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Baris 1:
'''''Blancan North American Stage''''' pada
Blancan dianggap sebagai dimulainya awal-pertengahan [[Pliosen]] dan akhir dari awal [[Pleistosen]].<ref name = lundeliusetal1987 />
== Masalah Tarikh ==
Tanggal dimulainya Blancan masih belum sepenuhnya didirikan. Terdapat persetujuan umum bahwa tanggalnya sekitar 4.9<ref>Lindsay ''et al.'' (2002)</ref> dan 4.3 juta tahun yang lalu ("mya").<ref>Cassiliano (1999)</ref> Database GeoWhen yang sering dikutip menempatkannya pada 4.75 mya.<ref name="GeoWhen"/>
Lebih kuat lagi ketidakcocokan mengenai akhir zaman Blancan. Sejumlah [[Stratigraphy|stratigrapher]] mengusulkan tarikh 1,808 mya yang lebih bersesuaian dengan akhir zaman [[Pliocene]] dan permulaan [[Pleistosen]] (1,808 mya). Ini juga selaras dengan tarikh kepunahah kumpulan fauna ''[[Borophagus]]'', ''[[Hypolagus]]'', ''[[Paenemarmota]]'', ''[[Plesippus]]'', ''[[Nannippus]]'', and ''[[Rhynchotherium]]'' antara 2,2 dan 1,8 mya.<ref name="lundeliusetal1987">Lundelius, E.L. Jr. ''et al.'' (1987): The North American Quaternary Sequence. ''In:'' Woodburne, Michael O. (ed.): ''Cenozoic mammals of North America: geochronology and biostratigraphy'': 211–235. University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN 0-520-05392-3</ref> Ahli [[paleontologi]] lain menemukan keberlangsungan [[faunal assemblage|kumpulan fauna]] itu jauh ke dalam zaman Pleistosen, dan mengusulkan tarikh akhir 1,2 mya. Ini selaras dengan tarikh kepunahan [[stegomastodon]] dan [[spesies]] terkait serta kemunculan [[mammoth]] di bagian selatan [[Amerika Utara]].<ref name= Tedford >{{cite journal|author=Tedford, Richard H.|year=1981|title= Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|volume=92|issue=12|pages= 1008–1022|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<1008:MBOTLC>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
==
* {{aut|Cassiliano, Michael L.}} (1999): Biostratigraphy of Blancan and Irvingtonian mammals in the Fish Creek–Vallecito Creek section, southern California, and a review of the Blancan-Irvingtonian boundary. ''[[Society of Vertebrate Paleontology|J. Vertebr. Paleontol.]]'' '''19'''(1): 169–186.
* {{aut|Feduccia, J. Alan}} (1970): Some birds of prey from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas. ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' '''87'''(4): 795-797. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v087n04/p0795-p0797.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111215/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v087n04/p0795-p0797.pdf |date=2011-06-06 }}
* {{aut|Lindsay, Everett ''et al.''}} (2002): Recognition of the Hemphillian/Blancan boundary in Nevada. ''[[Society of Vertebrate Paleontology|J. Vertebr. Paleontol.]]'' '''22'''(2): 429–442.
* {{aut|Lourens, L. ''et al.''}} (2004): The Neogene Period. ''In:'' {{aut|Gradstein, F.; Ogg, J. & Smith, A.G. (eds.)}}: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004''. [[Cambridge University Press]].
* {{aut|Lundelius, E.L. Jr. ''et al.''}} (1987): The North American Quaternary Sequence. ''In:'' {{aut|Woodburne, Michael O. (ed.)}}: ''Cenozoic mammals of North America: geochronology and biostratigraphy'': 211–235. [[University of California Press]], Berkeley.
* {{aut|Morgan, Gary S. & Lucas, Spencer G.}} (2003): Mammalian Biochronology of Blancan and Irvingtonian (Pliocene and Early Pleistocene) Faunas from [[New Mexico]]. ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' '''279''': 269–320. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/447/15/B279a12.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705202124/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/447/15/B279a12.pdf |date=2007-07-05 }}
* {{aut|Tedford, Richard H.}} (1981): Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico. ''Geological Society of America Bulletin'' '''92'''(12): 1008–1022.
* {{aut|[[Alexander Wetmore|Wetmore, Alexander]]}} (1937): The Eared Grebe and other Birds from the Pliocene of Kansas. ''[[Condor (journal)|Condor]]'' '''39'''(1): 40. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v039n01/p0040-p0040.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625212753/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v039n01/p0040-p0040.pdf |date=2008-06-25 }} [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/DJVU/v039n01/P0040-P0040.djvu DjVu fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606141838/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/DJVU/v039n01/P0040-P0040.djvu |date=2011-06-06 }}
* {{aut|Woodburne, Michael O. & Swisher, C.C. III}} (1995): Land mammal high-resolution geochronology, intercontinental overland dispersals, sea level, climate, and vicariance. ''Society for Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy Special Publications'' '''54''': 335–364.
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