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Baris 1: {{~~automatic~~Automatic taxobox \| ~~name~~fill = ~~Ground sharks~~yes ~~\| fossil_range = {{Fossil range\|Early Cretaceous\|Present\|ref=<ref>{{FishBase_order\|order=Carcharhiniformes\|year=2009\|month=Januari}}</ref>}}~~ ~~\| image = Carcharhinus isodon.jpg~~ ~~\| image_caption = A [[finetooth shark]], ''Carcharhinus isodon''~~ \| taxon = Carcharhiniformes \| authority = ~~[[Leonard Compagno\|~~Compagno]], 1977}} }} [[Berkas:Carcharhinus_acronotus_nefsc.jpg\|jmpl\|253x253px\|Groundsharks, seperti ini blacknose hiu, memiliki [[Membran pengelip\|membran nictitating]] yang dapat ditarik menyelubungi mata untuk melindunginya.]]▼ ~~Dengan~~ '''~~hiu~~Hiu tanah''', atau '''''Carcharhiniformes''''', merupakan ordo ~~terbesar dari~~ [[Hiu\|ikan hiu]] yang terbesar. Dengan lebih dari 270 spesies, carcharhiniformes mencakup sejumlah jenis umum hiu, seperti [[~~Catshark\|catsharks~~Hiu banteng]], [[~~Swellshark\|swellsharks~~Hiu martil]], [[Hiu harimau]], dan [[~~Sandbar~~Hiu ~~shark\|hiu~~sirip ~~pasir~~hitam]]. Anggota dari ordo ini dicirikan oleh adanya [[membran pengelip]] di atas mata, dua [[sirip punggung]], [[Anal fin\|sirip anal]], dan lima celah [[insang]]. Keluarga dalam rangka Carcharhiniformes diharapkan akan direvisi; recent [[Asam deoksiribonukleat\|DNA]] studi menunjukkan bahwa beberapa kelompok konvensional tidak monophyletic. == ~~Keluarga~~Famili == Menurut [[FishBase]], delapan ~~keluarga~~famili dari ~~tanah~~ordo ~~hiu~~Carcharhiniformes adalah:<ref>[http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Fish Identification: Ground sharks] ''[~~//en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/FishBase~~ [FishBase]]''. Retrieved 28 March 2013.</ref> * [[Carcharhinidae]] (hiu requiem) * [[Galeocerdo\|Galeocerdonidae]] ([[hiu harimau]] beserta kerabatnya yang telah punah) * [[Hemigaleidae]] (hiu ~~musang~~kacang) * [[Leptochariidae]] (~~barbeled~~Hiu ~~houndshark~~anjing berduri) * Proscylliidae (paus gin catsharks) * [[Proscylliidae]] (Hiu kucing bersirip punggung) * [[Pseudotriakidae]] (~~catsharks~~Hiu kucing palsu) * [[Hiu kucing\|Scyliorhinidae]] (~~catsharks~~Hiu kucing) * [[Hiu martil\|Sphyrnidae]] (hiu martil) * [[Triakidae]] (~~houndsharks~~Hiu anjing halus) {{clear}} <!-- {\| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 34px;" ! Famili Baris 33 ⟶ 29: ! Nama umum ! Genera ! ~~Species~~Spesies ! Deskripsi ~~! Description~~ \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Carcharhinidae\|<span style="color:white;">Carcharhinidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Tiger shark.jpg\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[~~Requiem~~Hiu ~~sharks~~requiem]] \| align=center \| 12 \| align=center \| 62 \| valign=top \| ~~Requiem~~Hiu ~~sharks~~requiem ~~are~~adalah ~~migratory,~~jenis hiu yang hidup ~~live~~berpindah-~~bearing~~pindah ~~sharks~~dan oftinggal ~~warm~~di ~~seas~~laut yang hangat (~~sometimes~~terkadang ofjuga ~~brackish~~di orair ~~fresh~~payau ~~water~~atau air tawar) such as the [[~~tiger~~hiu ~~shark~~harimau]], ~~the~~ [[~~blue~~hiu ~~shark~~biru]], ~~the~~ [[~~bull~~hiu ~~shark~~banteng]], ~~and the~~dan [[milk shark]]. ~~The~~Karakteristik ~~usual~~ordo carcharhiniform ~~characteristics~~yang ~~include~~biasa ~~round~~terdapat ~~eyes~~pada ~~and~~jenis hiu ini meliputi mata bulat dan [[~~pectoral~~sirip ~~fin~~pektoral]]s ~~that~~yang ~~are~~berada ~~completely~~tepat ~~behind~~di ~~five~~belakang ~~gill~~lima ~~slits~~celah insangnya. ~~Most~~Kebanyakan ~~species~~spesies ~~are~~ini [[~~viviparous~~vivipar]], ~~the~~individu ~~young~~baru ~~being~~akan ~~born~~dikeluarkan ~~fully~~dalam ~~developed~~keadaan seluruh tubuhnya telah berkembang penuh. ~~They~~Kelompok ~~vary~~hiu ~~widely~~requiem inmempunyai ~~size,~~ukuran ~~from~~yang asbermacam-macam, ~~small~~mulai asdari ~~{{convert\|~~69\| cm~~\|ft\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~adult~~panjang ~~length in the~~hiu [[Australian sharpnose shark\|hiu sharpnose Australia]] dewasa, uphingga to55 ~~{{convert\|5.5\|~~m~~\|ft\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~adult length in the~~panjang [[~~tiger~~hiu ~~shark~~harimau]] dewasa.<ref>Compagno, L.J.V. [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=11 Family Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks] in Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010. [http://www.fishbase.org FishBase]. World Wide Web electronic publication, version (05/2010).</ref> ~~Requiem~~Hiu ~~sharks~~requiem ~~are~~lah ~~responsible~~yang ~~for~~bertanggungjawab aatas ~~large proportion of~~banyak [[~~shark~~Serangan ~~attack~~hiu\|~~attacks~~serangan hiu onpada ~~humans~~manusia]]. \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Hemigaleidae\|<span style="color:white;">Hemigaleidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Chaenogaleus macrostoma Day - cropped.png\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[Hemigaleidae\|Weasel ~~shark~~sharks]]s \| align=center \| 4 \| align=center \| 8 Baris 52 ⟶ 48: \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Leptochariidae\|<span style="color:white;">Leptochariidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Triaenodon smithii by muller and henle.png\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[Barbeled houndshark]]s \| align=center \| 1 Baris 60 ⟶ 56: \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Proscylliidae\|<span style="color:white;">Proscylliidae</span>]] \| \| align=center \| [[Proscylliidae\|Finback ~~catshark~~catsharks]]s \| align=center \| 3 \| align=center \| 7 \| valign=top \| \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Pseudotriakidae\|<span style="color:white;">Pseudotriakidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Pseudotriakis acrales by jordan and snyder.jpg\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[Pseudotriakidae\|False ~~catshark~~catsharks]]s \| align=center \| 3 \| align=center \| 4 Baris 75 ⟶ 71: \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Scyliorhinidae\|<span style="color:white;">Scyliorhinidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Catshark oedv.jpg\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[Catshark]]s \| align=center \| 17 Baris 82 ⟶ 78: \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Sphyrnidae\|<span style="color:white;">Sphyrnidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Hammerhead shark, Cocos Island, Costa Rica.jpg\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[Hiu martil]] \| align=center \| 2 Baris 89 ⟶ 85: \|- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" \| [[Triakidae\|<span style="color:white;">Triakidae</span>]] \| [[~~File~~Berkas:Leopard shark in kelp.jpg\|140px]] \| align=center \| [[Houndshark]]s \| align=center \| 9 Baris 95 ⟶ 91: \| valign=top \| Houndsharks are distinguished by large spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin, and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from {{convert\|37\|to\|220\|cm\|ft\|abbr=on}} in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed on fish and invertebrates on the sea bed and in midwater.<ref>{{FishBase_family\|family=Triakidae\|year=2009\|month=January}}</ref> \|} --> == Timeline dari genera == ▲[[Berkas:Carcharhinus_acronotus_nefsc.jpg\|jmpl\|253x253px\|Groundsharks, seperti ~~ini~~hiu blacknose ~~hiu~~ini, memiliki [[~~Membran~~membran pengelip~~\|membran nictitating~~]] yang dapat ditarik menyelubungi mata untuk melindunginya.]] <timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-199.6 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-199.6 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-199.6 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:earlyjurassic value:rgb(0,0.69,0.89) id:middlejurassic value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91) id:latejurassic value:rgb(0.74,0.89,0.97) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop Baris 176 ⟶ 175: PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:[[Early Jurassic\|Early]] from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:[[Middle Jurassic\|Middle]] Baris 186 ⟶ 185: from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:[[Late Cretaceous\|Late]] from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene\|Paleo.]] from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene\|Eo.]] from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene\|Oligo.]] from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene\|Mio.]] from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[[Pliocene\|Pl.]] Baris 193 ⟶ 192: from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[[Holocene\|H.]] bar:eratop from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:[[Jurassic]] from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:[[Cretaceous]] from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]] from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[[Neogene]] from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Quaternary\|Q.]] Baris 209 ⟶ 208: color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-84.27 till:-65.5 text:[[Pteroscyllium]] color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-83.5 till:-70.6 text:[[Archaeotriakis]] color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-83.5 till:-58.7 text:[[Palaeogaleus]] color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8 from:-74.9 till:-68.9 text:[[Squatigaleus]] color:paleocene bar:NAM9 from:-65.5 till:-33.9 text:[[Abdounia]] Baris 234 ⟶ 233: align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:[[Early Jurassic\|Early]] from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:[[Middle Jurassic\|Middle]] Baris 241 ⟶ 240: from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:[[Late Cretaceous\|Late]] from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene\|Paleo.]] from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene\|Eo.]] from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene\|Oligo.]] from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene\|Mio.]] from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[[Pliocene\|Pl.]] Baris 248 ⟶ 247: from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[[Holocene\|H.]] bar:era from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:[[Jurassic]] from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:[[Cretaceous]] from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]] from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[[Neogene]] from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Quaternary\|Q.]] Baris 260 ⟶ 259: == Referensi lebih lanjut == * Froese, Rainer, dan Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013) [http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Identifikasi Ikan: ~~Tanah~~Hiu ~~hiu~~tanah] di FishBase. Maret 2013 versi. * {{Cite journal\|last=Sepkoski\|first=Jack\|year=2002\|title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera\|url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class\|dead-url=yes\|journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology\|volume=364\|page=560\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170834/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class\|archive-date=2012-05-10\|access-date=2011-05-17}} == ~~Link~~Pranala ~~eksternal~~luar == * [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/carcharhiniformes.htm Ordo Carcharhiniformes] {{Taxonbar\|from=Q48178}} [[Kategori:Carchahiniformes]] [[Kategori:Ordo Cartilaginous]]