Reliance Industries: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Short description|Konglomerat multinasional asal India}}
{{Distinguish|Reliance Group}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Reliance Industries Limited
| logo =
|
| type = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|500325}}|{{NSE|RELIANCE}}|{{LSE|RIGD}}|[[BSE SENSEX|Komponen BSE SENSEX]]|[[NIFTY 50|Komponen NSE NIFTY 50]]}}
| ISIN = INE002A01018
| founder = [[Dhirubhai Ambani]]
| area_served
| key_people = [[Mukesh Ambani]]<br />{{small|(Chairman & Direktur Utama)}}
| industry = [[Konglomerat (perusahaan)|Konglomerat]]
| products = {{hlist| [[Minyak bumi]] |[[Gas alam]] |[[Petrokimia]] |[[Tekstil]] |[[Ritel]] |[[Telekomunikasi]] |[[media massa|Media]]| [[Televisi]]|[[Entertainment]] |[[Musik]]|[[Jasa keuangan]]|[[Perangkat lunak]]}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|540000|c}}<ref name=RILFY>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/refineries/relianceindustries/RI|title=Reliance Industries Ltd. Financial Statements |website=moneycontrol.com}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2021
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|76134|c}} <ref name=RILFY/>
| income_year = 2021
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|53223|c}}<ref name=RILFY/>
| net_income_year = 2021
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1321212|c}}<ref name=RILFY/>
| assets_year = 2021
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|693727|c}}<ref name=RILFY/>
| equity_year = 2021
| num_employees = 236.334 (2021)<ref name=RILFY/>
| owner = [[Mukesh Ambani]] (50,54%)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/reliance-industries-ltd_reliance/holdings|title=Reliance Industries Ltd. Share holding pattern|publisher=NDTV Profit|access-date=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411135556/http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/reliance-industries-ltd_reliance/holdings|archive-date=11 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
| subsid = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jio Platforms]]
* [[Jio Payments Bank]] (70%)
* [[Reliance Retail]]
* [[Reliance Petroleum]]
* [[Network18 Group]] (64%)
* [[Mumbai Indians]]
* [[Alok Industries]]
* [[Reliance Foundation]]
}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|8 May 1973}}
| location_city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.ril.com/}}
}}
'''Reliance Industries Limited''' ('''RIL''') adalah sebuah [[Konglomerat (perusahaan)|konglomerat]] [[perusahaan multinasional|multinasional]] yang berkantor pusat di [[Mumbai]], [[India]]. Reliance memiliki sejumlah perusahaan di India yang bergerak di bidang [[industri energi|energi]], [[petrokimia]], [[industri tekstil|tekstil]], [[eksploitasi sumber daya alam|sumber daya alam]], [[industri ritel|ritel]], dan [[industri telekomunikasi|telekomunikasi]]. Reliance merupakan salah satu perusahaan paling menguntungkan di India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/marketinfo/netprofit/bse/index.html|title=Top companies in India by Net Profit|website=Moneycontrol.com|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719135533/http://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/marketinfo/netprofit/bse/index.html|archive-date=19 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[perusahaan publik]] dengan [[kapitalisasi pasar]] terbesar di India,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bseindia.com/markets/equity/EQReports/TopMarketCapitalization.aspx |website=Bseindia.com |title=Top '100' companies by market capitalisation as on July 19, 2017 |access-date=20 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715174950/http://www.bseindia.com/markets/equity/EQReports/TopMarketCapitalization.aspx |archive-date=15 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> dan perusahaan dengan pendapatan terbesar di India, mengalahkan [[Indian Oil Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/reliance-becomes-indias-biggest-company-in-revenue-terms/articleshow/69427335.cms?from=mdr|title=RIL becomes India's biggest company in revenue terms|date=21 May 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> Perusahaan ini juga merupakan [[Daftar pemberi kerja terbanyak di India|pemberi kerja terbanyak kedelapan di India]] dengan mempekerjakan hampir 195.000 orang.<ref>[https://companiesmarketcap.com/largest-companies-by-number-of-employees/]</ref><ref>[https://www.statista.com/statistics/1049955/india-reliance-number-of-employees/]</ref> Pada tanggal 10 September 2020, Reliance Industries menjadi perusahaan asal India pertama yang berhasil mencapai kapitalisasi pasar sebesar $200 milyar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ril-becomes-first-indian-company-to-cross-200-billion-in-market-valuation/articleshow/78035314.cms|title=RIL becomes first Indian company to cross $200 billion in market valuation|access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref>
Perusahaan ini menempati peringkat ke-96 dalam daftar [[Fortune Global 500]] tahun 2020.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/global500/2019/ | title=Fortune Global 500 list | access-date=18 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807080136/https://fortune.com/global500/2019/ | archive-date=7 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> Perusahaan ini pun menempati peringkat kedelapan dalam daftar 250 perusahaan energi global terbesar yang disusun oleh [[Platts]] pada tahun 2016. Reliance juga merupakan eksportir terbesar di India, dengan menyumbang 8% dari total ekspor India dengan nilai ₹1,47,755 crore dan mengakses pasar di 108 negara.<ref name="financial1">{{cite web|url= http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/reliance-industries-agm-full-text-of-mukesh-ambani-speech-here-is-what-he-said-on-jio/773105/|title= Reliance Industries AGM full text|date= 21 July 2017|access-date= 21 July 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170806222049/http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/reliance-industries-agm-full-text-of-mukesh-ambani-speech-here-is-what-he-said-on-jio/773105/|archive-date= 6 August 2017|url-status= live}}</ref> Reliance pun bertanggung jawab atas hampir 5% dari total pendapatan bea dan [[cukai]] pemerintah India. Reliance juga merupakan [[perusahaan swasta]] dengan [[pajak penghasilan]] terbesar di India.<ref name="financial1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reliance Industries Consolidated Balance Sheet, Reliance Industries Financial Statement & Accounts|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/relianceindustries/consolidated-balance-sheetVI/RI|access-date=30 June 2020|website=moneycontrol.com|language=en}}</ref>
==
===1960–1980===
Perusahaan ini didirikan oleh [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] dan Champaklal Damani pada tahun 1960 dengan nama '''Reliance Commercial Corporation'''. Pada tahun 1965, perusahaan tersebut dibubarkan dan Dhirubhai pun melanjutkan bisnis [[poliester]] dari perusahaan tersebut.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/ambani-gas-station-attendant-reliance-owner |title=Ambani: From a gas station attendant to Reliance owner |newspaper=Arab News |date=2 November 2012 |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824203609/http://www.arabnews.com/ambani-gas-station-attendant-reliance-owner |archive-date=24 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada tahun 1966, perusahaan ini resmi didirikan di [[Maharashtra]] dengan nama Reliance Textiles Engineers Pvt. Ltd.. Perusahaan ini kemudian mendirikan sebuah pabrik [[serat sintetis|kain sintetis]] di [[Naroda]], [[Gujarat]].<ref name="ETH">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/reliance-industries-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-13215.cms |title=Company History – Reliance Industries Ltd. |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928201223/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/reliance-industries-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-13215.cms |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada tanggal 8 Mei 1973, perusahaan ini mengubah namanya menjadi Reliance Industries Limited. Pada tahun 1975, perusahaan ini berekspansi ke bisnis tekstil, dengan merek "Vimal" kemudian menjadi merek terbesarnya. Pada tahun 1977, perusahaan ini resmi melantai di bursa saham.<ref name="Milestones">{{cite web |title=Major Milestones |url=http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/major_milestones.html |website=RIL.com |access-date=22 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817071250/http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/major_milestones.html |archive-date=17 August 2013 }}</ref> Pada tahun 1979, Sidhpur Mills digabung ke dalam perusahaan ini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/relianceindustries/history/RI |title=Company History – Reliance Industries |website=MoneyControl.com |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812123146/http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/relianceindustries/history/RI |archive-date=12 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada tahun 1980, perusahaan ini mengembangkan bisnis benang poliester dengan mendirikan sebuah pabrik benang filamen poliester di Patalganga, [[Distrik Raigad|Raigad]], Maharashtra melalui kolaborasi keuangan dan teknis dengan [[E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company|E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref name=ETH/>
==
Pada tahun 1985, nama perusahaan ini kembali diubah menjadi menjadi ''Reliance Industries Ltd.''<ref name=ETH/> Mulai tahun 1985 hingga 1992, perusahaan ini mengembangkan kapasitas produksi [[benang]] [[poliester]] menjadi lebih dari 145.000 ton per tahun.<ref name=ETH/>
Pada tahun 1991-92, perusahaan ini mulai mengoperasikan [[Reliance Hazira Manufacturing Division (HMD)|pabrik petrokimia Hazira]].<ref name="HDFCH">{{cite web
| title= Reliance Industries Ltd
| publisher= HDFC Securities
| access-date= 26 August 2013
| url= http://www.hdfcsec.com/Market/Information.aspx?CoCode=476&RptType=History
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140110093244/http://www.hdfcsec.com/Market/Information.aspx?CoCode=476&RptType=History
| archive-date= 10 January 2014
| url-status= live
}}</ref>
Pada tahun 1993, Reliance mulai mencari pendanaan dari luar India, dengan Reliance Petroleum menerbitkan [[global depository receipt|global depository]]. Pada tahun 1996, Reliance menjadi perusahaan swasta pertama di India yang mendapat peringkat dari [[lembaga pemeringkat kredit]] internasional. [[Standard & Poor's|S&P]] memberi peringkat ''"BB+, stable outlook, constrained by the sovereign ceiling"''. Sementara [[Moody's Investors Service|Moody's]] memberi peringkat ''"Baa3, Investment grade, constrained by the sovereign ceiling"''.<ref>{{cite web
| title= Reliance Industries: Milestones of an oil giant – Slide 8
| website= NDTV.com
| url= http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/reliance-industries-milestones-of-an-oil-giant-13970/slide/8
| access-date= 25 August 2013
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131002033154/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/reliance-industries-milestones-of-an-oil-giant-13970/slide/8
| archive-date= 2 October 2013
| url-status= live
}}</ref>
Pada tahun 1995/96, perusahaan ini berekspansi ke industri [[telekomunikasi]] melalui [[joint venture]] dengan [[NYNEX]] asal Amerika Serikat dan mempromosikan Reliance Telecom Private Limited di India.<ref name=HDFCH/>
Pada tahun 1998/99, RIL memperkenalkan [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] dalam kemasan silinder seberat 15 kg dengan merek ''Reliance Gas''.<ref name=HDFCH/>
Pada tahun 1998–2000, perusahaan ini mulai membangun [[Jamnagar Refinery|kompleks petrokimia terintegrasi Jamnagar]] di [[Gujarat]],<ref name= HDFCH/> kilang terbesar di dunia.
===2001 - sekarang===
Pada tahun 2001, Reliance Industries Ltd. dan Reliance Petroleum Ltd. menjadi dua perusahaan terbesar di India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/reliance-industries-milestones-of-an-oil-giant-13970/slide/9 |title=Reliance Industries: Milestones of an oil giant – Slide 9 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002041749/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/reliance-industries-milestones-of-an-oil-giant-13970/slide/9 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada tahun 2001–02, Reliance Petroleum digabung dengan Reliance Industries.<ref name=Milestones/>
Pada tahun 2002, Reliance mengumumkan penemuan gas terbesar di India dalam hampir tiga dekade dan merupakan salah satu penemuan gas terbesar pada tahun itu, yakni di [[cekungan Krishna Godavari]]. Jumlah cadangan gas alam di lokasi tersebut mencapai lebih dari 7 triliun kaki kubik atau setara dengan sekitar 120 crore (1,2 milyar) barel minyak mentah. Penemuan tersebut merupakan yang pertama bagi perusahaan swasta di India.<ref name=Milestones/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2002-11-01/news/27345331_1_huge-gas-gas-allocation-krishna-godavari-basin |title=Krishna-Godavari basin to yield 160mt oil: RIL |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=1 November 2002 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110085847/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2002-11-01/news/27345331_1_huge-gas-gas-allocation-krishna-godavari-basin |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Pada tahun 2002–03, RIL membeli mayoritas saham Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. (IPCL), perusahaan petrokimia terbesar kedua di India, yang sebelumnya dipegang oleh pemerintah India,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2002/05/20/stories/2002052000790500.htm |title=Reliance makes it big with IPCL |newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 May 2002 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414005325/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2002/05/20/stories/2002052000790500.htm |archive-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> RIL pun mengambil alih pabrik IPCL di Vadodara dan mengubah nama pabrik tersebut menjadi [[Reliance Vadodara Manufacturing Division(VMD)|Vadodara Manufacturing Division (VMD)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Government of India|url=http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/26_Apr_2017_105044523CABI20QBPre-FeasibilityReport.pdf|date=April 2017|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nina Muncherji, C. Gopalakrishnan, Upider Dhar|title=Partners In Success: Strategic Hr And Entrepreneurship|publisher=Excel Books India|year=2009|isbn=9788174467010|pages=6}}</ref> Sementara pabrik IPCL di Nagothane dan [[Reliance Dahej Manufacturing Division(DMD)|Dahej]] bergabung ke dalam RIL, setelah IPCL digabung dengan RIL pada tahun 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ipcl-set-to-merge-with-reliance-industries-107030801104_1.html |title=IPCL set to merge with Reliance Industries |newspaper=Business Standard |date=8 March 2007 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110135049/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ipcl-set-to-merge-with-reliance-industries-107030801104_1.html |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/story/193649 |title=Reliance-IPCL merger swap ratio set at 1:5 |newspaper=The Financial Express |date=11 March 2007 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090017/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/story/193649 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Pada tahun 2005 dan 2006, perusahaan ini mereorganisasi bisnisnya dengan memisahkan investasinya pada pembangkitan listrik, distribusi listrik, jasa keuangan, dan jasa telekomunikasi menjadi empat entitas berbeda.<ref name="demerger">{{cite web |url=http://ril.com/html/investor/scheme_demerger.html |title=Scheme of Demerger |website=RIL.com |access-date=25 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509071142/http://www.ril.com/html/investor/scheme_demerger.html |archive-date=9 May 2013 }}</ref>
Pada tahun 2006, Reliance berekspansi ke pasar ritel di India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/7595/retail:-growth-engine-for-ril|title=BTvIn - Retail: Growth Engine For RIL|work=Btvin|access-date=26 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208025311/http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/7595/retail:-growth-engine-for-ril|archive-date=8 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> dengan meluncurkan gerai ritel bernama '[[Reliance Fresh]]'.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6112578.stm |title=Reliance launches retail venture |work=BBC News |date=3 November 2006 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110092259/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6112578.stm |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/coming-to-your-neighbourhood-reliance-fresh-106110300049_1.html |title=Coming to your neighbourhood – Reliance Fresh |newspaper=Business Standard |date=3 November 2006 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110135035/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/coming-to-your-neighbourhood-reliance-fresh-106110300049_1.html |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada akhir tahun 2008, Reliance telah memiliki hampir 600 gerai yang tersebar di 57 kota di India.<ref name=Milestones/>
Pada tahun 2010, Reliance berekspansi ke bisnis layanan pita lebar dengan mengakuisisi Infotel Broadband Services Limited, yang merupakan satu-satunya penawar yang sukses dalam lelang spektrum 4G yang diadakan oleh pemerintah India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703509404575300313733929690 |title=Reliance Bets Big on 4G |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=12 June 2010 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318033739/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703509404575300313733929690 |archive-date=18 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/reliance-industries-to-acquire-infotel-broadband/article452893.ece |title=Reliance Industries to acquire Infotel Broadband |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090700/http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/reliance-industries-to-acquire-infotel-broadband/article452893.ece |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Referensi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{Official website}}
{{Reliance Group}}
{{BSE Sensex}}
{{Perusahaan NIFTY 50}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Perusahaan India]]
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