Persekutuan Advent Hari Ketujuh Davidian: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Persekutuan Advent Hari Ketujuh Davidian''' dimulai oleh [[Victor T. Houteff]]. Dari awal terbentuknya pada tahun [[1930-an]], persekutuan ini mewarisi pandangan [[apokaliptisisme]], yang membuat mereka percaya bahwa mereka hidup di suatu zaman di mana nubuat-nubuat Kristen tentang penghakiman ilahi yang terakhir akan segera terjadi. Mereka menjadi sangat terkenal karena pengepungan pada 1993 atas Mount Carmel Center (Pusat Gunung Karmel) dekat [[Waco]], [[Texas]], oleh agen-agen [[BATF]] (Biro Alkohol, Tembakau, dan Senjata) dan [[FBI]].
== Sejarah ==
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{{lihatpula|Ranting Daud}}
Dengan tanpa diduga, V.T. Houteff meninggal pada tanggal 5 Februari 1955. Florence Houteff mengambil alih pimpinan sebagai ketua dari Davidian. Di bawah pimpinan Florence, Davidian mengumumkan kepada umum bahwa akhir nubuatan 1260 hari sebagaimana yang tertulis dalam Wahyu 11 berakhir pada tanggal 22 April 1959, pada waktu itu Tuhan akan meletakkan kerajaan Daud di Palestina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.americanatheist.org/win96-7/T2/prophesyfail.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2007-11-20 |archive-date=2007-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824235323/http://www.americanatheist.org/win96-7/T2/prophesyfail.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Menyambut panggilan ini, banyak pengikut Davidian berkumpul di Waco, Texas, pada tangal 16-22 April 1959, siap untuk berangkat ke Palestina begitu ada pimpinan Allah.
Beberapa ratus orang yang menunggu sangat kecewa, bingung dan malu. Banyak yang kembali ke gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh.<ref name=houteff>http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-702024/Florence-Houteff</ref>
Florence Houteff dengan wakil-wakilnya mengakui secara umum dan dengan cetakan terbuka pada tanggal 12 Desember 1961, dan 16 Januari 1962 bahwa Gerakan Davidian dan ajarannya tidak beralasan. Akhirnya pada tanggal 11 Maret 1962, mereka mengundurkan diri dari kepengurusan, membubarkan kelompok Davidian, dan menutup pusat Gunung Karmel.<ref name=houteff/>
Setelah peristiwa ini beberapa kelompok pecahan Davidian, dan masing-masing memperebutkan Pusat Gunung Karmel di Waco. Salah satu pecahan yang disebut "Branch Davidian," adalah yang dipimpin oleh Benjamin Roden, dan kelompok ini berkembang menjadi bidat, oleh sebab ajarannya lebih menyimpang dari Alkitab. Salah satu keyakinan mereka ialah bahwa pemimpin Davidian adalah sama seperti Raja Daud dan Yesus Kristus. Benjamin Roden mengaku sebagai yang dilambangkan sebagai Daud.<ref>http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Benjamin_L._Roden</ref>
Tahun 1978 ia meninggal dan istrinya Lois Roden mengambil pucuk pimpinan. Ia mengajarkan satu ajaran yang lain, yaitu Roh Suci adalah bagian betina dari Keilahian. Ia mulai mencetak majalah dengan nama shekinah, dengan penekanan kepada "she". Ia juga mempromosikan pengurapan wanita.<ref name=samples>Kenneth Samples, Erwin de Castro, Richard Abanes, and Robert Lyle, "'''Prophets of the Apocalypse'''",(Baker Books, Grand Rapids, MI, 1994</ref>
Pada tahun 1981, Vernon Howel bergabung dengan kelompok ini, dan setelah merebut kepemimpinan dari Lois Roden dan George Roden (anak dari Benjamin Roden), dengan kekerasan senjata, akhirnya Vernon Howel memimpin kelompok Davidian. Ia menggantikan namanya dengan David Koresh, dengan mengatakan bahwa ia adalah yang dilambangkan sebagai Daud, dan juga raja Koresh, ia akan membangun kembali kota Yerusalem. Ia juga mengatakan sebagai jelmaan dari Yesus Kristus. Apa yang terjadi dengan David Koresh dan pertumpahan darah di Waco, umumnya telah diketahui oleh dunia.<ref name=samples/>
Di samping "Ranting Daud," dengan kelompok David Koresh yang menggemparkan dunia, beberapa pengikut Victor Houteff terpecah dalam beberapa kelompok. Tiga di antaranya yang berpusat di Bashan Hill (Exeter, Missouri), Salem (South Carolina) dan Waco (Texas). Kelompok yang berpusat dari Waco adalah pecahan dari Salem, yang untuk tahun 1997 dipimpin oleh Norman Archer. Kelompok ini melakukan banyak kegiatan di Amerika Serikat, Kepulauan Carrabean, Inggris dan Swedia dan banyak bergerak di kalangan orang berkulit hitam asal Jamaica. Kelompok ini juga yang melebarkan sayapnya ke Filipina dan Indonesia. Kelompok di Indonesia yang semula berkiblat ke Salem, sekarang berkiblat ke Waco.<ref>http://www.apologeticsindex.org/b10.html</ref>
== Ajaran ==
=== Nubuatan ===
Mereka percaya bahwa mereka adalah orang-orang pilihan Tuhan pada zaman akhir. Oleh karena itu mereka percaya untuk memperlengkapi misi mereka Tuhan akan mengirimkan seorang nabi yang akan menuntun mereka. Ada 5 nabi yang mereka percaya: Ellen White, Victor Houteff, Ben Roden, Lois Roden dan David Koresh. Tidak semua nabi tersebut penganut persekutuan Davidian.
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Branch Davidians believe God is guiding his Church into more and more truth. They trace this back to the Reformation, with Martin Luther beginning this journey: he was succeeded by Knox, Wesley, Campbell, Miller, then the Seventh-day Adventists, then the Davidian Adventists and finally the Branch Davidians. The Branch Davidian view of Doctrine is therefore very dynamic and evolutionary - they are constantly expecting "New Light" to be shown by God to his/her people. The prophets are the means by which God reveals New Light, but this is always by drawing out the real meaning of texts from the Bible. Hence a prophet does not simply announce a new teaching, it always has to be shown to be what the Bible has taught all along, but people have been "blinded" to.
True Believers are not therefore those who are morally good - Branch Davidians believe that the Bible teaches that no one can be perfect - but those who believe "Present Truth" (the latest teachings from God). It is by constantly following the new teachings from God that the believer will be saved.
=== Hari Kiamat ===
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The Bible is full of prophecy. Right at creation God prophecies what will happen if Adam or Eve eat from the Tree of Knowledge (Gen 2:17), at the Fall he prophecies again (Gen 3:14-19), and this continues throughout the Old Testament - in the Law, in the Psalms and of course particularly in the Prophets. In the New Testament we constantly hear that Jesus acts "that it might be fulfilled" (e.g. Matt 2:17) - does this mean that all Old Testament prophecy is fulfilled in Jesus? No, because the New Testament also speaks of prophecy being fulfilled at the end of time - prior to the Second Coming (e.g. Matt 24, 2 Thess 2:3), and itself contains a complete book of prophecy - the Revelation of Jesus Christ, the last book of the Bible. Branch Davidians believe the Bible teaches that these prophecies referring to the Second Coming have been "sealed" or locked up, until the end time. It is because we are now in the end time that Branch Davidians believe God is now revealing him/her self again, and the mark of God's chosen people is that they have this new revelation from God. Thus the New Light is being given because we are in the end time, the New Light is God's final revelation to humanity.
=== Tujuh Meterai ===
Branch Davidians believe God has two revelations to humanity - one in Jesus Christ and one at the end of time. This corresponds to the "daily" sacrifices prescribed in the Old Testament, and the two sacrifices as part of the Day of Atonement. The identity of the lamb at the end of time can be established as the one who is able to "unlock" or explain the Seven Seals of Revelation (these are a series of mysterious prophecies in the Book of Revelation). Because David Koresh was able to explain the Seven Seals, Branch Davidians claim he must be the second Messiah. Therefore they claim the US Government has murdered the Son of God.
The explanation of the Seven Seals is not a particular message or secret, rather it is a way of re-understanding the whole of the Bible. The Seven Seals are a hermeneutic, a way of finally understanding what the whole Bible means. Thus for example Jesus claims to be speaking in parables to continue to hide the truth (Matt 13:35-36) whereas the Seven Seals finally reveal God's truth in the Bible. This is why Koresh's "Seven Seals" Bible study broadcast during the seige actually only goes into any detail on the first seal - he is showing how the first seal explains the Psalms. The principle is the same for the other seals, but in particular applies to the Seventh Seal, which is the most important re-interpretation.
The Branch Davidian Web site contains the latest re-understanding of the New Light, seen from beyond the Seven Seals.
=== Sifat Koresh ===
Many people may be persuaded that the seals are worth investigation, but judge the Branch Davidians to be in error on the basis of David Koresh's behaviour - no one like that could be a Messiah.
A shown above, the saved are those who follow New Light, and this does not necessarily affect behaviour, however the Branch Davidians argue that truth comes from God, not the prophet or even the lamb. Jonah for example could never be said to be a good person - first he runs away from God, then he complains when those he was been teaching actually repent - yet God chose him and used him. Similarly the prophets themselves in the Old Testament exhibit bizarre behaviour, from marrying prostitutes to eating shit. One Branch Davidian document describes Koresh prior to his death as been "spiritually blinded" as Samson was prior to his death. It is also claimed that as part of God's second incarnation he should experience sin (as the "sinful sacrifice" in the Day of Atonement).
The point of all these arguments is that the teaching itself could be true, even whilst Koresh's behaviour was wrong.
=== Pengungkapan Terakhir ===
The latest revelations from the Branch Davidian web site (also published in a book, Hidden Manna: Branch Davidian Revelations) claim that the 2300 day prophecy from Daniel 8:14 may apply from Koresh's death on 19th April 1993 - in other words around 6.5 years after, which takes us to around the year 2000, when a "cleansing" will take place.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20010411045549/http://www.btinternet.com/~fountain/koresh/outline.html</ref>
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Texas]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.davidian.org/ Mt. Carmel Center, Salem SC (Adair)] looo
* [http://www.shepherds-rod-message.org/ DSDA association Mountaindale NY (Hibbert)]
* [http://www.shepherds-rod.org Shepherd's Rod Information Center NC]
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