Gangguan bipolar: Perbedaan antara revisi

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=== Diagnosis banding ===
Gangguan bipolar diklasifikasikan oleh [[ICD|International Classification of Diseases]] sebagai [[Penyakit|gangguan]] [[Gangguan jiwa|mental]] dan [[Abnormalitas|perilaku]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICD-10 Version:2019|url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/V|website=icd.who.int|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2020-03-31|archive-url=https://archive.phtoday/20200331004754/https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en%23/U07.1#/V|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gangguan mental lain dengan gejala yang mirip dengan yang terlihat pada gangguan bipolar termasuk [[skizofrenia]], gangguan depresi mayor,<ref name="Baldessarini2013">{{Cite journal|date=May 2013|title=Antidepressant-associated mood-switching and transition from unipolar major depression to bipolar disorder: a review|url=https://www.behaviorismandmentalhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Baldessarini_JAD_2013_TEM-1.pdf|journal=J Affect Disord|volume=148|issue=1|pages=129–135|doi=10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.033|pmid=23219059|vauthors=Baldessarini RJ, Faedda GL, Offidani E, Vázquez GH, Marangoni C, Serra G, Tondo L|access-date=2022-03-17|archive-date=2022-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202071640/https://www.behaviorismandmentalhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Baldessarini_JAD_2013_TEM-1.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> ADHD, dan gangguan kepribadian tertentu, seperti [[gangguan kepribadian ambang]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Salvi|first=Virginio|last2=Ribuoli|first2=Enrico|last3=Servasi|first3=Michele|last4=Orsolini|first4=Laura|last5=Volpe|first5=Umberto|date=2021-05-10|title=ADHD and Bipolar Disorder in Adulthood: Clinical and Treatment Implications|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/5/466|journal=Medicina|language=en|volume=57|issue=5|pages=466|doi=10.3390/medicina57050466|issn=1648-9144|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=2022-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322221927/https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/5/466|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Magill2004">{{Cite journal|last=Magill CA|year=2004|title=The boundary between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: Current concepts and challenges|journal=Canadian Journal of Psychiatry|volume=49|issue=8|pages=551–556|doi=10.1177/070674370404900806|pmid=15453104}}</ref><ref name="Bassett2012">{{Cite journal|last=Bassett D|year=2012|title=Borderline personality disorder and bipolar affective disorder. Spectra or spectre? A review|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224052525_Borderline_personality_disorder_and_bipolar_affective_disorder_Spectra_or_spectre_A_review|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|volume=46|issue=4|pages=327–339|doi=10.1177/0004867411435289|pmid=22508593|access-date=2022-03-17|archive-date=2022-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624173634/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224052525_Borderline_personality_disorder_and_bipolar_affective_disorder_Spectra_or_spectre_A_review|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Meskipun tidak ada tes biologis yang mendiagnosis gangguan bipolar,<ref name=":2" /> tes darah dan/atau pencitraan dilakukan untuk menyelidiki apakah ada penyakit dengan presentasi klinis yang mirip dengan gangguan bipolar sebelum membuat diagnosis pasti. Penyakit neurologis seperti [[sklerosis multipel]], kejang parsial kompleks, [[strok]], tumor otak, [[Penyakit wilson|penyakit Wilson]], cedera otak traumatis, [[penyakit Huntington]], dan [[migrain]] dapat meniru fitur gangguan bipolar.<ref name="Price2012">{{Cite journal|last=Price|first=Amy L.|last2=Marzani-Nissen|first2=Gabrielle R.|date=2012-03-01|title=Bipolar disorders: a review|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22534227|journal=American Family Physician|volume=85|issue=5|pages=483–493|issn=1532-0650|pmid=22534227|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2023-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526174456/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22534227/|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Elektroensefalografi|EEG]] dapat digunakan untuk menyingkirkan dugaan [[Gangguan neurologis|kelainan neurologis]] seperti [[epilepsi]]. Sedangkan [[Tomografi terkomputasi|CT scan]] atau [[Pencitraan resonansi magnetik|MRI]] kepala dapat digunakan untuk menyingkirkan dugaan lesi otak.<ref name="Price2012" /> Selain itu, [[hipotiroidisme]], [[hipertiroidisme]], dan penyakit Cushing juga [[penyakit jaringan ikat]], [[lupus eritematosus sistemik]] merupakan penyakit yang berbeda dari bipolar. Infeksi tertentu juga dapat menimbulkan mania yang mungkin tampak mirip dengan mania bipolar termasuk [[Ensefalitis herpes|herpes ensefalitis]], [[HIV]], [[influenza]], atau [[neurosifilis]].<ref name="Price2012" /> Kekurangan vitamin tertentu seperti [[Pelagra|pellagra]] (kekurangan [[niasin]]), kekurangan vitamin B12, kekurangan folat, dan sindrom Wernicke Korsakoff ([[Defisiensi tiamin|kekurangan tiamin]]) juga dapat menyebabkan mania.<ref name="Price2012" /> Obat umum yang dapat menyebabkan gejala manik termasuk antidepresan, [[prednison]], obat [[penyakit Parkinson]], [[Levotiroksin|hormon tiroid]], stimulan (termasuk [[kokain]] dan metamfetamin), dan [[antibiotik]] tertentu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brooks|first=John O.|last2=Hoblyn|first2=Jennifer C.|date=2005-11|title=Secondary Mania in Older Adults|url=http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2033|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=162|issue=11|pages=2033–2038|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2033|issn=0002-953X|access-date=2022-03-17|archive-date=2023-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728163827/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2033|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ljubic|first=Nemanja|last2=Ueberberg|first2=Bianca|last3=Grunze|first3=Heinz|last4=Assion|first4=Hans-Jörg|date=2021-12|title=Treatment of bipolar disorders in older adults: a review|url=https://annals-general-psychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12991-021-00367-x|journal=Annals of General Psychiatry|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=45|doi=10.1186/s12991-021-00367-x|issn=1744-859X|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=2022-03-17|archive-date=2023-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622122839/https://annals-general-psychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12991-021-00367-x|dead-url=no}}</ref>