Kolubrid: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Autotaxobox
| taxon = Colubridae
| fill = yes
| authority = [[Nicolaus_Michael_Oppel|Oppel]], 1811
}}
'''Kolubrid''' atau '''Colubridae''' (dari bahasa latin, ''coluber''="ular") adalah nama familia [[ular]] yang terdiri lebih dari 1000 spesies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colubrid |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/colubrid |website=britannica.com |publisher=Britannica |accessdate=2 December 2018}}</ref> Suku kolubrid tersebar luas di setiap benua di dunia, kecuali [[Antartika]].<ref name=EoR>{{cite book |editor=Cogger, H.G. |editor-link=Harold Cogger |editor2=Zweifel, R.G. |editor2-link=Richard G. Zweifel|author= [[:fr:Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer, Aaron M.]]|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_h2i0 |publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_h2i0/page/188 188]–195|isbn= 0-12-178560-2}}</ref>
== Pengenalan ==
Sebagian besar spesies kolubrid adalah ular-ular yang tidak berbisa. Walau begitu, klasifikasi famili kolubrid juga mencakup jenis-jenis ular berbisa. Akan tetapi, ular-ular berbisa yang termasuk kedalam kolubrid adalah ular berbisa bertaring belakang (''rear-fanged'') di mana taring bisanya terletak di rahang atas bagian belakang, bukan di depan seperti pada familia [[Elapidae]] atau [[Viperidae]]. Sebagian besar kolubrid yang berbisa tidak sampai membahayakan manusia, tetapi beberapa spesies seperti ''Boiga dendrophila'' ([[Ular cincin-emas]]), gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bakhan sebagian spesies seperti ''Dispholidus typus'' ([[Boomslang]]) dan ''Thelotornis'' ([[Ular-ranting Afrika]]), gigitannya mampu membunuh manusia.<ref name="Bruna Azara 1995">{{cite journal | author = Bruna Azara, C. | year = 1995 | title = Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España | url = http://www.sea-entomologia.org/PDF/BOLETIN_11/B11-009-032.pdf | journal = Boletín de la S.E.A. | volume = 11 | issue = | pages = 32–40 }}</ref><ref name="Weinstein2011">{{cite book|last1=Weinstein|first1=S. A.|last2=Warrell|first2=D. A.|last3=White|first3=J.|last4=Keyler|first4=D. E.|title=Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier|location=London}}</ref>
== Klasifikasi ==
=== Subfamilia [[Ahaetuliinae]] Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell, and Lailvaux, 2016 ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* Genus ''[[Ahaetulla]]'' Link, 1807
* Genus ''[[Chrysopelea]]'' Boie, 1827
* Genus ''[[Dendrelaphis]]'' Boulenger, 1890
* Genus ''[[Dryophiops]]'' Boulenger, 1896
* Genus ''[[Proahaetulla antiqua|Proahaetulla]]'' Mallik, Achyuthan, Ganesh, Pal, Vijayakumar & Shanker, 2019
}}
=== Subfamilia [[Calamariinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* Genus ''[[Calamaria]]'' Boie, 1827
* Genus ''[[Calamorhabdium]]'' Boettger, 1898
* Genus ''[[Collorhabdium williamsoni|Collorhabdium]]'' Smedley, 1931
* Genus ''[[Etheridgeum pulchrum|Etheridgeum]]'' Wallach, 1988
* Genus ''[[Macrocalamus]]'' Günther, 1864
* Genus ''[[Pseudorabdion]]'' Jan, 1862
* Genus ''[[Rabdion]]'' Duméril, 1853
}}
=== Subfamilia [[Colubrinae]] (Oppel, 1811) ===
[[Berkas:Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) (8387575202).jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular-pohon cokelat]] (''Boiga irregularis'')]]
[[Berkas:Coelognathus radiatus.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular sapi]] (''Coelognathus radiatus'')]]
[[Berkas:Dasypeltis atra2.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|Ular pemakan-telur Afrika (''Dasypeltis Sp.'')]]
[[Berkas:Dispholidus typus.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Boomslang]] (''Dispholidus typus''), salah satu spesies kolubrid berbisa]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* Genus ''[[Aeluroglena]]'' Boulenger, 1898
* Genus ''[[Aprosdoketophis]]'' Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010
* Genus ''[[Archelaphe]]'' Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011
* Genus ''[[Argyrogena]]'' Werner, 1924
* Genus ''[[Arizona (genus)|Arizona]]'' Kennicott, 1859
* Genus ''[[Bamanophis]]'' Schätti & Trape, 2008
* Genus ''[[Bogertophis]]'' Dowling & Price, 1988
* Genus ''[[Boiga]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular kucing]]
* Genus ''[[Cemophora]]'' Cope, 1860
* Genus ''[[Chapinophis]]'' Campbell & Smith, 1998
* Genus ''[[Chironius]]'' Fitzinger, 1826
* Genus ''[[Coelognathus]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
* Genus ''[[Coluber]]'' Linnaeus, 1758
* Genus ''[[Colubroelaps]]'' Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009
* Genus ''[[Conopsis]]'' Günther, 1858
* Genus ''[[Coronella]]'' Laurenti, 1768
* Genus ''[[Crotaphopeltis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Dasypeltis]]'' Wagler, 1830 - Ular pemakan-telur Afrika
* Genus ''[[Dendrophidion]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Dipsadoboa]]'' Günther, 1858
* Genus ''[[Dispholidus]]'' Fitzsimons & Brain, 1958 - [[Boomslang]]
* Genus ''[[Dolichophis]]'' Gistel, 1868
* Genus ''[[Drymarchon]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Drymobius]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Drymoluber]]'' Amaral, 1929
* Genus ''[[Eirenis]]'' Jan, 1862
* Genus ''[[Elaphe]]'' Fitzinger ''in'' Wagler, 1833 - [[Ular tikus]]
* Genus ''[[Euprepiophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Ficimia]]'' Gray, 1849
* Genus ''[[Geagras]]'' Cope, 1876
* Genus ''[[Gonyosoma]]'' Wagler, 1828 - Ular bajing
* Genus ''[[Gyalopion]]'' Cope, 1860
* Genus ''[[Hapsidophrys]]'' Fischer, 1856
* Genus ''[[Hemerophis]]'' Schätti & Utiger, 2001
* Genus ''[[Hemorrhois]]'' Boie, 1826
* Genus ''[[Hierophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Lampropeltis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Leptodrymus]]'' Amaral, 1927
* Genus ''[[Leptophis]]'' Bell, 1825
* Genus ''[[Liopeltis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Lycodon]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular serigala]]
* Genus ''[[Lytorhynchus]]'' Peters, 1862
* Genus ''[[Macroprotodon]]'' Guichenot, 1850
* Genus ''[[Masticophis]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853
* Genus ''[[Mastigodryas]]'' Amaral, 1935
* Genus ''[[Meizodon]]'' Fischer, 1856
* Genus ''[[Mopanveldophis]]'' Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
* Genus ''[[Muhtarophis]]'' Avcı, Ilgaz, Rajabizadeh, Yılmaz, Üzüm, Adriaens, Kumlutaş & Olgun, 2015
* Genus ''[[Oligodon]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular kukri]]
* Genus ''[[Oocatochus]]'' Helfenberger, 2001
* Genus ''[[Opheodrys]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Oreocryptophis]]'' Utiger, Schätti & Helfenberger, 2005 - [[Ular-bambu merah]]
* Genus ''[[Orientocoluber]]'' Kharin, 2011
* Genus ''[[Oxybelis]]'' Wagler, 1830
* Genus ''[[Palusophis]]'' Montingelli, 2019
* Genus ''[[Pantherophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Philothamnus]]'' Smith, 1840
* Genus ''[[Phrynonax]]'' Cope, 1862
* Genus ''[[Phyllorhynchus]]'' Stejneger, 1890
* Genus ''[[Pituophis]]'' Holbrook, 1842
* Genus ''[[Platyceps]]'' Blyth, 1860
* Genus ''[[Pseudelaphe]]'' Mertens & Rosenberg, 1943
* Genus ''[[Pseudoficimia]]'' Bocourt, 1883
* Genus ''[[Ptyas]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
* Genus ''[[Rhamnophis]]'' Günther, 1862
* Genus ''[[Rhinobothryum]]'' Wagler, 1830
* Genus ''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853
* Genus ''[[Rhynchocalamus]]'' Günther, 1864
* Genus ''[[Salvadora (genus)|Salvadora]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853
* Genus ''[[Scaphiophis]]'' Peters, 1870
* Genus ''[[Scolecophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Senticolis]]'' Campbell & Howell, 1965
* Genus ''[[Simophis]]'' Peters, 1860
* Genus ''[[Sonora (genus)|Sonora]]'' Baird & Girard, 1843
* Genus ''[[Spalerosophis]]'' Jan, 1865
* Genus ''[[Spilotes]]'' Wagler, 1830
* Genus ''[[Stegonotus]]'' Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
* Genus ''[[Stenorrhina]]'' Duméril, 1853
* Genus ''[[Stichophanes]]'' Wang, Messenger, Zhao & Zhu, 2014
* Genus ''[[Symphimus]]'' Cope, 1869
* Genus ''[[Sympholis]]'' Cope, 1861
* Genus ''[[Tantilla]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853
* Genus ''[[Tantillita]]'' Smith, 1941
* Genus ''[[Telescopus]]'' Wagler, 1830
* Genus ''[[Thelotornis]]'' Smith, 1849
* Genus ''[[Thrasops]]'' Hallowell, 1857
* Genus ''[[Toxicodryas]]'' Hallowell, 1857
* Genus ''[[Trimorphodon]]'' Cope, 1861
* Genus ''[[Wallaceophis]]'' Mirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & Sanap, 2016
* Genus ''[[Xenelaphis]]'' Günther, 1864
* Genus ''[[Xyelodontophis]]'' Broadley & Wallach, 2002
* Genus ''[[Zamenis]]'' Wagler, 1830
}}
=== Subfamilia [[Dipsadinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) ===
{{main|Dipsadinae}}
=== Subfamilia [[Grayiinae]] (Meirte, 1992) ===
* Genus ''[[Grayia]]'' Günther, 1858
=== Subfamilia [[Natricinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) ===
{{main|Natricinae}}
=== Subfamilia [[Pseudoxenodontinae]] (McDowell, 1987) ===
{{main|Pseudoxenodontinae}}
=== Subfamilia [[Sibynophiinae]] (Dunn, 1928) ===
* Genus ''[[Scaphiodontophis]]'' Taylor & Smith, 1943
* Genus ''[[Sibynophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
=== Tanpa Subfamilia (''[[incertae sedis]]'') ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* Genus ''[[Blythia]]'' Theobold, 1868
* Genus ''[[Elapoidis]]'' Boie, 1827
* Genus ''[[Gongylosoma]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Lycognathophis]]'' Boulenger, 1893
* Genus ''[[Oreocalamus]]'' Boulenger, 1899
* Genus ''[[Poecilopholis]]'' Boulenger, 1903
* Genus ''[[Tetralepis]]'' Boettger, 1892
}}
== Riwayat Taksonomi ==
Beberapa suku ular lain yang sebelumnya juga termasuk di dalam suku ini, yaitu:
* '''[[Homalopsidae]] - Ular air Indo-Australia'''
* '''[[Lamprophiidae]]'''
* '''[[Pareatidae]] atau [[Pareidae]] - Ular siput'''
* '''[[Xenodermatidae]] atau [[Xenodermidae]]'''
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
----
* Oppel, 1811 : ''Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben''. J. Lindauer, München ([https://archive.org/details/dieordnungenfami00oppe lihat teks])
* [http://www.reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Colubridae&submit=Search Colubridae @ Reptile Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525185142/http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?submit=Search&taxon=Colubridae |date=2015-05-25 }}
* [http://www.reptileknowledge.com/squamata/colubridae.php Colubridae @ Reptile Knowledge]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q182751}}
[[Kategori:Ular]]
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