Hussein dari Yordania: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Royalty
| name = Hussein
| title =
| image = Hussein of Jordan 1997.jpg
| succession = [[Daftar Raja Yordania|Raja Yordania]] ke-3
| reign = [[11 Agustus]] [[1952]] – [[7 Februari]] [[1999]]
| coronation = [[11 Agustus]] [[1952]]
| predecessor = [[Talal dari Yordania|Talal I]]
| successor = [[Abdullah II dari Yordania|Abdullah II]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|11|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Amman]], [[Yordania]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1999|2|7|1935|11|14|df=y}}
|
| spouse = Dina bint 'Abdu'l-Hamid<br />[[Putri Muna al-Hussein|Antoinette Avril Gardiner]]<br />Alia Baha ed din Toukan<br />[[Ratu Noor dari Yordania|Ratu Noor]]
| issue = Putri Alia<br />[[Abdullah II dari Yordania]]<br />Pangeran Faisal<br />Putri Aisha<br />Putri Zein<br />Putri Haya<br />Pangeran Ali<br />Pangeran Hamzah<br />Pangeran Hashim<br />Putri Iman<br />Putri Raiyah
| full name = Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein
|
| religion = [[Islam Sunni|Sunni Muslim]]
| father = [[Talal dari Yordania]]
| mother = Zein al Sharaf Talal
| signature = Signature of Hussein I.svg
}}
'''Hussein bin Talal''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: حسين بن طلال ''
== Pendidikan ==
Setelah menamatkan pendidikan dasarnya di Amman, Hussein mengikuti
== Raja Yordania ==
Di awal kehidupan Hussein muda, dan pada [[20 Juli]] [[1951]], kakeknya [[Raja Abdullah]] terbunuh di [[Masjid al-Aqsa]] di [[Yerusalem]]. Hussein ada di sana, dengan kakeknya, karena mereka sedang salat Jum’at. Medali
Pada [[6 September]] [[1951]], putra sulung Raja Abdullah, Pangeran Talal naik tahta. Saat ia ditetapkan secara rohaniah tak mampu, Talal secara cepat digantikan putra sulungnya Hussein, yang dinyatakan sebagai Raja [[Kerajaan Hasyimiyah Yordania]] pada [[11 Agustus]] [[1952]]. Dewan Perwalian diangkat sampai naiknya Raja Hussein secara resmi ke tahta pada [[2 Mei]] [[1953]], saat ia memangku kekuatan konstitusionalnya setelah mencapai usia 18, menurut [[kalender Hijriyah]].
Baris 33 ⟶ 35:
Saat 1950, air, sanitasi dan listrik tersedia hanya untuk 10% penduduknya, kini seluruhnya mencapai 99% penduduk. Pada 1960 hanya 33% penduduknya melek huruf, pada 1996, naik menjadi 85,5%. Pada 1961, rata-rata penduduknya makan sebanyak 2198 kalori, dan pada 1992, angka ini telah naik dari 37.5% mencapai 3.022 kalori. Statistik [[UNICEF]] menunjukkan bahwa antara 1981 dan 1991, Yordania mencapai kecepatan tahunan terbesar di dunia mengurangi kematian bayi — dari 70 kematian per 1000 kelahiran pada 1981 menjadi 37 per 1000 pada 1991, penurunan di atas 47%. Raja Hussein juga telah percaya bahwa penduduknya ialah aset terbesar, dan ia melanjutkan mendorong seluruhnya — termasuk yang kurang beruntung, kecacatan dan anak yatim — untuk berusaha lebih banyak.
Pada [[Perang Enam Hari]] [[1967]], Yordania-yang menguasai [[Tepi Barat]] dan Yerussalem Timur sebenarnya netral dan diminta netral oleh [[Israel]]. Namun akhirnya Raja Hussein mempersiapkan dan menyatakan perang terhadap Israel atas desakan [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] dari [[Mesir]] dan tekanan [[Suriah]] yang juga mempersiapkan diri untuk menyerang Israel. Akibatnya, Israel melakukan serangan dadakan terhadap Suriah, Mesir dan Yordania pada [[6 Juni]] [[1967]] yang mengakibatkan Yordania kehilangan Tepi Barat dan Yerussalem Timur. Raja Hussein mengakui PLO sebagai pihak yang berwenang untuk mengurus rakyat Palestina. Namun demikian, setelah PLO dianggap "negara dalam negara" di Yordania yang juga dihuni sebagian besar warga [[Palestina]], serta adanya permainan Syria dalam
Setelah terjadinya kerusuhan di beberapa kota akibat kenaikan harga pada [[1989]], untuk pertama kalinya sejak Pemilu [[1967]], Raja Hussein mengadakan Pemilu [[November]] [[1989]]. Namun kebebasan itu hanyalah semu, kekuasaan veto tetap ada di tangan raja. Banyak kalangan aktivis pergerakan politik ditahan oleh pemerintah.
Pada [[1991]], Raja Hussein memainkan peran sangat penting dalam sidang Konferensi Perdamaian di [[Madrid]], [[Spanyol]], dan menyediakan "payung" untuk Palestina untuk merundingkan masa depannya sebagai bagian delegasi bersama Yordania-Palestina.
Saat bekerja pada perdamaian Arab-Israel, Raja Hussein juga telah bekerja untuk pemutusan pertentangan antarnegara Arab. Selama Krisis Teluk 1990-1991, ia mendesak usaha hebat untuk pengaruh perdamaian penarikan pasukan [[Irak]] dan memulihkan kedaulatan [[Kuwait]] akibat [[Invasi Irak atas Kuwait]] [[2 Agustus]] [[1990]]. Namun sikapnya yang pro Irak, seperti halnya [[Yasser Arafat]] pada krisis timur tengah yang berujung pada [[Perang Teluk I]], sempat membuat Yordania dikucilkan secara politik oleh Negara-Negara Arab khususnya [[Arab Saudi]] dan [[Kuwait]].
Pada tahun [[1994]], Raja Hussein menandatangani perjanjian perdamaian dengan Israel dan mengakhiri kondisi perang dengan Israel.
Raja Hussein telah gigih dalam pencariannya pada rekonsiliasi Arab yang sejati, di manapun konflik mungkin timbul antarnegara, seperti penengahannya dalam [[Perang Saudara Yaman]]. Lebih lanjut, dan dalam hampir setiap pidato atau forum, Hussein menyebut untuk bantuan kemanusiaan internasional untuk mengurangi penderitaan harian orang dan anak-anak Irak.
== Info pribadi ==
Raja Hussein menikah dengan [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania|Ratu Noor]] pada [[15 Juni]] [[1978]]. Mereka memiliki 4 anak: Hamzah, Hashem, Iman dan Raiyah. Raja Hussein juga memiliki 8 anak — Alia, [[Abdullah II dari Yordania|Abdullah]], Faisal, Zein, Aisha, Haya, Ali dan Abeer — dari 3 pernikahan sebelumnya. Raja [[Abdullah II dari Yordania|Abdullah II]], penerus
Pangeran Muhammad, Perwakilan Perorangan Sri Baginda, memiliki 2 anak
Raja Hussein merupakan penerbang,
== Kemangkatan ==
Tahun-tahun terakhir Raja Hussein terganggu oleh masalah kesehatan. Ia telah dioperasi karena kanker ginjal pada 1992, dan dan telah 6 bulan kemoterapi non-Hodgkins lymphoma di Klinik Mayo pada 1998. Pada Oktober 1998, Hussein meninggalkan kasur rumah sakitnya menengahi Persetujuan Perdamaian Sungai Wye antara Israel dan Palestina.
Di akhir Januari 1999, Hussein kembali ke Amman sambil pengobatan kanker di AS untuk mengumumkan bahwa putra sulungnya, Abdullah, akan menggantikannya sebagai raja. Raja Hussein mangkat pada usia 63 pada [[7 Februari]] [[1999]].
== Tanda Kehormatan ==
Selama bertakhta sebagai Raja Yordania, Raja Hussein telah menerima berbagai tanda kehormatan, diantaranya;<ref>[http://www.royalark.net/Jordan/jordan3.htm]</ref>
=== Dalam Negeri ===
*{{flag|Yordania}}:
**[[File:JOR Al-Hussein ibn Ali Order BAR.svg|70px]] Founding Grand Master of the [[:en:Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali|Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali]]
**[[File:JOR Order of the Renaissance GC.SVG|70px]] Grand Master of the [[:en:Supreme Order of the Renaissance|Supreme Order of the Renaissance]]
**[[File:JOR Order of the Hashemite Star ribbon.svg|70px]] Founding Grand Master of the Order of the Hashemite Star
**[[File:Order of Military Gallantry (Jordan).png|70px]] Founding Grand Master of the Order of Military Gallantry
**[[File:Order of the Star of Jordan - Grand Cordon.png|70px]] Grand Master of the [[:en:Order of the Star of Jordan|Order of the Star of Jordan]]
**[[File:Order of Independence - Grand Cordon (Jordan).png|70px]] Grand Master of the [[:en:Order of Independence (Jordan)|Order of Independence]]
**[[File:Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Grand Cordon.png|70px]] Founding Grand Master of the [[:en:Order of Military Merit (Jordan)|Order of Military Merit]]
=== Luar Negeri ===
* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}} :
** [[File:USA Philadelphia Liberty Medal ribbon.svg|70px]] [[:en:Liberty Medal|Philadelphia Liberty Medal]] (4 Juli 1996)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Recipients of the Liberty Medal {{!}} Constitution Center|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/about/liberty-medal/recipients|website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org|language=en|access-date=2023-12-26}}</ref>
** [[File:Purple ribbon bar - general use.svg|70px]] [[:en:Ronald Reagan Freedom Award|Ronald Reagan Freedom Award]] (24 Maret 1995)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reed|first=Mack|last2=Simon|first2=Stephanie|date=1995-03-25|title=King Hussein Is Honored at Reagan Library|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-03-25-me-46900-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=2023-12-26}}</ref>
* {{flag|Arab Saudi}} :
** [[File:Decoration without ribbon - en.svg|70px]] Collar of the [[:en:Orders, decorations, and medals of Saudi Arabia|Order of Badr Chain]] (1960)
** [[File:Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class ribbon bar.png|70px]] Collar of the [[Penghargaan Raja Abdul Aziz|Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud]] (1960)
* {{flag|Austria}} :
** [[File:AUT Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 1st Class BAR.png|70px]] Grand Star of the [[:en:Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria|Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]] (1976)
* {{Flag|Bahrain}} :
** [[Berkas:Wisam al-Khalifa 1st class.gif|70px]] Collar Order of al-Khalifa (1976)
* {{flag|Belanda}} :
** [[File:NLD Order of the Dutch Lion - Grand Cross BAR.png|70px]] Knight Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of the Netherlands Lion|Order of the Netherlands Lion]] (1964)
* {{Flag|Britania Raya}} :
** [[File:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|70px]] Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable [[:en:Order of the Bath|Order of the Bath]] (GCB) (27 Maret 1984)<ref name="BRITISH HONOURS AND ORDERS OF CHIVALRY HELD BY OVERSEAS HEADS OF STATE (Hansard, 14 March 1989)">{{Cite web|date=2021-11-13|title=BRITISH HONOURS AND ORDERS OF CHIVALRY HELD BY OVERSEAS HEADS OF STATE (Hansard, 14 March 1989)|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113211354/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1989/mar/14/british-honours-and-orders-of-chivalry|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2023-12-26}}</ref>
** [[File:UK Royal Victorian Order honorary member ribbon.svg|70px]] Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the [[:en:Royal Victorian Order|Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO) (1953)<ref name="BRITISH HONOURS AND ORDERS OF CHIVALRY HELD BY OVERSEAS HEADS OF STATE (Hansard, 14 March 1989)"/>
** [[File:Royal Victorian Chain Ribbon.svg|70px]] [[:en:Royal Victorian Chain|Royal Victorian Chain]] (1966)
** [[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|70px]] Bailiff Grand Cross of the Most Venerable [[:en:Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of St. John]] (GCStJ) (1955)
* {{Flag|Brunei}} :
** [[Berkas:BRU_Royal_Family_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Brunei.svg|70px]] [[Darjah Kerabat Mahkota Brunei]] (DKMB) (1984)
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} :
** [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 1 tridy BAR.svg|70px]] Collar of the [[:en:Order of the White Lion|Order of the White Lion]] (20 September 1997)
* {{Flag|Denmark}} :
** [[Berkas:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|70px]] Knight of the [[:en:Order of the Elephant|Order of the Elephant]] (RE) (27 April 1998)
* {{flag|Filipina}} :
** [[File:PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Grand Collar BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[Order of Sikatuna]], Rank of Raja (GCS) (1 Maret 1976)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/ |title=The Order of Sikatuna |work=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |access-date=14 May 2016 |archive-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825092055/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{Flag|Finlandia}} :
** [[File:FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png|70px]] Commander Grand Cross with Collar of the [[:en:Order of the White Rose of Finland|Order of the White Rose of Finland]]
* {{flag|Guinea}} :
** [[File:National Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Guinea).png|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:National Order of Merit (Guinea)|National Order of Merit]] (1960)
* {{flag|Indonesia}} :
** [[File:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna.png|70px]] [[Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna]] (1986)
* {{flag|Italia}} :
** [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|70px]] Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[:en:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] (OMRI) (26 November 1983)<ref>[http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=15412 Sito web del Quirinale: dettaglio decorato.]</ref>
* {{flag|Jepang}} :
** [[File:JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cordon of the [[:en:Order of the Chrysanthemum|Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum]] (10 Maret 1976)
* {{flag|Jerman}} :
** [[File:GER Bundesverdienstkreuz 9 Sond des Grosskreuzes.svg|70px]] Grand Cross Special Class of the [[:en:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (1967)
* {{Negara|Kekaisaran Etiopia}} [[Kekaisaran Etiopia]] :
** [[File:ETH Order of Solomon BAR.png|70px]] Knight Grand Collar of the Imperial [[:en:Order of Solomon|Order of Solomon]] (12 Mei 1960)
* {{flagicon|Iran|1964}} [[Dinasti Pahlavi|Kekaisaran Iran]] :
** [[File:Order of Pahlavi Ribbon Bar - Imperial Iran.svg|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[:en:Order of Pahlavi|Order of Pahlavi]] (2 November 1959)
** [[File:Medal of the 25th Century of the Monarchy.gif|70px]] [[:en:2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire|Commemorative Medal of the 2,500 year Celebration of the Persian Empire]] (1971)<ref>[http://badraie.com/guests.htm Badraie] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043732/http://badraie.com/guests.htm |data=5 marzo 2016 }}</ref><ref>[http://badraie.com/images/uk.JPG Badraie] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014183704/http://badraie.com/images/uk.JPG |data=14 ottobre 2014 }}</ref>
* {{Negara|Kerajaan Irak}} [[Kerajaan Irak]] :
** [[File:Order of the Hashemites (Iraq) - ribbon bar.gif|70px]] Grand Collar of the Order of the Hashemites
** [[File:Ord.2River-ribbon.gif|70px]] 1st Class (''Civil Division'') of the [[:en:Order of the Two Rivers|Order of the Two Rivers]]
** [[File:King Faisal II Coronation Medal 1953.gif|70px]] King Faisal II Coronation Medal (2 Mei 1953)
* {{Negara|Kerajaan Mesir}} [[Kerajaan Mesir]] :
** [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.png|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[:en:Order of the Nile|Order of the Nile]] (27 Februari 1955)
* {{flagicon|Libya|1951}} [[Kerajaan Libya]] :
** [[File:LBY Order of Idris I ribbon.svg|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[:en:Order of Idris I|Order of Idris I]] (1960)
* {{Negara|Kerajaan Yunani}} [[Kerajaan Yunani]] :
** [[File:GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of the Redeemer|Order of the Redeemer]] (1960)
* {{flag|Korea Selatan}} :
** [[File:Grand Order of Mugunghwa (South Korea) - ribbon bar.svg|70px]] [[:en:Grand Order of Mugunghwa|Grand Order of Mugunghwa]] (10 September 1983)
* {{flag|Kuwait}} :
** [[File:Order of Mubarak the Great (Kuwait) - ribbon bar.gif|70px]] Collar of the [[:en:Order of Mubarak the Great|Order of Mubarak the Great]] (1974)
* {{flag|Lebanon}} :
** [[File:Lebanese Order of Merit Extraordinary Grade.gif|70px]] Extraordinary Grade of the [[:en:Order of Merit (Lebanon)|Order of Merit]] (1960)
* {{flag|Malaysia}} :
** [[File:Order of the Crown of the Realm ribbon bar.png|70px]] [[Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara]] (DMN) (24 April 1965)<ref>{{cite web |title=SENARAI PENUH PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN NINTANG DAN PINGAT PERSEKUTUAN TAHUN 1965 |url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1965.pdf |access-date=26 Desember 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Maroko}} :
** [[File:Decoration without ribbon - en.svg|70px]] Collar of the [[:en:Order of Muhammad|Order of Muhammad]], Special Class (21 April 1960)
* {{flag|Norwegia}} :
** [[File:St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg|70px]] Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Norwegian [[:en:Order of St. Olav|Order of St. Olav]] (1964)
* {{flag|Oman}} :
** [[File:The Order of Oman (Military) - 1st Class.png|70px]] 1st Class (''Military Division'') of the [[:en:Order of Oman|Order of Oman]]
* {{flag|Pakistan}} :
** [[File:Order of Pakistan.png|70px]] [[:en:Nishan-e-Pakistan|Nishan-e-Pakistan]] (NPk) (1968)
* {{flag|Perancis}} :
** [[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the National [[:en:Legion of Honour|Order of the Legion of Honour]] (4 Juli 1967)
* {{flag|Portugal}} :
** [[File:PRT Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword - Grand Collar.svg|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[:en:Military Order of the Tower and Sword|Military Order of the Tower and Sword]] (GColTE) (1964)
* {{flag|Qatar}} :
** [[File:Order of Independence (Qatar) - ribbon bar.gif|70px]] Collar of the Order of the Independence (1977)
* {{flag|Spanyol}} :
** [[File:Order of the Golden Fleece ribbon bar.svg|70px]] Knight of the Distinguished [[:en:Order of the Golden Fleece|Order of the Golden Fleece]] (22 Maret 1985)<ref>[https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1985/03/25/pdfs/A07788-07788.pdf Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato]</ref>
** [[File:Order of Charles III - Sash of Collar.svg|70px]] Collar of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish [[:en:Order of Charles III|Order of Charles III]]
** [[File:Order of Isabella the Catholic - Sash of Collar.svg|70px]] Knight with Collar of the [[:en:Order of Isabella the Catholic|Order of Isabella the Catholic]] (CoYC) (18 Maret 1977)<ref>[https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1977/04/07/pdfs/A07774-07774.pdf Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato]</ref>
** [[File:Order of Military Merit (White Decoration) Grand Cross Ribbon bar.png|70px]] Grand Cross with White Decoration of the [[:en:Cross of Military Merit|Cross of Military Merit]] (3 Juni 1955)<ref>[https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE/1955/156/A03412-03412.pdf Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato]</ref>
* {{flag|Swedia}} :
** [[Berkas:Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg|70px]] Knight of the [[Orde Serafim|Royal Order of the Seraphim]] (RSerafO) (15 September 1989)
* {{flag|Syria}} :
** [[File:Order Of Ummayad (Syria) - ribbon bar.gif|70px]] Member 1st Class of the [[:en:Order of the Umayyads|Order of the Umayyads]] (1955)
* {{flag|Taiwan}} :
** [[File:TWN Order of Propitious Clouds 1Class BAR.svg|70px]] 1st Class Special Grand Cordon of the [[:en:Order of Propitious Clouds|Order of Propitious Clouds]] (1959)
* {{flag|Thailand}} :
** [[File:Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70px]] Knight of the Most Illustrious [[:en:Order of the Royal House of Chakri|Order of the Royal House of Chakri]] (1985)
*{{Flag|Tunisia}} :
**[[File:Order of Independence (Tunisia).png|70px]] Grand Collar of the Order of Independence (1956)
**[[File:Order of the Republic (Tunisia) - ribbon bar.gif|70px]] Grand Cordon of the [[:en:Order of the Republic (Tunisia)|Order of the Republic]] (1965)
* {{flag|Vatikan}} :
** [[File:Ordo Militia Aurata or Ordine dello Speron d'Oro o Milizia Aurata.png|70px]] Knight of the [[:en:Order of the Golden Spur|Order of the Golden Spur]] (10 Mei 1964)
* {{flag|Yugoslavia}} :
** [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|70px]] Great Star of the [[:en:Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Star]] (11 Februari 1979)
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/ Situs resmi]
{{kotak mulai}}
Baris 73 ⟶ 183:
[[Kategori:Raja Yordania]]
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