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{{automaticAutomatic taxobox
| namefill = Ground sharksyes
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Cretaceous|Present|ref=<ref>{{FishBase_order|order=Carcharhiniformes|year=2009|month=January}}</ref>}}
| image = Carcharhinus isodon.jpg
| image_caption = A [[finetooth shark]], ''Carcharhinus isodon''
| taxon = Carcharhiniformes
| authority = [[Leonard Compagno|Compagno]], 1977}}
}}
[[Berkas:Carcharhinus_acronotus_nefsc.jpg|jmpl|253x253px|Groundsharks, seperti hiu blacknose ini, memiliki [[membran pengelip]] yang dapat ditarik menyelubungi mata untuk melindunginya.]]▼
 
'''Hiu tanah''', atau '''''Carcharhiniformes''''', merupakan ordo terbesar dari [[Hiu|ikan hiu]] yang terbesar. Dengan lebih dari 270 spesies, carcharhiniformes mencakup sejumlah jenis umum hiu, seperti [[Catshark|catsharksHiu banteng]], [[Swellshark|swellsharksHiu martil]], [[Hiu harimau]], dan [[SandbarHiu shark|hiusirip pasirhitam]].
 
Anggota dari ordo ini dicirikan oleh adanya [[membran pengelip]]  di atas mata, dua [[sirip punggung]], [[Anal fin|sirip anal]], dan lima celah  [[insang]].
 
Keluarga dalam rangka Carcharhiniformes diharapkan akan direvisi; recent [[Asam deoksiribonukleat|DNA]] studi menunjukkan bahwa beberapa kelompok konvensional tidak monophyletic.
 
== KeluargaFamili ==
Menurut [[FishBase]], delapan keluargafamili tanahdari hiuordo Carcharhiniformes adalah:<ref>[http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Fish Identification: Ground sharks] ''[//en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/FishBase [FishBase]]''. Retrieved 28 March 2013.</ref>
* [[Carcharhinidae]] (hiu requiem)
* [[Galeocerdo|Galeocerdonidae]] ([[hiu harimau]] beserta kerabatnya yang telah punah)
* [[Hemigaleidae]] (hiu musang)
* [[LeptochariidaeHemigaleidae]] (barbeledhiu houndsharkkacang)
* [[ProscylliidaeLeptochariidae]] (pausHiu ginanjing catsharksberduri)
* [[Proscylliidae]] (Hiu kucing bersirip punggung)
* [[Pseudotriakidae]] (catsharks palsu)
* [[ScyliorhinidaePseudotriakidae]] (catsharksHiu kucing palsu)
* [[Hiu kucing|Scyliorhinidae]] (Hiu kucing)
* [[Hiu martil|Sphyrnidae]] (hiu martil)
* [[Triakidae]] (houndsharksHiu anjing halus)
 
{{clear}}
<!--
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 34px;"
! Famili
Baris 41 ⟶ 37:
| align=center | 12
| align=center | 62
| valign=top | Hiu requiem adalah jenis hiu yang hidup berpindah-pindah dan tinggal di laut yang hangat (terkadang juga di air payau atau air tawar) such as the [[hiu harimau]], [[hiu biru]], [[hiu banteng]], dan [[milk shark]]. Karakteristik ordo carcharhiniform yang biasa terdapat pada jenis hiu ini meliputi mata bulat dan [[sirip pektoral]] yang berada tepat di belakang lima celah insangnya. Kebanyakan spesies ini [[vivipar]], individu baru akan dikeluarkan dalam keadaan seluruh tubuhnya telah berkembang penuh. Kelompok hiu requiem mempunyai ukuran yang bermacam-macam, mulai dari 69 &nbsp;cm panjang hiu [[Australian sharpnose shark|hiu sharpnose Australia]] dewasa, hingga 55 m panjang [[hiu harimau]] dewasa.<ref>Compagno, L.J.V. [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=11 Family Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks] in Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010. [http://www.fishbase.org FishBase]. World Wide Web electronic publication, version (05/2010).</ref> Hiu requiem lah yang bertanggungjawab atas banyak [[Serangan hiu|serangan hiu pada manusia]].
|-
! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Hemigaleidae|<span style="color:white;">Hemigaleidae</span>]]
Baris 60 ⟶ 56:
|-
! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Proscylliidae|<span style="color:white;">Proscylliidae</span>]]
|
| align=center | [[Proscylliidae|Finback catsharks]]
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 7
| valign=top |
|-
! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Pseudotriakidae|<span style="color:white;">Pseudotriakidae</span>]]
Baris 95 ⟶ 91:
| valign=top | Houndsharks are distinguished by large spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin, and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from {{convert|37|to|220|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed on fish and invertebrates on the sea bed and in midwater.<ref>{{FishBase_family|family=Triakidae|year=2009|month=January}}</ref>
|}
-->
 
== Timeline dari genera ==
▲[[Berkas:Carcharhinus_acronotus_nefsc.jpg|jmpl|253x253px|Groundsharks, seperti hiu blacknose ini, memiliki [[membran pengelip]] yang dapat ditarik menyelubungi mata untuk melindunginya.]]
 
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Baris 176 ⟶ 175:
 
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from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:[[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
Baris 186 ⟶ 185:
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:[[Late Cretaceous|Late]]
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene|Paleo.]]
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene|Eo.]]
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene|Oligo.]]
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene|Mio.]]
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Baris 193 ⟶ 192:
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[[Holocene|H.]]
 
bar:eratop
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from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[[Neogene]]
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Quaternary|Q.]]
Baris 209 ⟶ 208:
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-84.27 till:-65.5 text:[[Pteroscyllium]]
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-83.5 till:-70.6 text:[[Archaeotriakis]]
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-83.5 till:-58.7 text:[[Palaeogaleus]]
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8 from:-74.9 till:-68.9 text:[[Squatigaleus]]
color:paleocene bar:NAM9 from:-65.5 till:-33.9 text:[[Abdounia]]
Baris 234 ⟶ 233:
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from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:[[Early Jurassic|Early]]
from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:[[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
Baris 241 ⟶ 240:
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:[[Late Cretaceous|Late]]
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene|Paleo.]]
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene|Eo.]]
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene|Oligo.]]
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene|Mio.]]
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[[Pliocene|Pl.]]
Baris 248 ⟶ 247:
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from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]]
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[[Neogene]]
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Quaternary|Q.]]
Baris 260 ⟶ 259:
 
== Referensi lebih lanjut ==
* Froese, Rainer, dan Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013) [http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Identifikasi Ikan: TanahHiu hiutanah] di FishBase. Maret 2013 versi.
* {{Cite journal|last=Sepkoski|first=Jack|year=2002|title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera|url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class|dead-url=yes|journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology|volume=364|page=560|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170834/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class|archive-date=2012-05-10|access-date=2011-05-17}}
 
== LinkPranala eksternalluar ==
* [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/carcharhiniformes.htm Ordo Carcharhiniformes]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q48178}}
 
[[Kategori:HiuCarchahiniformes]]
[[Kategori:Ordo Cartilaginous]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Carcharhiniformes"