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Revisi per 17 Oktober 2020 16.01 sunting Bkusmono (bicara \| kontrib) 3.869 suntingan Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 10 September 2024 14.54 sunting balikkan Mitgatvm Bot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 63.383 suntingan k Ganti ke automatic taxobox Tag: AWB
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Baris 1: {{Automatic taxobox \| name = Elasmobranchii \| status = \| image = White shark.jpg▼ \| status_system = \| image_caption = [[Hiu putih\|Hiu putih<br>(''Carcharodon carcharias'')]]▼ \| status_ref = \| fossil_range = {{Fossil range\|Wenlock\|Recent\|earliest=Katian\|ref=<ref name="Märss2001">{{cite journal \|pages=693–701 \|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0693:ANCFTW]2.0.CO;2 \|year=2001 \|volume=21 \|issue=4 \|title=A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, the Canadian Arctic \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|last1=Märss \|first1=Tiiu \|last2=Gagnier \|first2=Pierre-Yves }}</ref><!--A later fossil is described in: <ref name=K-T73>{{cite journal \|last=Karatajūte \|first=V. \|year=1973 \|title=''Elegestolepis grossi'' ge. et sp. nov., ein neues typ der placoidschuppe aus dem oberen Silur der Tuwa. \|journal=Palaeontographica Abteilung A \|volume=143 \|pages=35–50}}</ref>-->}} \| status2 = \| taxon = Elasmobranchii▼ \| status2_system = \| authority = [[Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte\|Bonaparte]], 1838▼ \| status2_ref = \| subdivision_ranks = Superorders▼ \| fossil_range = {{Fossil range\|Devon\|Sekarang}} \| subdivision = ▼ ▲\| image = Great White ~~shark~~Shark (14730719119).jpg [[Batoidea]]▼ ▲\| image_caption = ~~[[Hiu putih\|Hiu putih<br>(~~''Carcharodon carcharias''~~)]]~~ [[Selachimorpha]]▼ \| image2 = Atlantic mobula lisbon.jpg }}▼ \| image2_caption = ''Mobula mobular'' \| domain = [[Eukaryota]] \| regnum = [[Animalia]] \| subregnum = \| phylum = [[Chordata]] \| subphylum = \| superdivisio = \| divisio = \| superclassis = \| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]] ▲\| ~~taxon~~subclassis = '''Elasmobranchii''' \| infraclassis = \| subterclassis = \| superordo = \| ordo = \| subordo = \| infraordo = \| zoosectio = \| superfamilia = \| familia = \| subfamilia = \| supertribus = \| tribus = \| subtribus = \| genus = \| species = ▲\| authority = [[Charles Lucien ~~Jules Laurent~~ Bonaparte\|Bonaparte]], 1838 \| familia_authority = \| genus_authority = \| species_authority = ▲\| subdivision_ranks = ~~Superorders~~Superordo ▲\| subdivision = * [[Ctenacanthiformes]] (punah) [[Phoebodontiformes]] (punah) [[Xenacanthiformes]] (punah) Klad Euselachii [[Hybodontiformes]] (punah) Klad Neoselachii ▲*[[Pari\|Batoidea]] ▲[[Hiu\|Selachimorpha]] **[[Synechodontiformes]] (punah) \| range_map = \| range_map_caption = \| range_map_alt = \| type_species = \| type_species_authority = \| synonyms = \| synonyms_ref = ▲}} {{Quote box \|title = \|quote = [[File:Cetorhinus maximus by greg skomal.JPG\|220px\|center]] Elasmobranch tidak mempunyai [[~~swim~~gelembung ~~bladder~~renang]], dan menjaga keterapungan dengan minyak yang disimpan di hatinya. Beberapa hiu laut dalam diburu nelayan untuk [[Minyak hati hiu\|minyak hiu]], termasuk [[Hiu sekolah]], [[Hiu gulper]] dan [[Hiu raksasa\|Hiu penjemur]] ''(pictured)''.<ref name=Vannuccini2002>Vannuccini, Stefania (2002) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x3690e/x3690e0r.htm Shark liver oil products] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626203527/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x3690e/x3690e0r.htm \|date=2013-06-26 }} In: ''Shark Utilization, Marketing and Trade'', Fisheries Technical paper 389, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN\|92-5-104361-2}}.</ref> tiga spesies ini digolongkan oleh [[IUCN]] sebagai [[~~vulnerable~~spesies ~~species\|vulnerable~~rentan]] karena ~~pemancingan~~penangkapan berlebihan ~~( [[overfishing]])~~.<ref name="iucn1">{{Cite iucn \| author = Fowler, S.L. \| title = ''Cetorhinus maximus'' \| volume = 2005 \| page = e.T4292A10763893 \| date = 2005 \| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2005.RLTS.T4292A10763893.en }}</ref><ref name="iucn2">{{cite iucn \|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39352/0 \|title=Galeorhinus galeus (School shark) \|date=2005-06-17 \|accessdate=2013-03-26 }}{{Dead link\|date=December 2019 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="iucn3">{{cite iucn\|author=Guallart\|display-authors=etal\|year=2006\|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39325/0\|title=''Centrophorus granulosus''\|access-date=11 May 2006\|ref=harv}}</ref> \|source = \|align = left Baris 21 ⟶ 71: \|sstyle = }} [[File:Evolution of cartilaginous fishes.png\|thumb\|253px\|right\|<center>Radiasi elasmobranchs, berdasar [[Michael Benton]], 2005.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Benton \|first1=Michael J. \|title=Vertebrate Palaeontology \|url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratepalaeo0000bent_4ed \|date=2015 \|publisher=Blackwell \|isbn=9781118406847 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/vertebratepalaeo0000bent_4ed/page/185 185] \|edition=3rd \|oclc=945675149 \|language=English}}</ref></center>]] '''Elasmobranchii''' ({{IPAc-en\|ɪ\|ˌ\|l\|æ\|z\|m\|ə\|ˈ\|b\|r\|æ\|ŋ\|k\|i\|aɪ}}{{refn\|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary\|Elasmobranchii}}}}) adalah [[Kelas (biologi)\|subkelas]] dari [[Chondrichthyes]] ~~atau~~(Ikan ~~ikan~~bertulang ~~cartilaginous~~rawan), ~~termasuk~~didalamnya terdiri dari ikan [[hiu]] (~~superorder~~superordo ~~Selachii~~''Selachiimorpha'') dan [[Pari]], (termasuk [[skate (ikan)\|Skate]], dan [[Hiu gergaji]] dari famili [[Pristidae]]) (~~superorder~~superordo ''Batoidea''). Anggota subkelas ini bercirikan mempunyai empat sampai tujuh pasang bukaan insang dipermukaan tubuh, [[Sirip perut]] yang kaku dan sisik kecil ([[placoid scale]]). Di bagian kepala biasanya terdapat ampula Lorenzini<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Parker\|first=Sybil, P\|date=1984\|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology\|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company\|pages=116\|url-status=live}}</ref>▼ Fosil ~~elasmobranch~~elasmobranchii termuda berasal dari masa [[Devonian]] sampai masa [[Cretaceous]], atau lebih awal. ~~Banysk~~Banyak spesies punah pada masa [[Permian]] dan ada semburan [[Radiasi adaptasi]] pada jaman [[Jurassic]].▼ ▲'''Elasmobranchii''' ({{IPAc-en\|ɪ\|ˌ\|l\|æ\|z\|m\|ə\|ˈ\|b\|r\|æ\|ŋ\|k\|i\|aɪ}}{{refn\|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary\|Elasmobranchii}}}}) adalah [[Kelas (biologi)\|subkelas]] dari [[Chondrichthyes]] atau ikan cartilaginous, termasuk [[hiu]] (superorder Selachii) dan [[Pari]], [[skate (ikan)]], dan [[Hiu gergaji]] (superorder Batoidea). Anggota subkelas ini bercirikan mempunyai empat sampai tujuh pasang bukaan insang dipermukaan tubuh, [[Sirip perut]] yang kaku dan sisik kecil ([[placoid scale]]). ▲Fosil elasmobranch termuda berasal dari masa [[Devonian]] sampai masa [[Cretaceous]], atau lebih awal. Banysk spesies punah pada masa [[Permian]] dan ada semburan [[Radiasi adaptasi]] pada jaman [[Jurassic]]. ==Kutipan== {{Quote box \|title = \|quote = From a practical point of view the life-history pattern of elasmobranchs makes this group of animals extremely susceptible to over fishing. It is no coincidence that the commercially exploited marine turtles and baleen whales, which have life-history patterns similar to the sharks, are also in trouble.<ref name=Hoenig1990>Hoenig, J.M. and Gruber, S.H. (1990) [http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr90opt.pdf "Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218135249/http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr90opt.pdf \|date=2013-02-18 }} In: ''Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries'', eds. J. H. L. Pratt, S. H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi, US Department of Commerce, NOAA technical report NMFS 90, pp.1–16.</ref> \|source = \|align = centre Baris 41 ⟶ 90: ==Referensi== {{reflist}} {{Taxonbar\|from=Q194257}} [[Kategori:Elasmobranchii]]