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{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Elasmobranchii
| status =
| image = White shark.jpg▼
| status_system =
| image_caption = [[Hiu putih|Hiu putih<br>(''Carcharodon carcharias'')]]▼
| status_ref =
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Wenlock|Recent|earliest=Katian|ref=<ref name="Märss2001">{{cite journal |pages=693–701 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0693:ANCFTW]2.0.CO;2 |year=2001 |volume=21 |issue=4 |title=A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, the Canadian Arctic |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |last1=Märss |first1=Tiiu |last2=Gagnier |first2=Pierre-Yves }}</ref><!--A later fossil is described in: <ref name=K-T73>{{cite journal |last=Karatajūte |first=V. |year=1973 |title=''Elegestolepis grossi'' ge. et sp. nov., ein neues typ der placoidschuppe aus dem oberen Silur der Tuwa. |journal=Palaeontographica Abteilung A |volume=143 |pages=35–50}}</ref>-->}}
| status2 =
| taxon = Elasmobranchii▼
| status2_system =
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1838▼
| status2_ref =
| subdivision_ranks = Superorders▼
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Devon|Sekarang}}
| subdivision = ▼
▲| image = Great White sharkShark (14730719119).jpg
*[[Batoidea]]▼
▲| image_caption = [[Hiu putih|Hiu putih<br>(''Carcharodon carcharias'')]]
*[[Selachimorpha]]▼
| image2 = Atlantic mobula lisbon.jpg
}}▼
| image2_caption = ''Mobula mobular''
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| subregnum =
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| subphylum =
| superdivisio =
| divisio =
| superclassis =
| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]]
▲| taxonsubclassis = '''Elasmobranchii'''
| infraclassis =
| subterclassis =
| superordo =
| ordo =
| subordo =
| infraordo =
| zoosectio =
| superfamilia =
| familia =
| subfamilia =
| supertribus =
| tribus =
| subtribus =
| genus =
| species =
▲| authority = [[Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1838
| familia_authority =
| genus_authority =
| species_authority =
▲| subdivision_ranks = SuperordersSuperordo
▲| subdivision =
*
*[[Ctenacanthiformes]] (punah)
*[[Phoebodontiformes]] (punah)
*[[Xenacanthiformes]] (punah)
*Klad Euselachii
**[[Hybodontiformes]] (punah)
**Klad Neoselachii
▲***[[Pari|Batoidea]]
▲***[[Hiu|Selachimorpha]]
***[[Synechodontiformes]] (punah)
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
| range_map_alt =
| type_species =
| type_species_authority =
| synonyms =
| synonyms_ref =
▲}}
{{Quote box
|title =
|quote = [[File:Cetorhinus maximus by greg skomal.JPG|220px|center]] ElasmobranchsElasmobranch lacktidak mempunyai [[swimgelembung bladderrenang]]s, anddan maintainmenjaga buoyancyketerapungan withdengan oilminyak thatyang theydisimpan storedi in their livershatinya. Some deep sea sharksBeberapa arehiu targetedlaut bydalam fisheriesdiburu fornelayan thisuntuk [[SharkMinyak liverhati oilhiu|liverminyak oilhiu]], including thetermasuk [[schoolHiu shark|schoolsekolah]], [[gulperHiu shark|gulper]] anddan [[baskingHiu raksasa|Hiu sharkpenjemur]]s ''(pictured)''.<ref name=Vannuccini2002>Vannuccini, Stefania (2002) [http:/>/www.fao.org/docrep/005/x3690e/x3690e0r.htm AllShark threeliver ofoil theseproducts] species{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626203527/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x3690e/x3690e0r.htm |date=2013-06-26 }} In: ''Shark Utilization, Marketing and Trade'', Fisheries Technical paper 389, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN|92-5-104361-2}}.</ref> havetiga beenspesies assessedini bydigolongkan theoleh [[IUCN]] assebagai [[vulnerablespesies species|vulnerablerentan]] duekarena topenangkapan [[overfishing]]berlebihan.<ref name="iucn1">{{Cite iucn | author = Fowler, S.L. | title = ''Cetorhinus maximus'' | volume = 2005 | page = e.T4292A10763893 | date = 2005 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2005.RLTS.T4292A10763893.en }}</ref><ref name="iucn2">{{cite iucn |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39352/0 |title=Galeorhinus galeus (School shark) |date=2005-06-17 |accessdate=2013-03-26 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="iucn3">{{cite iucn|author=Guallart|display-authors=etal|year=2006|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39325/0|title=''Centrophorus granulosus''|access-date=11 May 2006|ref=harv}}</ref>
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Baris 21 ⟶ 71:
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[[File:Evolution of cartilaginous fishes.png|thumb|253px|right|<center>Radiation ofRadiasi elasmobranchs, based onberdasar [[Michael Benton]], 2005.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Benton |first1=Michael J. |title=Vertebrate Palaeontology |url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratepalaeo0000bent_4ed |date=2015 |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=9781118406847 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vertebratepalaeo0000bent_4ed/page/185 185] |edition=3rd |oclc=945675149 |language=English}}</ref></center>]]
 
'''Elasmobranchii''' ({{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˌ|l|æ|z|m|ə|ˈ|b|r|æ|ŋ|k|i|aɪ}}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|Elasmobranchii}}}}) adalah [[Kelas (biologi)|subkelas]] dari [[Chondrichthyes]] atau(Ikan ikanbertulang cartilaginousrawan), termasukdidalamnya terdiri dari ikan [[hiu]] (superordersuperordo Selachii''Selachiimorpha'') dan [[Batoidea|pariPari]], (termasuk [[skate (ikan)|skateSkate]], dan [[sawfishHiu gergaji]] dari famili [[Pristidae]]) (superordersuperordo ''Batoidea''). Anggota subkelas ini bercirikan mempunyai empat sampai tujuh pasang bukaan insang dipermukaan tubuh, [[Sirip perut]]sl yang kaku dan sisik kecil ([[placoid scale]]). Di bagian kepala biasanya terdapat ampula Lorenzini<ref>{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|pages=116|url-status=live}}</ref>▼
 
Fosil elasmobranchelasmobranchii termuda berasal dari masa [[Devonian]] sampai masa [[Cretaceous]], atau lebih awal. BanyskBanyak spesies punah pada masa [[Permian]] dan ada semburan [[Radiasi adaptasi]] pada jaman [[Jurassic]].▼
 
==Kutipan==
{{Quote box
|title =
|quote = From a practical point of view the life-history pattern of elasmobranchs makes this group of animals extremely susceptible to over fishing. It is no coincidence that the commercially exploited marine turtles and baleen whales, which have life-history patterns similar to the sharks, are also in trouble.<ref name=Hoenig1990>Hoenig, J.M. and Gruber, S.H. (1990) [http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr90opt.pdf "Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218135249/http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr90opt.pdf |date=2013-02-18 }} In: ''Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries'', eds. J. H. L. Pratt, S. H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi, US Department of Commerce, NOAA technical report NMFS 90, pp.1–16.</ref>
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Baris 33 ⟶ 89:
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==Referensi==
▲'''Elasmobranchii''' ({{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˌ|l|æ|z|m|ə|ˈ|b|r|æ|ŋ|k|i|aɪ}}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|Elasmobranchii}}}}) adalah [[Kelas (biologi)|subkelas]] dari [[Chondrichthyes]] atau ikan cartilaginous, termasuk [[hiu]] (superorder Selachii) dan [[Batoidea|pari]], [[skate (ikan)|skate]], dan [[sawfish]] (superorder Batoidea). Anggota subkelas ini bercirikan mempunyai empat sampai tujuh pasang bukaan insang dipermukaan tubuh, [[Sirip perut]]sl yang kaku dan sisik kecil ([[placoid scale]]).
{{reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q194257}}
 
[[Kategori:Elasmobranchii]]
▲Fosil elasmobranch termuda berasal dari masa [[Devonian]] sampai masa [[Cretaceous]], atau lebih awal. Banysk spesies punah pada masa [[Permian]] dan ada semburan [[Radiasi adaptasi]] pada jaman [[Jurassic]].
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Elasmobranchii"