Orang Hurri: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
[[Berkas:Orientmitja2300aC.png|
'''Bangsa
== Sejarah ==
=== Zaman
Nama-nama
==== Urkesh ====
Lembah Sungai Khabur menjadi pusat tanah bangsa
=== Zaman Perunggu Akhir ===
==== Yamhad ====
Bangsa
==== Mitanni ====
{{Main|Mitanni}}
{{See|Superstratus India-Arya di Mitanni}}
Bangsa Hittit terus melakukan perluasan ke selatan setelah kekalahan [[Yamhad]]. Pasukan raja Hittit [[Mursili I]] berhasil memasuki [[Babilon]] dan menjarah kota itu. Penghancuran kerajaan Babilonia, selain juga kerajaan Yamhad, membantu bangkitnya dinasti
Beberapa teonim, nama, dan istilah Mitanni lainnya menunjukkan [[superstratus]] [[bahasa India-Arya|India-Arya]], mengindikasikan bahwa kelompok elit [[bangsa India-Arya|India-Arya]] berkuasa atas penduduk
Manfred Mayrhofer, 'Welches Material aus dem Indo-arischen von Mitanni verbleibt für eine selektive Darstellung?' In: E. Neu (Hrsh.), ''Investigationes philologicae et comparativae: Gedenkschrift für Heinz Kronasser'' (Wiesbaden, O. Harrassowitz 1982), 72-90.
Paul Thieme, ''The 'Aryan Gods' of the Mitanni Treaties'', Journal of the American Oriental Society 80, 301-317 (1960).
</ref>
==== Arrapha ====
Kerajaan
=== Keruntuhan Zaman Perunggu ===
Pada abad ketiga belas SM semua negara
== Kebudayaan dan masyarakat ==
{{main|Pustaka Nuzi}}
Pengetahuan tentang kebudayaan
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 36 ⟶ 37:
== Referensi ==
* [[Isaac Asimov|Asimov, Isaac]]. ''The Near East: 10,000 Years of History''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
* Chahin, M. ''The Kingdom of Armenia''. London and New York: Croom Helm, 1987. Reprint, New York: Dorset Press, 1991. Second, revised edition, as ''The Kingdom of Armenia: A History''. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2001. ISBN
* [[Igor Diakonov|Diakonov, Igor M.]], and [[Sergei Starostin]]. ''Hurro-Urartian as an Eastern Caucasian Language''. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft. Munich: R. Kitzinger, 1986. ISBN
* Duchesne-Guillemin, Marcelle. ''A Hurrian Musical Score from Ugarit: The Discovery of Mesopotamian Music''. Sources from the ancient near east, vol. 2, fasc. 2. Malibu, CA: Undena Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-89003-158-4
* Gelb, Ignace J. ''Hurrians and Subarians'', Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization No. 22. [[Chicago]]: University of Chicago Press, 1944.
* Gurney, O. R. "The Beginning of Civilization,"{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}<!--Publication information needed.-->.
* Güterbock, Hans Gustav. "Musical Notation in [[Ugarit]]". ''Revue d'Assyriologie'' 64 (1970): 45–52.
* Hawkes, Jacquetta, "The First Great Civilizations"{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}<!--Publication information needed.-->.
* Ivanov, Vyacheslav V., and Thomas Gamkrelidze. "The Early History of Indo-European Languages". ''Scientific American'' 262, no. 3, 110116, (March 1990):{{Page needed|date=March 2009}}
Baris 50 ⟶ 51:
* Kurkjian, Vahan M. ''A History of Armenia''. New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union, 1958.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred. ''Die Arier im Vorderen Orient—ein Mythos?''. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischer Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1974.
* Movsisyan, Artak Erjaniki. ''The Sacred Highlands: Armenia in the Spiritual Geography of the Ancient Near East''. Yerevan: Yerevan University Publishers, 2004. ISBN
* Nersessian, Hovick. ''Highlands of Armenia''. Los Angeles, 2000.
* Speiser, E. A. "Introduction to Hurrians," {{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}<!--Publication information needed.-->.
Baris 57 ⟶ 58:
* Wilhelm, Gernot. ''The Hurrians''. Aris & Philips Warminster, 1989.
* Wilhelm, Gernot (ed.). ''Nuzi at seventy-five (Studies in the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians)''. Bethesda: Capital Decisions, Ltd., 1999.
* Wegner, Ilse. ''Einführung in die hurritische Sprache'', 2. überarbeitete Aufl. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007. ISBN
* West, M[artin] L[itchfield]. "The Babylonian Musical Notation and the Hurrian Melodic Texts". ''Music and Letters'' 75, no. 2 (May 1994): 161–79.
* Wulstan, David. "The Tuning of the Babylonian Harp", ''Iraq'' 30 (1968): 215–28.
Baris 64 ⟶ 65:
{{Commonscat|Hurrians}}
* [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/pies/pdfs/IESV/1/VVI_Horse.pdf Vyacheslav V. Ivanov, "Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Indo-European, and Northern Caucasian" discusses the difficulties and disagreements faced by linguists working in this area, the term [[Alarodian]] being created especially for the Hurro-Urartian-Nakh-Avar languages as a family.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055244/http://www.nostratic.ru/books/(432)bomhard-hurrian.pdf The Indo-European Elements in Hurrian]
* [http://www.lib.washington.edu/neareast/anatolia/h&churrian.html A bibliography on Hurrian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127054031/http://www.lib.washington.edu/neareast/anatolia/h%26churrian.html |date=2009-01-27 }}
* [http://www.lib.washington.edu/neareast/anatolia/h&curartian.html A bibliography on Urartian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127054036/http://www.lib.washington.edu/neareast/anatolia/h%26curartian.html |date=2009-01-27 }}
* [http://history-world.org/hurrians.htm The Rise of the Hurrians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527052849/http://history-world.org/hurrians.htm |date=2011-05-27 }} (full text by Robert Antonio)
* [
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/home.html Vahan Kurkjian, "History of Armenia", Michigan, 1968, "The Hurri-Mitanni kingdom of Armenia"]
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