Elasmobranchii: Perbedaan antara revisi

|quote = [[File:Cetorhinus maximus by greg skomal.JPG|220px|center]] Elasmobranch tidak mempunyai [[swimgelembung bladderrenang]], dan menjaga keterapungan dengan minyak yang disimpan di hatinya. Beberapa hiu laut dalam diburu nelayan untuk [[Minyak hati hiu|minyak hiu]], termasuk [[Hiu sekolah]], [[Hiu gulper]] dan [[Hiu raksasa|Hiu penjemur]] ''(pictured)''.<ref name=Vannuccini2002>Vannuccini, Stefania (2002) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x3690e/x3690e0r.htm Shark liver oil products] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626203527/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x3690e/x3690e0r.htm |date=2013-06-26 }} In: ''Shark Utilization, Marketing and Trade'', Fisheries Technical paper 389, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN|92-5-104361-2}}.</ref> tiga spesies ini digolongkan oleh [[IUCN]] sebagai [[vulnerablespesies species|vulnerablerentan]] karena pemancinganpenangkapan berlebihan ( [[overfishing]]).<ref name="iucn1">{{Cite iucn | author = Fowler, S.L. | title = ''Cetorhinus maximus'' | volume = 2005 | page = e.T4292A10763893 | date = 2005 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2005.RLTS.T4292A10763893.en }}</ref><ref name="iucn2">{{cite iucn |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39352/0 |title=Galeorhinus galeus (School shark) |date=2005-06-17 |accessdate=2013-03-26 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="iucn3">{{cite iucn|author=Guallart|display-authors=etal|year=2006|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39325/0|title=''Centrophorus granulosus''|access-date=11 May 2006|ref=harv}}</ref>

[[File:Evolution of cartilaginous fishes.png|thumb|253px|right|<center>Radiasi elasmobranchs, berdasar [[Michael Benton]], 2005.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Benton |first1=Michael J. |title=Vertebrate Palaeontology |url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratepalaeo0000bent_4ed |date=2015 |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=9781118406847 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vertebratepalaeo0000bent_4ed/page/185 185] |edition=3rd |oclc=945675149 |language=English}}</ref></center>]]

'''Elasmobranchii''' ({{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˌ|l|æ|z|m|ə|ˈ|b|r|æ|ŋ|k|i|aɪ}}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|Elasmobranchii}}}}) adalah [[Kelas (biologi)|subkelas]] dari [[Chondrichthyes]] atau(Ikan ikanbertulang cartilaginousrawan), termasukdidalamnya terdiri dari ikan [[hiu]] (superordersuperordo Selachii''Selachiimorpha'') dan [[Pari]], (termasuk [[skate (ikan)|Skate]], dan [[Hiu gergaji]] dari famili [[Pristidae]]) (superordersuperordo ''Batoidea''). Anggota subkelas ini bercirikan mempunyai empat sampai tujuh pasang bukaan insang dipermukaan tubuh, [[Sirip perut]] yang kaku dan sisik kecil ([[placoid scale]]). Di bagian kepala biasanya terdapat ampula Lorenzini<ref>{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|pages=116|url-status=live}}</ref>

Fosil elasmobranchelasmobranchii termuda berasal dari masa [[Devonian]] sampai masa [[Cretaceous]], atau lebih awal. BanyskBanyak spesies punah pada masa [[Permian]] dan ada semburan [[Radiasi adaptasi]] pada jaman [[Jurassic]].

|quote = From a practical point of view the life-history pattern of elasmobranchs makes this group of animals extremely susceptible to over fishing. It is no coincidence that the commercially exploited marine turtles and baleen whales, which have life-history patterns similar to the sharks, are also in trouble.<ref name=Hoenig1990>Hoenig, J.M. and Gruber, S.H. (1990) [http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr90opt.pdf "Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218135249/http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr90opt.pdf |date=2013-02-18 }} In: ''Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries'', eds. J. H. L. Pratt, S. H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi, US Department of Commerce, NOAA technical report NMFS 90, pp.1–16.</ref>