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Baris 1: '''''Blancan North American Stage''''' pada skala waktu geologi adalah zaman sekitar 4.750.000 sampai 1.808.000 juta [[~~:en:~~Before Present\|BP]].<ref name="GeoWhen">[http://www.stratigraphy.org/geowhen/stages/Blancan.html GeoWhen Database - Blancan]. Version 1.1.0. Retrieved 2007-NOV-09.</ref> Blancan dianggap sebagai dimulainya awal-pertengahan [[Pliosen]] dan akhir dari awal [[Pleistosen]].<ref name = lundeliusetal1987 /> Blancan dilanjutkan oleh [[Hemphillian]]. Baris 6: Tanggal dimulainya Blancan masih belum sepenuhnya didirikan. Terdapat persetujuan umum bahwa tanggalnya sekitar 4.9<ref>Lindsay ''et al.'' (2002)</ref> dan 4.3 juta tahun yang lalu ("mya").<ref>Cassiliano (1999)</ref> Database GeoWhen yang sering dikutip menempatkannya pada 4.75 mya.<ref name="GeoWhen"/> Lebih kuat lagi ketidakcocokan mengenai akhir zaman Blancan. Sejumlah [[~~:en:~~Stratigraphy\|stratigrapher]] mengusulkan tarikh 1,808 mya yang lebih bersesuaian dengan akhir zaman [[Pliocene]] dan permulaan [[Pleistosen]] (1,808 mya). Ini juga selaras dengan tarikh kepunahah kumpulan fauna ''[[Borophagus]]'', ''[[Hypolagus]]'', ''[[Paenemarmota]]'', ''[[Plesippus]]'', ''[[Nannippus]]'', and ''[[Rhynchotherium]]'' antara 2,2 dan 1,8 mya.<ref name = "lundeliusetal1987">Lundelius, E.L. Jr. ''et al.'' (1987): The North American Quaternary Sequence. ''In:'' Woodburne, Michael O. (ed.): ''Cenozoic mammals of North America: geochronology and biostratigraphy'': 211–235. University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN 0-520-05392-3</ref> Ahli [[paleontologi]] lain menemukan keberlangsungan [[~~:en:~~faunal assemblage\|kumpulan fauna]] itu jauh ke dalam zaman Pleistosen, dan mengusulkan tarikh akhir 1,2 mya. Ini selaras dengan tarikh kepunahan [[stegomastodon]] dan [[spesies]] terkait serta kemunculan [[mammoth]] di bagian selatan [[Amerika Utara]].<ref name= Tedford >{{cite journal\|author=Tedford, Richard H.\|year=1981\|title= Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico\|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin\|volume=92\|issue=12\|pages= 1008–1022\|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<1008:MBOTLC>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> == Referensi == Baris 15: * {{aut\|Feduccia, J. Alan}} (1970): Some birds of prey from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas. ''[[Auk (journal)\|Auk]]'' '''87'''(4): 795-797. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v087n04/p0795-p0797.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111215/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v087n04/p0795-p0797.pdf \|date=2011-06-06 }} * {{aut\|Lindsay, Everett ''et al.''}} (2002): Recognition of the Hemphillian/Blancan boundary in Nevada. ''[[Society of Vertebrate Paleontology\|J. Vertebr. Paleontol.]]'' '''22'''(2): 429–442.<small>[[Digital Object Identifier\|DOI]]:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0429:ROTHBB]2.0.CO;2</small> [http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1671%2F0272-4634(2002)022%5B0429%3AROTHBB%5D2.0.CO%3B2 HTML abstract] * {{aut\|Lourens, L. ''et al.''}} (2004): The Neogene Period. ''In:'' {{aut\|Gradstein, F.; Ogg, J. & Smith, A.G. (eds.)}}: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004''. [[Cambridge University Press]].<small>ISBN 0-521-78142-6</small> * {{aut\|Lundelius, E.L. Jr. ''et al.''}} (1987): The North American Quaternary Sequence. ''In:'' {{aut\|Woodburne, Michael O. (ed.)}}: ''Cenozoic mammals of North America: geochronology and biostratigraphy'': 211–235. [[University of California Press]], Berkeley.<small>ISBN 0-520-05392-3</small> * {{aut\|Morgan, Gary S. & Lucas, Spencer G.}} (2003): Mammalian Biochronology of Blancan and Irvingtonian (Pliocene and Early Pleistocene) Faunas from [[New Mexico]]. ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' '''279''': 269–320. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/447/15/B279a12.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705202124/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/447/15/B279a12.pdf \|date=2007-07-05 }} * {{aut\|Tedford, Richard H.}} (1981): Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico. ''Geological Society of America Bulletin'' '''92'''(12): 1008–1022.<small>[[Digital Object Identifier\|DOI]]:10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<1008:MBOTLC>2.0.CO;2</small> [http://www.gsajournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1130%2F0016-7606%281981%2992%3C1008%3AMBOTLC%3E2.0.CO%3B2 HTML abstract] * {{aut\|[[Alexander Wetmore\|Wetmore, Alexander]]}} (1937): The Eared Grebe and other Birds from the Pliocene of Kansas. ''[[Condor (journal)\|Condor]]'' '''39'''(1): 40. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v039n01/p0040-p0040.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625212753/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v039n01/p0040-p0040.pdf \|date=2008-06-25 }} [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/DJVU/v039n01/P0040-P0040.djvu DjVu fulltext] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606141838/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/DJVU/v039n01/P0040-P0040.djvu \|date=2011-06-06 }} * {{aut\|Woodburne, Michael O. & Swisher, C.C. III}} (1995): Land mammal high-resolution geochronology, intercontinental overland dispersals, sea level, climate, and vicariance. ''Society for Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy Special Publications'' '''54''': 335–364.<small>ISBN 1-56576-024-7</small> [[Kategori:Era Pliosen]] [[Kategori:Era Plestosen]]