroecuadoricusaustralis]]'' <small>(B.ØllgWilld.) BA.ØllgR.Field</small>
*''[[Huperzia austrosinicaaustroecuadorica]]'' <small>(Ching) Li Bing ZhangB.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus austrosinicusaustroecuadoricus]]'' <small>(ChingB.Øllg.) Li Bing ZhangB.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia axillarisaustrosinica]]'' <small>(Roxb.Ching) comb. ined.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus axillarisaustrosinicus]]'' <small>(Roxb.Ching) comb.Li Bing ined.Zhang</small>
*''[[Huperzia badinianaaxillaris]]'' <small>(B.Øllg. & P.G.Windisch) B.ØllgRoxb.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus badinianusaxillaris]]'' <small>(B.ØllgRoxb.) & Pcomb.G.Windisch) B.Øllgined.</small>
*''[[Huperzia balansaebadiniana]]'' <small>(Herter) AB.RØllg.Field & BostockP.G.Windisch</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus balansaebadinianus]]'' <small>(Herter) AB.RØllg.Field & BostockP.G.Windisch) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia bampsianabalansae]]'' <small>(Pic. Serm.Herter) A.R.Field & BostockHolub</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus bampsianusbalansae]]'' <small>(Pic. Serm.Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia banayanicabampsiana]]'' <small>(Herter) APic.RSerm.Field & Bostock</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus banayanicusbampsianus]]'' <small>(HerterPic. Serm.) A.R.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia beitelianabanayanica]]'' <small>(MickelHerter) comb. ined.Holub</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus beitelianusbanayanicus]]'' <small>(MickelHerter) combA. inedR.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia beiteliibeiteliana]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.) B.Øllg.Mickel</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus beiteliibeitelianus]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.Mickel) Bcomb.Øllg ined.</small>
*''[[Huperzia biformisbeitelii]]'' <small>(Hook.) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus biformisbeitelii]]'' <small>(HookB.Øllg.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia binerviabiformis]]'' <small>(Herter) B.ØllgHook.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus binerviusbiformis]]'' <small>(HerterHook.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia bolanicabinervia]]'' <small>(Rosenst.Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus bolanicusbinervius]]'' <small>(Rosenst.Herter) AB.RØllg.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia brachiatabolanica]]'' <small>(MaxonRosenst.) B.Øllg.Holub</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus brachiatusbolanicus]]'' <small>(MaxonRosenst.) BA.ØllgR.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia brachystachysbrachiata]]'' <small>(Baker) A.R.Field & BostockMaxon</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus brachystachysbrachiatus]]'' <small>(BakerMaxon) AB.RØllg.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia bradeorumbrachystachys]]'' <small>(ChristBaker) BPic.ØllgSerm.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus bradeorumbrachystachys]]'' <small>(ChristBaker) BA.ØllgR.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia brassiibradeorum]]'' <small>(Copel.) A.R.Field & BostockChrist</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus brassiibradeorum]]'' <small>(Copel.Christ) AB.RØllg.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia brevifoliabrassii]]'' <small>(Hook. & GrevCopel.) B.Øllg.Holub</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus brevifoliusbrassii]]'' <small>(Hook. & GrevCopel.) BA.ØllgR.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia brongniartiibrevifolia]]'' <small>(Spring) BHook.Øllg & Grev.) </small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus brongniartiibrevifolius]]'' <small>(SpringHook. & Grev.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia buesiibrongniartii]]'' <small>(HerterSpring) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus buesiibrongniartii]]'' <small>(HerterSpring) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia callitrichifoliabuesii]]'' <small>(Mett.Herter) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus callitrichifoliusbuesii]]'' <small>(Mett.Herter) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia campianacallitrichifolia]]'' <small>(B.ØllgMett.) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus campianuscallitrichifolius]]'' <small>(B.ØllgMett.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia campiana]]'' <small>B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus campianus]]'' <small>(B.Øllg.) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia cancellata]]'' <small>(Spring) Ching</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus cancellatus]]'' <small>(Spring) Ching</small>
*''[[Huperzia capellae]]'' <small>(Herter) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus capellae]]'' <small>(Herter) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia capillaris]]'' <small>(Sodiro) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus capillaris]]'' <small>(Sodiro) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia carinata]]'' <small>(Desv. ex Poir.) ChingTrevis.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desv. ex Poir.) Ching</small>
*''[[Huperzia catacachiensis]]'' <small>(Nessel) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus catacachiensis]]'' <small>(Nessel) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia catharinae]]'' <small>(Christ) comb. ined.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus catharinae]]'' <small>(Christ) comb. ined.</small>
Baris 293 ⟶ 294:
*''[[Huperzia niligarica]]'' <small>(Spring) A.R.Field & Bostock</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus niligaricus]]'' <small>(Spring) A.R.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia nuda]]'' <small>(Christ ex Nessel & Hoehne) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus nudus]]'' <small>(Christ ex Nessel & Hoehne) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia nummularifolianummulariifolia]]'' <small>(Blume) ChingJermy</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus nummularifoliusnummulariifolius]]'' <small>(Blume) Ching</small>
*''[[Huperzia nutans]]'' <small>(Brack.) W.H.Wagner</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus nutans]]'' <small>(Brack.) W.H.Wagner</small>
*''[[Huperzia nyalamensis]]'' <small>(Ching & S.K.Wu) H.S.Kung & L.B.Zhang</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus nyalamensis]]'' <small>(Ching & S.K.Wu) H.S.Kung & L.B.Zhang</small>
Baris 313 ⟶ 314:
*''[[Huperzia perrieriana]]'' <small>(Tardieu) A.R.Field & Bostock</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus perrierianus]]'' <small>(Tardieu) A.R.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia pflanzii]]'' <small>(Nessel) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus pflanzii]]'' <small>(Nessel) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia phlegmaria]]'' <small>(L.) HolubRothm.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus phlegmaria]]'' <small>(L.) Holub</small>
*''[[Huperzia phlegmarioides]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) A.R.Field & Bostock</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus phlegmarioides]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) A.R.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia phylicifolia]]'' <small>(Desv. ex Poir.) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus phylicifolius]]'' <small>(Desv. ex Poir.) B.Øllg.</small>
Baris 371 ⟶ 372:
*''[[Huperzia sotae]]'' <small>(Rolleri) B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus sotae]]'' <small>(Rolleri) B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia sphagnicola]]'' <small>B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus sphagnicola]]'' <small>B.Øllg.</small>
*''[[Huperzia squarrosa]]'' <small>(G.Forst.) ÁTrevis. & D.Löve</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus squarrosus]]'' <small>(G.Forst.) Á. & D.Löve</small>
*''[[Huperzia staudtii]]'' <small>(Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus staudtii]]'' <small>(Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock</small>
*''[[Huperzia stemmermanniae]]'' <small>A.C.Medeiros & Wagner</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus stemmermanniae]]'' <small>A.C.Medeiros & Wagner</small>
*''[[Huperzia stephani]]'' <small>B.Øllg.</small> = ''[[Phlegmariurus stephani]]'' <small>B.Øllg.</small>
Baris 422 ⟶ 423:
 
== Distribusi dan habitat ==
Sesuai batasan dalam klasifikasi PPG I, ''Huperzia'' didistribusikan di habitat beriklim sedang, Arktik dan alpine, termasuk juga yang ada di pegunungan di Asia tropis. Spesiesnya terestrial atau epifit. ''Phlegmariurus'' adalah [[epifit]], dan memiliki distribusi tropis di seluruh dunia, sehingga ketika ''Huperzia'' didefinisikan secara luas untuk mencakup ketiga genera dari subfamili Huperzioideae, ia memiliki distribusi hampir di seluruh dunia, tidak ada terutama di Afrika Utara, Semenanjung Arab dan Asia Barat.
 
== Rujukan ==
 
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=CFLW_HupIPNI_30000333-2>{{Citationcitation |last1title=Hassler''Huperzia'' |first1=MichaelBernh. |last2work=Schmitt[[International |first2=BerndPlant Names Index|date=AprilThe 2020International |contribution=HuperziaPlant |title=WorldNames Ferns |at=8.30Index]] |url=https://worldplantswww.webarchivipni.kit.eduorg/fernsn/30000333-2 |accessdate=2020-09-16 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
 
<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 }}</ref>▼
<ref name=CFLW_Phl>{{Citation |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date=April 2020 |contribution=Phlegmariurus |title=World Ferns |at=8.30 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |accessdate=2020-09-16 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>▼
 
<ref name=FielTestBostHolt16>{{Citation |last1=Field |first1=Ashley R. |last2=Testo |first2=Weston |last3=Bostock |first3=Peter D. |last4=Holtum |first4=Joseph A. M. |last5=Waycott |first5=Michelle |date=2016 |title=Molecular phylogenetics and the morphology of the Lycopodiaceae subfamily Huperzioideae supports three genera: Huperzia, Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=94 |issue=Pt B |pages=635–657 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.024 |pmid=26493224 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
 
<ref name=FNACFLW_Hup>{{Citation |first1last1=Warren H.Hassler |last1first1=WagnerMichael Jr.|last2=Schmitt |first2=Joseph M.Bernd |last2date=BeitelApril 2020 |contribution=Huperzia |contribution-title=World Ferns |at=8.30 |url=httphttps://wwwworldplants.efloraswebarchiv.org/florataxonkit.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=115890edu/ferns/ |accessdate=2020-09-16 |name-list-style=amp |editorarchive-lastdate=Flora of North America Editorial Committee2017-09-02 |titlearchive-url=Flora of North America ''(online)''https://web.archive.org/web/20170902225743/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |publisherdead-url=eFloras.orgyes }}</ref>
 
▲<ref name=CFLW_Phl>{{Citation |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date=April 2020 |contribution=Phlegmariurus |title=World Ferns |at=8.30 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |accessdate=2020-09-16 |name-list-style=amp |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902225743/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
<ref name=IPNI_30000333-2>{{citation |title=''Huperzia'' Bernh. |work=[[International Plant Names Index|The International Plant Names Index]] |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/30000333-2 |accessdate=2020-09-16 }}</ref>▼
 
<ref name=FNA>{{Citation |first1=Warren H. |last1=Wagner Jr. |first2=Joseph M. |last2=Beitel |contribution=Huperzia |contribution-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=115890 |accessdate=2020-09-16 |name-list-style=amp |editor-last=Flora of North America Editorial Committee |title=Flora of North America ''(online)'' |publisher=eFloras.org }}</ref>
<ref name=POWO_30000333-2>{{citation |title=''Huperzia'' Bernh. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000333-2 |accessdate=2020-09-15 }}</ref>
 
▲<ref name=IPNI_30000333POWO_30000333-2>{{citation |title=''Huperzia'' Bernh. |work=[[InternationalPlants Plantof Namesthe Index|TheWorld InternationalOnline Plant|publisher=Royal NamesBotanic Index]]Gardens, Kew|url=httpshttp://www.ipniplantsoftheworldonline.org/ntaxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000333-2 |accessdate=2020-09-1615 }}</ref>
▲<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 }}</ref>
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2111150}}
 
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