Kerajaan Lan Xang: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(11 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
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{{Infobox Former Country
| native_name = {{lang|lo|ລ້ານຊ້າງ}}
| conventional_long_name = Kerajaan Lan Xang
| common_name = Lan Xang
| image_map = Map-of-southeast-asia 1400 CE.png
| image_map_caption = <span align="left">Negara-negara di Asia Tenggara kontinental, 1400 Masehi.<br />Dari kanan ke kiri, berlawanan arah jarum jam
{{color box|#0197FF}} [[Đại Việt]] {{color box|#019485}} Lan Xang {{color box|#CA49FF}} [[Lan Na]]<br/>
{{color box|#F76FFF}} [[Kerajaan Ava|Ava]] {{color box|#FF7098}} [[Kerajaan Hanthawaddy|Hanthawaddy]] {{color box|#FFBD49}} [[Kerajaan Sukhothai|Sukhothai]]<br/>
{{color box|#7364FB}} [[Kerajaan Ayutthaya|Ayutthaya]] {{color box|#FA516D}} [[Kekaisaran Khmer|Khmer]] {{color box|#F7F903}} [[Champa]]
</span>
| continent = Asia
| region = Asia Tenggara
| country = Laos
| era = Abad Pertengahan dan Renaisans
| status =
| event_start = Didirikan oleh Fa Ngum
| year_start = 1354
| date_start =
| event_end = Pembagian daerah
| year_end = 1707
| date_end =
| s1 = Kerajaan Luang Prabang
| flag_s1 = Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707-1893).svg
| s2 = Kerajaan Vientiane
| flag_s2 = Flag of the Kingdom of Vientiane (1707 - 1828).svg
| s3 = Kerajaan Champasak
| flag_s3 = Flag of the Kingdom of Champasak (1713-1947).svg
| capital = [[Luang Prabang]],
[[Vientiane]] (1560–1707)
| common_languages = [[bahasa Lao|Lao]]
| religion = [[Buddha]]
| government_type = Kerajaan
| leader1 = [[Fa Ngum]]
| year_leader1 = 1354–1385
| leader2 = [[Samsenethai]]
| year_leader2 = 1373–1416|title_leader
| leader3 = Setthathirath
|title_leader
| year_leader3 = 1548–1571
|leader3 = Setthathirath
| leader4 = [[Sourigna Vongsa]]
|year_leader3 = 1548–1571
| year_leader4 = 1637–1694
|leader4 = [[Sourigna Vongsa]]
| title_leader = Raja
|year_leader4 = 1637–1694
| today = {{flag|Laos}}<br />{{flag|Thailand}}<br />{{flag|CambodiaKamboja}}<br />{{flag|ChinaTiongkok}}<br />{{flag|Myanmar}}<br />{{flag|Vietnam}}
|title_leader = Raja
| p1 = Kerajaan Khmer
|today = {{flag|Laos}}<br />{{flag|Thailand}}<br />{{flag|Cambodia}}<br />{{flag|China}}<br />{{flag|Myanmar}}<br />{{flag|Vietnam}}
| flag_p1 = Flag_of_Cambodia_(pre-1863).svg
}}
<!-- {{History of Laos}} -->
Baris 87 ⟶ 88:
 
=== Raja Samsenthai dan Ratu Maha Devi ===
[[Berkas:Fa_Ngum-Vtne1.JPG|jmpl|Patung [[Fa Ngum]], pendiri Kerajaan Lan Xang.]]
[[Fa Ngum]] kembali memimpin Lan Xang di peperangan era 1360-an melawan Sukhothai. Lan Xang mampu untuk mempertahankan daerahnya namun cukup untuk memberi pihak kerajaan dan warga yang telah lelah akan perang alasan untuk menurunkan Fa Ngum dari takhta dan mengangkat putranya yaitu [[Samsenethai|Oun Huean]]. Fa Ngum diasingkan ke [[Muang Nan]], tempat ia wafat antara tahun 1373 dan 1390.{{sfnp|Stuart-Fox|2003|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=978-1-86448-954-5|p=80}}
 
Baris 161:
Pangeran Nokeo Koumane ditahan selama 21 tahun di Burma pada tahun 1591. [[Sangha]] di Lan Xang mengirimkan utusan untuk menemui [[Nandabayin|Raja Nandabayin]] untuk meminta agar Nokeo Koumane dipulangkan ke Lan Xang sebagai raja vasal. Pada tahun 1591, Nokeo Koumane naik takhta di [[Vientiane]], mengumpulkan pasukannya dan bergerak ke [[Luang Prabang]] untuk menyatukan kedua kota dan menyatakan kemerdekaan Lan Xang dan memutus segala hubungan dengan [[Kekaisaran Toungoo]]. Raja Nokeo Koumane kemudian bergerak ke Muang Phuan dan ke daerah negara bagian tengah untuk menyatukan kembali seluruh daerah Lan Xang.{{sfnp|Simms| 1999|p=88–90}}
 
Pada tahun 1593, Raja Nokeo Koumane melacarkanmelancarkan serangan ke Lanna dan Pangeran Taungoo [[Nawrahta Minsaw|Tharrawaddy Min]]. Tharrawaddy Min meminta pertolongan kepada [[Burma]], tetapi pemberontakan yang terjadi di seluruh negeri mencegahnya menerima bantuan. Di tengah keputusasaan, perimntaan bantuan disampaikan kepada vasal Burma di Ayutthaya, [[Naresuan|Raja Naresuan]]. [[Naresuan|Raja Naresuan]] menurunkan pasukan berjumlah besar dan beralih ke [[Tharrawaddy Min]], memaksa Burma untuk menerima kemerdekaan Ayutthaya dengan Lanna sebagai vasal. Raja Nokeo Koumane mengetahui bahwa ia tidak lebih kuat dari Ayutthaya dan [[Kerajaan Lanna|Lanna]] sehingga membatalkan rencana penyerangannya. Pada tahun 1596, Raja Nokeo Koumane wafat secara tiba-tiba tanpa memiliki pewaris takhta. Walaupun ia telah menyatukan Lan Xang dan mengembalikan kerajaan pada titik yang sama saat serangan dari luar mampu untuk ditangkis, perebutan takhta terjadi dan raja-raja dengan legitimasi lemah menjadi penerusnya hingga tahun 1637.{{sfnp|Simms| 1999|p=88–90}}
 
=== Masa Kejayaan Lan Xang ===
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* {{cite book|last=Stuart-Fox|first=Martin|title=The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang: Rise and Decline|url=https://archive.org/details/laokingdomoflanx0000stua|year=1998|publisher=White Lotus Press|isbn=974-8434-33-8|ref=harv}}
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{{refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/culture/luangprabang/XDXT.htm Legend of the Founding of Xieng Dong-Xieng Thong at Muang Sua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222825/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/culture/luangprabang/XDXT.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}
 
[[Kategori:Lan Xang| ]]