Perciformes: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Automatic taxobox
| image = דקראים.jpg
|
| authority = [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1859
| subdivision_ranks = Subordo
| subdivision = Lihat teks
| fossil_range={{Fossil range|100.5|0}} Kapur Akhir-Saat ini
}}
'''Perciformes''', juga disebut Percomorphi atau Acanthopteri, adalah ordo terbesar [[vertebrata]], yang mengandung sekitar 41% dari semua [[Osteichtyes|ikan bertulang sejati]]. Perciformes berarti "seperti-[[perch|kerakap]]". Mereka termasuk dalam kelas [[Actinopterygii|ikan bersirip kipas]], dan terdiri dari lebih dari 10.000 spesies yang ditemukan di hampir semua ekosistem perairan.
Ordo ini berisi sekitar 160 familia, yang terbesar di antara ordo-ordo vertebrata.<ref name="nelson">{{Cite book
| edition = 4 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-0-471-25031-9 | last = Nelson | first = J. S. | title = [[Fishes of the World]] | location = Hoboken, NJ | date = 2006}}</ref>
== Taksonomi ==
Klasifikasi kelompok ikan dalam ordo ini masih menjadi perdebatan para ahli. Seperti yang didefinisikan secara tradisional sebelum pengenalan cladistics, Perciformes hampir pasti bersifat parafiletik. Ordo lain yang mungkin harus dimasukkan sebagai subordo dari ordo ini yaitu [[Scorpaeniformes]], [[Tetraodontiformes]], dan [[Pleuronectiformes]]. Dari subordo yang diakui saat ini beberapa di antaranya juga mungkin bersifat parafiletik. Kelompok di bawah ini dikelompokkan berdasarkan subordo/superfamili, umumnya mengikuti teks ''[[Fishes of the World]]''<ref name="nelson" /><ref>{{FishBase order |order=Perciformes|month=August |year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ADW: Perciformes|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Perciformes/classification/|work=animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu|publisher=Animal Diversity Web}}</ref><ref name = Nelson5/>:
=== Pengelompokan menurut Nelson (2015)<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=430–467 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |archive-date=2019-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ===
; Subordo Percoidei
;; Superfamili Percoidea
* [[Centropomidae]]
* [[Latidae]]
* [[Mojarra|Gerreidae]]
* [[Centrogenyidae]]
* [[Perciliidae]]
* [[Howellidae]]
* [[Acropomatidae]]
* [[Epigonidae]]
* [[Polyprionidae]]
* [[Lateolabracidae]]
* [[Mullidae]]
* [[Glaucosomatidae]]
* [[Pempheridae]]
* [[Oplegnathidae]]
* [[Kuhliidae]]
* [[Bathyclupeidae]]
* [[Ikan sumpit|Toxotidae]]
* [[Arripidae]]
* [[Dichistiidae]]
* [[Kyphosidae]]
* [[Terapontidae]]
* [[Percichthyidae]]
* [[Sinipercidae]]
* [[Enoplosidae]]
* [[Pentacerotidae]]
* [[Dinopercidae]]
* [[Banjosiidae]]
* [[Centrarchidae]]
* [[Serranidae]]
* [[Percidae]]
* [[Lelemah|Lactariidae]]
* [[Dinolestidae]]
* [[Scombropidae]]
* [[Pomatomidae]]
* [[Bawal Laut|Bramidae]]
* [[Caristiidae]]
;; Famili yang mungkin berhubungan dengan [[Acanthuriformes]]
* [[Monodactylidae]]
* [[Priacanthidae]]
;; Famili yang mungkin berhubungan dengan [[Acanthuroidei]], [[Monodactylidae]], dan [[Priacanthidae]]
* [[Peperek|Leiognathidae]]
* [[Kepe-kepe|Chaetodontidae]]
* [[Injel|Pomacanthidae]]
* [[Jabad|Malacanthidae]]
* [[Gerot-gerot|Haemulidae]]
* [[Hapalogenyidae]]
* [[Kakap|Lutjanidae]]
* [[Caesionidae]]
;; Superfamili Cirrhitoidea
* [[Cirrhitidae]]
* [[Chironemidae]]
* [[Aplodactylidae]]
* [[Cheilodactylidae]]
* [[Latridae]]
;; Superfamili Cepoloidea
* [[Cepolidae]]
;; Superfamili Siganoidea
* [[Scatophagidae]]
* [[Baronang|Siganidae]]
; Subordo Notothenioidei
* [[Bovichtidae]]
* [[Pseudaphritidae]]
* [[Eleginopsidae]]
* [[Nototheniidae]]
* [[Harpagiferidae]]
* [[Artedidraconidae]]
* [[Bathydraconidae]]
* [[Channichthyidae]]
=== Pengelompokan menurut Betancur-Rodriguez et al. (2017) <ref name="Betancur-Rodriguez-4">{{cite journal |last1=Betancur-R |first1=Ricardo |last2=Wiley |first2=Edward O. |last3=Arratia |first3=Gloria |last4=Acero |first4=Arturo |last5=Bailly |first5=Nicolas |last6=Miya |first6=Masaki |last7=Lecointre |first7=Guillaume |last8=Ortí |first8=Guillermo |title=Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=6 July 2017 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=162 |doi=10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 |pmid=28683774 |issn=1471-2148|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===
; Subordo Serranoidei
* [[Serranidae]]
; Subordo Percoidei
* [[Trachinidae]]
* [[Niphonidae]]
* [[Percidae]]
; Subordo Normanichthyoidei
* [[Normanichthyidae]]
; Subordo Notothenioidei
* [[Artedidraconidae]]
* [[Bathydraconidae]]
* [[Bovichtidae]]
* [[Channichthyidae]]
* [[Eleginopsidae]]
* [[Harpagiferidae]]
* [[Nototheniidae]]
* [[Percophidae]]
* [[Pseudaphritidae]]
; Subordo Platycephaloidei
* [[Hoplichthyidae]]
* [[Bembridae]]
* [[Parabembridae]]
* [[Platycephalidae]]
* [[Plectrogeniidae]]
; Subordo Bembropoidei
* [[Bembropidae]]
; Subordo Triglioidei
* [[Peristediidae]]
* [[Triglidae]]
; Subordo Scorpaenoidei
* [[Apistidae]]
* [[Aploactinidae]]
* [[Congiopodidae]]
* [[Eschmeyeridae]]
* [[Gnathanacanthidae]]
* [[Neosebastidae]]
* [[Pataecidae]]
* [[Perryenidae]]
* [[Synanceiidae]]
* [[Tetrarogidae]]
* [[Scorpaenidae]] (termasuk juga [[Caracanthidae]])
* [[Sebastidae]]
* [[Setarchidae]]
* [[Zanclorhynchidae]]
; Subordo Cottoidei
;; Infraordo Anoplopomatales
* [[Anoplopomatidae]]
;; Infraordo Zoarcales
* [[Anarhichadidae]]
* [[Bathymasteridae]]
* [[Cryptacanthodidae]]
* [[Eulophiidae]]
* [[Zoarcidae]]
* [[Pholidae]]
* [[Ptilichthyidae]]
* [[Zaproridae]]
* [[Stichaeidae]]
* [[Scytalinidae]]
;; Infraordo Gasterosteales
* [[Hypoptychidae]]
* [[Aulorhynchidae]]
* [[Gasterosteidae]]
;; Infraordo Zaniolepidales
* [[Zaniolepididae]]
;; Infraordo Hexagrammales
* [[Hexagrammidae]]
;; Infraordo Cottales
* [[Normanichthyidae]]
* [[Trichodontidae]]
* [[Cyclopteridae]]
* [[Liparidae]]
* [[Jordaniidae]]
* [[Rhamphocottidae]] (Ereuniidae)
* [[Scorpaenichthyidae]]
* [[Agonidae]] (termasuk juga [[Hemitripteridae]])
* [[Cottidae]] (termasuk juga [[Abyssocottidae]], [[Comephoridae]], [[Cottocomephoridae]])
* [[Psychrolutidae]] (termasuk juga [[Bathylutichthyidae]])
==Referensi==<!-- ZoolScripta38:101. -->
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