Asyera: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dipuja sebagai istri [[Baal]]. Selain itu juga diidentifikasi sebagai istri atau ratu dari dewa [[Sumeria]], [[Anu]], atau dewa Ugarit, "[[El]]", dewa tertua di kumpulan dewa-dewa mereka.{{sfn|OCWM|2000|pp=32}}<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kQFtlva3HaYC&lpg=PA32&dq=Athirat%20wife%20of%20Anu&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q=Athirat%20wife%20of%20Anu&f=false ''Oxford Companion to World Mythology'', p.32]</ref> Peran ini memberi Asyera kedudukan tinggi di kalangan para dewa Ugarit.<ref>{{harvnb|Binger|1997|p=74}}</ref> Nama [[Allat]] (Elat, Ilat) dalam [[Sanchuniathon]] jelas berkaitan dengan Asyera, karena julukan yang sama "dewi paling gemilang" (''the goddess par excellence''), yang diberikan kepadanya.<ref>{{citation | last=Olyan | first=Saul M. | year=1988 | title=Asherah and the cult of Yahweh in Israel | publisher=Scholars Press | isbn=9781555402549 |page=79}}</ref> [[Kitab Yeremia]] yang ditulis sekitar tahun 628 SM tampaknya mengacu kepada Asyera ketika menggunakan julukan "Ratu Surga" ("''Queen of Heaven''", {{lang-he|לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם}}) dalam {{Alkitab|Yeremia 7:18}} dan {{Alkitab|Yeremia 44:17–19, 25}}.<ref>{{citation | editor1-last=Stavrakopoulou | editor1-first=Francesca | year=2010 | title=Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah | editor2-last=Barton | editor2-first=John | edition=reprint | publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group | isbn=9780567032164 | chapter=Personal piety |first=Albertz |last=Rainer | pages=135–146 (at 143)}}</ref>

Ada pakar yang berpendapat bahwa nama Asyera dihilangkan dari Alkitab dan bahwa banyak orang Israel menyembah banyak dewa, termasuk Asyera, sebelum tahun [[586 SM]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Viegas|first=Jennifer|title=God's Wife Edited Out of the Bible -- Almost|url=http://news.discovery.com/history/god-wife-yahweh-asherah-110318.html|publisher=Discovery, LLC|accessdate=8/21/2012|archive-date=2012-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118051927/http://news.discovery.com/history/god-wife-yahweh-asherah-110318.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Professor Herbert Niehr dari [[Tübingen University]] berpendapat bahwa politheisme perlahan-lahan digantikan ooleh monotheisme antara tahun 586 SM dan abad ke-2 SM.<ref name=BBC/><ref>Quote from .the BBC documentary: "Between the 10th century and the beginning of their exile in 586 there was polytheism as normal religion all throughout Israel; only afterwards things begin to change and very slowly they begin to change. I would say it [the sentence "Jews were monotheists" - n.n.] is only correct for the last centuries, maybe only from the period of the Maccabees, that means the second century BC, so in the time of Jesus of Nazareth it is true, but for the time before it, it is not true."</ref> Banyak pakar kitab suci percaya bahwa Asyera pada suatu ketika disembah sebagai pasangan [[YHWH|Yahweh (YHWH)]], yaitu Allah bangsa IsraelBa'al.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zw3fl |title=BBC Two - Bible's Buried Secrets, Did God Have a Wife? |publisher=BBC |date=2011-12-21 |accessdate=2012-07-04}}</ref> Bukti yang dipakai misalnya adalah penemuan dari abad ke-8 SM dalam bentuk kombinasi ikonografi dan tulisan di [[Kuntillet Ajrud]], bagian utara gurun Sinai,<ref>Ze’ev Meshel, [http://www.penn.museum/documents/publications/expedition/PDFs/20-4/Meshel.pdf Kuntillet ‘Ajrud: An Israelite Religious Center in Northern Sinai], ''Expedition'' '''20''' (Summer 1978), pp. 50–55</ref> pada bejana penyimpanan yang menunjukkan tiga oknum b''anthropomorphic'' (berbentuk manusia) dengan kata-kata "YahwehBa'al … dan Asyera-Nya".<ref name=dever>{{harvnb|Dever|2005}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hadley|2000|pp=122–136}}</ref> Bukti lain termasuk banyak patung wanita yang digali di Israel kuno, mmendukung pandangan bahwa Asyera berfungsi sebagai dewi dan pasangan YahwehBa'al serta dipuja sebagai "Ratu Surga".<ref name=dever />

** [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20060916100221/http://www.theology.bham.ac.uk/guest/Ancient+Israel/asherah.htm University of Birmingham: Deryn Guest: Asherah] at Archive.org

** [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20091026224544/http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Lofts/2938/majdei.html Lilinah biti-Anat, ''Qadash Kinahnu Deity Temple'' "Room One, Major Canaanite Deities"]

** [http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/berlinerblau5.htm Jacques Berlinerblau, "Official religion and popular religion in pre-Exilic ancient Israel"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055821/http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/berlinerblau5.htm |date=2012-02-04 }} (Commentary on Yahweh's Asherah.)

** [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jwst/second.htm Jeffrey H. Tigay, "A Second Temple Parallel to the Blessings from Kuntillet Ajrud" (University of Pennsylvania)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716181225/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jwst/second.htm |date=2012-07-16 }} (This equates Asherah with ''an'' asherah.)

** [http://www.adath-shalom.ca/israelite_religion.htm David Steinberg, "Israelite Religion to Judaism: the Evolution of the Religion of Israel"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221125002/http://www.adath-shalom.ca/israelite_religion.htm |date=2015-02-21 }}