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{{Infobox religion|name=Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah<br>Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at|native_name=|image=Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya and Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg|imagewidth=|caption=[[Menara Putih]] dan bendera Ahmadiyah di [[Qadian]], [[India]], yang melambangkan Mirza Ghulam Ahmad|type=[[Firkah Islam]]|main_classification=|scripture=[[Al-Qur'an]]|theology=|leader_title=[[Kekhalifahan Ahmadiyah|Khalifah]]|leader_name=[[Mirza Masroor Ahmad]]|language=|territory=|founder=[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]|founded_date=Abad ke-19|founded_place=[[India Britania]]|separated_from=[[Islam Sunni]]|number_of_followers=10–20 juta{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}|members=}}{{Ahmadiyah}}
'''Ahmadiyah''' ([[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|IPA]]: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑː|m|ə|ˈ|d|iː|ə}}),<ref name="OED">{{OED|Ahmadiyya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ahmadiyya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131234240/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ahmadiyya |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-01-31 |title=Ahmadiyya |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ahmadiyyah |title=Ahmadiyyah |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=HarperCollins |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> secara resmi bernama '''Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/bangladesh0605/3.htm |title=History of the Ahmadiyya Community | publisher=Human Rights Watch |year=2005}}</ref> atau '''Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Knipp |first1=Kersten |title=Who are the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-the-ahmadiyya-muslim-jamaat/a-49500230 |access-date=24 September 2022 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=2019-07-07}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية|al-Jamāʿah al-Islāmīyah al-Aḥmadīyah}}) adalah sebuah organisasi kebangkitan [[Islam]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Adil Hussain |last=Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ |title=From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority Movement in South Asia |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0253015297 |page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Friedmann |first=Yohanan |year=2011 |title=The Ahmadiyyah Movement |url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0004.xml |work=Oxford Bibliographies}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Özaykal |first=K. A. |title=Messianic Legitimacy: the case of Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya Movements |journal=Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Theology |date=2016 |issue=35 |pages=217–256 |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuilah/issue/30645/331056}}</ref> yang berasal dari [[Punjab (negara bagian)|Punjab]], [[Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania|India Britania]], pada akhir abad ke-19. Kemudian organisasi ini ditentang oleh [[Ahmadiyah Lahore]] akibat perbedaan ideologi mengenai kenabian [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]. <ref name="Valentine 2008 xv">{{cite book |last=Valentine |first=Simon |title=Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice |year=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-70094-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&q=+islamic+reform |page=xv}}</ref><ref>▼
*{{cite web |url=https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/10.html |title=Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat}}</ref><ref name="banglapedia">{{cite book |year=2012 |chapter=Ahmadiya |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmadiya |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> ▼
▲'''Ahmadiyah''' ([[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|IPA]]: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑː|m|ə|ˈ|d|iː|ə}}),<ref name="OED">{{OED|Ahmadiyya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ahmadiyya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131234240/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ahmadiyya |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-01-31 |title=Ahmadiyya |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ahmadiyyah |title=Ahmadiyyah |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=HarperCollins |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> secara resmi bernama '''Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/bangladesh0605/3.htm |title=History of the Ahmadiyya Community | publisher=Human Rights Watch |year=2005}}</ref>
▲*{{cite web |url=https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/10.html |title=Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat}}</ref><ref name="banglapedia">{{cite book |year=2012 |chapter=Ahmadiya |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmadiya |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>
Organisasi ini didirikan oleh [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] ([[1835]]–[[1908]]), yang mengklaim telah diangkat secara ''[[ilahi]]'' sebagai [[Imam Mahdi|Mahdi]] dan [[Isa]] yang diharapkan [[Muslim|umat Islam]] untuk muncul menjelang akhir zaman dengan cara damai sebagai kemenangan akhir umat Islam;<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite book |first=Claudia |last=Preckel |year=2013 |pages=174, 208 |chapter=Screening Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān's Library: The use of Ḥanbalī literature in 19th century Bhopal |editor1-first=B. |editor1-last=Krawietz |editor2-first=G. |editor2-last=Tamer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2WiuAAACAAJ |title=Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya |place=Berlin, DE |publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110285345 }}
*{{cite journal |first=Andrea |last=Lathan |year=2008 |title=The relativity of categorizing in the context of the Aḥmadiyya |journal=Die Welt des Islams |volume=48 |issue=3/4 |page=376|doi=10.1163/157006008X364749 |jstor=27798273 |issn=0043-2539 }}
*{{cite book |first=Antonio R. |last=Gualtieri |title=Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA20 |year=1989 |publisher=Guernica Editions |isbn=978-0-920717-41-7 |page=20}}
*{{cite book |url=https://www.alislam.org/books/truth/reflection.html | title=Truth about Ahmadiyyat, Reflection of all the Prophets |publisher=London Mosque |first=B.A. |last=Rafiq |year=1978 |isbn=0-85525-013-5}}</ref> serta sosok ''[[Eskatologi Islam|eskatologis]]'' yang diharapkan dari tradisi agama besar lainnya.<ref>{{cite book |first=Adil Hussain |last=Khan |title=From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&q=from+sufism+to+ahmadiyy |year=2015 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0253015297 |page=50}}</ref> Penganut Ahmadiyah<ref name="Encyclopedia of Global Religion">{{cite encyclopedia |first=I.Y. |last=Kotin |chapter=Ahmaddiya |editor-last=M. |editor1-first=Juergensmeyer |editor2-first=W.C. |editor2-last=Roof |chapter-url=http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/globalreligion/n9.xml |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Global Religion |publisher=SAGE Publications |year=2012 |pages=22 |doi=10.4135/9781412997898 |isbn=9780761927297 }}</ref><ref name="Diagonal-Verlag">{{cite book |first=Steffen |last=Rink |title=Religionen feiern: Feste und Feiertage religiöser Gemeinschaften in Deutschland |year=1997 |publisher=Diagonal-Verlag |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VcRAQAAIAAJ |page=137 |isbn=9783927165342}}</ref><ref name="pu.edu.pk">{{cite journal |first=Samina |last=Awan |year=2009 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/14/V_46_No2_July-Dec%202009.html |title=Redefinition of identities, subalterns and political Islam: A case of Majlis i Ahrar in Punjab |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=188–189}}</ref><ref name="aaiil.org">{{cite book |first=Murtaza |last=Khan |url=http://www.aaiil.org/text/books/others/murtazakhan/nameahmadiyyanecessity/nameahmadiyyanecessity.pdf |title=The Name Ahmadiyya and Its Necessity |year=1945 |access-date=2022-12-25 |archive-date=2008-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718191237/http://aaiil.org/text/books/others/murtazakhan/nameahmadiyyanecessity/nameahmadiyyanecessity.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>—dikenal sebagai Muslim Ahmadi.
== Sejarah ==
Baris 19 ⟶ 18:
Kemudian penganutnya percaya bahwa atas bimbingan ''ilahi'' Mirza Ghulam Ahmad membersihkan Islam dari penambahan asing dalam keyakinan dan tata cara beribadah dengan memperjuangkan apa adanya, dalam pandangan penganutnya, ajaran asli Islam seperti yang dipraktikkan oleh [[Muhammad]] dan komunitas [[Muslim]] awal.<ref>{{cite book |first=Antonio R. |last=Gualtieri |title=Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and orthodoxy in Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA22 |year=1989 |publisher=Guernica Editions |isbn=978-0-920717-41-7 |page=22}}</ref><ref name="alislam.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html |title=An Overview |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=14 November 2012}}</ref> Ahmadiyah dengan demikian memandang dirinya sebagai pemimpin penyebaran dan kebangkitan Islam.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite book |last=Valentine |first=Simon |title=Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice |year=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-70094-8 |pages=xv passim}}
*{{cite web |last=Louis J. |first=Hammann |url=https://www.alislam.org/introduction/intro-louis-hammann.html |title=Ahmaddiyyat - an introduction |publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community [online] |year=1985}}</ref>[[File:Baitur Rehman, Washington.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Baitur Rehman, Silver Spring|Masjid Baitur Rahman]], masjid Ahmadiyah yang berada di [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|kiri]]
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad mendirikan organisasi ini pada tanggal [[23 Maret]] [[1889]] dengan secara resmi menerima kesetiaan dari para pengikutnya. Sejak kematiannya, organisasi ini dipimpin oleh penerus yang disebut ''[[Khalifah]]''. Pada tahun [[2017]] telah menyebar ke 210 negara dan teritori di dunia dengan konsentrasi di [[Asia Selatan]], [[Afrika Barat]], [[Afrika Timur]], dan [[Indonesia]] ([[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]]). Ahmadiyah memiliki tradisi dakwah yang kuat, setelah membentuk organisasi [[dakwah]] [[Muslim]] pertama yang tiba di [[Inggris]] dan negara-negara Barat lainnya.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite book |last=Geaves |first=Ron |title=Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire |year=2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-7173-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMA2DwAAQBAJ |page=42 }} "They were the first Muslim organization to send missionaries to the West ..."
*{{cite book |last=Gilham |first=Jamie |title=Loyal Enemies: British converts to Islam, 1850–1950 |year=2014 |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |isbn=978-1-84904-275-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggQqBgAAQBAJ |pages=123–213 }}
*{{cite book |first=Umar |last=Ryad |year=2015 |contribution=Salafiyya, Ahmadiyya, and European converts to Islam in the interwar period |editor1-first=B. |editor1-last=Agai |display-editors=etal |url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/books/b9789004301979s004;jsessionid=ffqTQgEL0qDAjCKz8SDFsYKU.x-brill-live-03 |title=Muslims in Interwar Europe: A transcultural historical perspective |place=Leiden |publisher=BRILL |pages=47–87 |doi=10.1163/9789004301979_004 |s2cid=159980688 |quote=In the interwar period the Ahmadiyya occupied a pioneering place as a Muslim missionary movement in Europe; they established mosques, printed missionary publications in a variety of European languages, and attracted many European converts to Islam.{{rp|page=47}} }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite book |last=Jonker |first=Gerdien |title=The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress: Missionizing Europe 1900–1965 |year=2015 |publisher=Brill Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-30529-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GUUpCwAAQBAJ }}
*{{cite book |first=Hendrik |last=Kraemer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vI7JN_AsWrYC |title=World Cultures and World Religions: The coming dialogue |publisher=James Clarke & Co. |year=1960 |page=267 |isbn=9780227170953 |quote=The spirit of their tenets and the militant vigour of their founder have made the Ahmadiyya naturally a group with strong missionary and reforming zeal, both inside the lands of Islam where they are represented and outside. They constitute almost exclusively the "Muslim Missions" in Western countries and elsewhere ... They devote themselves with sincere enthusiasm to the task of proclaiming Islam to the world in a rationalist, often combative way, and try in Muslim lands to purify and reform the dominant type of popular Islam. }}</ref> Saat ini, komunitas tersebut dipimpin oleh khalifahnya, [[Mirza Masroor Ahmad]], dan diperkirakan berjumlah antara 10–20 juta di seluruh dunia.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html |title=Major Branches of Religions |date=28 October 2005 |publisher=Adherents.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315022054/http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html |archive-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite book |title=Breach of Faith |quote=Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8|date=June 2005}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72 |title=Asian Religions in British Columbia |quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world |first1=Larry |last1=DeVries |first2=Don |last2=Baker |first3=Dan |last3=Overmyer |isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5 |publisher=University of Columbia Press |date=January 2011}}
Baris 33 ⟶ 32:
*{{cite web |url=https://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html |title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: An overview |access-date=19 April 2015 |website=Al Islam |publisher=The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316012248/http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html |archive-date=16 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/ |title=Ahmadiyya Muslims |last=Lawton |first=Kim |date=20 January 2012 |access-date = 19 April 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310050128/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/ |url-status=live |archive-date=10 March 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya and Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Minaret Putih dan bendera Ahmadiyah di [[Qadian]], [[India]]. Bagi Muslim Ahmadi, keduanya melambangkan kedatangan [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]].|kiri]]
Gerakan ini hampir seluruhnya merupakan satu kelompok yang sangat terorganisir. Namun dalam sejarah awal komunitas, beberapa Ahmadi berbeda pendapat tentang status kenabian [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]. Kemudian mereka membentuk organisasi [[Ahmadiyah Lahore]], sebagai bentuk tentangan dari arus Ahmadiyah utama. Pengakuan Ahmadiyah atas Mirza Ghulam Ahmad sebagai seorang nabi telah dicirikan sebagai sesat oleh [[Muslim]] yang percaya bahwa [[Muhammad]] adalah nabi terakhir, dan gerakan Ahmadiyah telah menghadapi penolakan dan penganiayaan di banyak bagian dunia.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=The Handbook of Transcultural Counselling and Psychotherapy |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education]] |year=2011 |isbn=9780335238514 |location=UK |editor-last=Lago |editor-first=Colin |publication-date=1 October 2011 |page=312 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vREBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA312}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name="persecution" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3098725.stm |title=Islamic sect gathers in Surrey |last=Cloudhury |first=Barnie |date=26 July 2003 |access-date = 19 April 2015 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023074042/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3098725.stm |archive-date=23 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dayyin|first=Denden Matin|last2=Ismail|first2=Ahmad Zuhdi|date=2022-11-02|title=Analisis Fatwa MUI Tentang Pelarangan Dan Penyesatan Kepada Kelompok Ahmadiyah di Indonesia|url=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jis/article/view/19213|journal=Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas|volume=2|issue=4|pages=475–482|doi=10.15575/jis.v2i3.19213|issn=2775-4596}}</ref> Istilah ''Qādiyānī'' digunakan untuk
== Referensi ==
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