Saturn V: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox rocket
| image = Apollo 11 Launch - GPN-2000-000630.jpg
| caption = Peluncuran [[Apollo 11]] pada roket Saturn V SA-506, 16 Juli 1969
| name = Saturn V
| function = {{plainlist|
*Roket peluncur dari [[Program Apollo]]
*Roket peluncur dari [[Skylab]]}}
| manufacturer = {{plainlist|
*[[Boeing]] ([[S-IC]])
*[[North American Aviation|North American]] ([[S-II]])
*[[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas]] ([[S-IVB]])}}
| country-origin = [[United States]]
| pcost = $6.417 billion in 1964–1973 dollars<ref name="budget" /> (~$49.9 billion in 2020 dollars)
| cpl= $185 juta pada tahun 1969–1971 dollar<ref name="SP4221Ch6">{{cite web |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/ch6.htm|title=SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision- Chapter 6: Economics and the Shuttle|access-date=2011-01-15|publisher=NASA}}</ref> ($1.23 miliar pada tahun 2019).
| height = {{convert|363.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| diameter = {{convert|33.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| mass = {{convert|6.221.000|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|6.540.000|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=svgiw />
| stages = 2–3
<!-- "capacities=" includes 2 Infoboxes -->
| capacities =
{{Infobox rocket/Payload
| location =[[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
| altitude = {{convert|90|nmi|km|abbr=on}}
| inclination = 30°
| mass = {{convert|310000|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="Space-Launch Capabilities">{{Citation|title=Alternatives for Future U.S. Space-Launch Capabilities|publisher=The Congress of the United States. Congressional Budget Office|date=October 2006|page=4 9|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/10-09-spacelaunch.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Report of the Synthesis Group">{{Citation|title=America at the Threshold – Report of the Synthesis Group on America's Space Exploration Initiative|author=[[Thomas P. Stafford]]|year=1991|page=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zn4gAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Apollo+Saturn+V+launch+vehicle+had%22}}</ref><ref group=note name="infoNoteLEO group=note">Includes mass of [[Apollo command module]], [[Apollo service module]], [[Apollo Lunar Module]], [[Apollo (spacecraft)#Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter (SLA)|Spacecraft/LM Adapter]], [[Saturn V Instrument Unit]], [[S-IVB]] stage, and propellant for [[translunar injection]]</ref>
}}
{{Infobox rocket/payload
| location =[[Injeksi translunar|TLI]]
| mass = {{convert|107100|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=svgiw />
}}
<!-- end of "capacities=" parm -->
| family = [[Saturn (keluarga roket)|Saturn]]
| derivatives = [[Saturn INT-21]]
|comparable = {{flatlist|
* Bersejarah: [[N1 (roket)]]
* [[Energia]]
* Saat ini: [[Falcon Heavy]]
* Masa depan: [[Long March 9]]
* [[Space Launch System|SLS]]
* [[SpaceX Starship|Starship]]
}}
| status = Pensiun
| sites = [[Kompleks Peluncuran 39 Pusat Antariksa Kennedy|LC-39]], [[Kennedy Space Center]]
| launches = 13
| success = 12
| fail = 0
| partial = 1 ([[Apollo 6]])<!-- Apollo 13's S-II shutdown due to the pogo oscillations was classed an ANOMALY, not a partial failure—see the Reference Saturn 5 launch vehicle flight evaluation report: AS-508 Apollo 13 mission, page xxiv -->
| first=November 9, 1967 (AS-501<ref group=note name="serialnote" /> [[Apollo 4]]) <ref>{{cite web |title=APOLLO LAUNCHES |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/launches.cfm |website=airandspace.si.edu |access-date=24 July 2020 |archive-date=2020-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016180753/https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/launches.cfm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| last=Mei 14, 1973 (AS-513 [[Skylab]]) <ref>{{cite web |title=SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE FL'GHT EVALUATION REPORT -SA-513 SKYLAB 1 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19730025115.pdf |website=nasa.gov |publisher=NASA |access-date=21 July 2020 |date=1 August 1973}}</ref>
| stagedata=
{{Infobox rocket/Stage
| type = stage
| stageno = First
| name = [[S-IC]]
| length = {{convert|138.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| diameter = {{convert|33.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| empty = {{convert|287000|lb|abbr=on}}
| gross = {{convert|5040000|lb|abbr=on}}
| engines = 5 [[Rocketdyne F-1]]
| thrust = {{convert|7,891,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} sea level
| burntime = 168 seconds
| SI = {{convert|263|isp}} sea level
| fuel = [[RP-1]] / [[Liquid oxygen|LOX]]
}}
{{Infobox rocket/Stage
| type = stage
| stageno = Second
| name = [[S-II]]
| length = {{convert|81.5|ft|abbr=on}}
| diameter = {{convert|33.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| empty = {{convert|88400|lb|abbr=on}}<ref group=note name="infonote1">Includes S-II/S-IVB interstage</ref>
| gross = {{convert|1093900|lb|abbr=on}}<ref group=note name="infonote1" />
| engines = 5 [[Rocketdyne J-2]]
| thrust = {{convert|1,155,800|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} vacuum
| burntime = 360 seconds
| SI = {{convert|421|isp}} vacuum
| fuel = [[LH2|LH<sub>2</sub>]] / [[Liquid oxygen|LOX]]
}}
{{Infobox rocket/Stage
| type = stage
| stageno = Third
| name = [[S-IVB]]
| length = {{convert|61.6|ft|abbr=on}}
| diameter = {{convert|21.7|ft|abbr=on}}
| empty = {{convert|33600|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=":3" /><ref group=note name="infonote2 group=note">Includes [[Saturn V Instrument Unit|Instrument Unit]]</ref>
| gross = {{convert|271000|lb|abbr=on}}<ref group="note" name="infonote2 group=note" />
| engines = 1 [[Rocketdyne J-2]]
| thrust = {{convert|232,250|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} vacuum
| burntime = 165 + 335 seconds (2 burns)
| SI = {{convert|421|isp}} vacuum
| fuel = [[LH2|LH<sub>2</sub>]] / [[Liquid oxygen|LOX]]
}}
}}
'''Saturn V''' atau juga dikenal dengan '''Roket Apolo''' merupakan roket buatan Amerika Serikat dengan kelas Super Berat yang digunakan [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] dalam program Apollo antara Tahun 1967-1973. Roket ini memiliki tiga tingkat, yang masing masing menggunakan bahan bakar cair. Roket ini dikembangkan oleh [[Wernher von Braun]], Insinyur Roket dari Jerman yang direkrut oleh Amerika serikat pada masa [[Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia 2]]. [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] menggunakan Roket ini untuk mendaratkan manusia ke Bulan dan meluncurkan Stasiun luar angkasa pertama buatan Amerika serikat, [[Skylab]]
Saturn V sudah diluncurkan sebanyak 13 kali dari [[Pusat Luar Angkasa Kennedy|Kennedy Space Center]] dengan rekor keamanan yang cukup mentereng, yakni tidak pernah gagal atau mengalami kecelakaan yang menyebabkan muatan maupun para astronot meninggal dunia.. Sampai Tahun 2021, Saturn V masih menjadi roket tertinggi, terberat, dan paling kuat dari perhitungan daya dorong yang dihasilkan didunia pada roket yang pernah beroperasi. Saturn V juga memegang rekor Peluncuran dengan beban terberat keluar angkasa di dunia, dengan berat Muatan yang dibawa ke Orbit rendah Bumi (LEO) sebesar 310,000 lb (140,000 kg), yang dimana dengan berat Tahap tiga beserta Bahan bakar, Modul Pendaratan, dan Modul Orbit Bulan.
Menjadi roket Terbesar diantara keluarga roket Saturn, Wernher von Braun Mendesain dan membangun roket ini di [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] in [[Huntsville, Alabama]], dengan kontraktor [[Boeing]], [[North American Aviation]], [[Douglas Aircraft Company]], dan [[IBM]] .
Sampai saat ini, Saturn V masih menjadi satu satunya roket yang membawa manusia lebih jauh dari Orbit Rendah Bumi (LEO). Total sebanyak 15 Roket yang dibuat untuk misi Apollo, tapi hanya 13 yang Meluncur. sebanyak 3 Roket diproduksi untuk tujuan Uji Coba di darat. Total ada 24 Astronot yang diantarkan ke Bulan dengan Roket Saturn V selama Desember 1968 hingga Desember 1972.
== Komponen pada Roket Saturn V ==
Saturn V Terdiri dari tiga Tingkat, Yaitu tingkat pertama S-IC, Tingkat kedua S-II, dan Tingkat ketiga S-IVB—beserta Komponen instrumen roket. Semua Tingkat menggunakan Liquid Oxygen sebagai Oxydizer. sedangkan Bahan bakar untuk tingkat pertama menggunakan RP-1, Sementara untuk Tingkat kedua dan ketiga menggunakan liquid hydrogen (LH2). Dimana LH2 mempunyai energi yang besar pada kepadatannya sehingga mampu mengangkat roket ke orbit dengan massanya. sedangkan RP-1 mempunyai energi lebih besar pada kepadatannya dari Volumenya. Akibatnya, RP-1 dipilih untuk bahanbakar tingkat pertama karena volume LH2 yang dibutuhkan akan tiga kali lebih besar dari RP-1 dan akan menciptakan hambatan aerodinamis yang jauh lebih tinggi selama fase Peluncuran melalui atmosfer. Tingkat atas juga menggunakan bahan padat kecil yang membantu memisahkan tingkatan selama peluncuran, dan untuk memastikan bahwa bahan bakar cair berada pada posisi yang tepat untuk disedot ke dalam pompa agar tidak meledak.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roger E. Bilstein|date=1999-08|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JnoZTbVLx0MC|title=Stages to Saturn A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicle|publisher=DIANE Publishing|others=unknown library|language=English}}</ref>
== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}
<references group="note"/>
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
<div class="references-small">
* Akens, David S (1971). [http://history.nasa.gov/MHR-5/contents.htm Saturn illustrated chronology: Saturn's first eleven years, April 1957 - April 1968]. NASA - Marshall Space Flight Center as MHR-5. Also available in [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740004382_1974004382.pdf PDF format.] Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
* Benson, Charles D. and William Barnaby Faherty (1978). [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/cover.html ''Moonport: A history of Apollo launch facilities and operations''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318012712/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/cover.html |date=2011-03-18 }} NASA. Also available in [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790003956_1979003956.pdf PDF format]. Retrieved on 2008-02-19. Published by University Press of Florida in two volumes: ''Gateway to the Moon: Building the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex'', 2001, ISBN 0-8130-2091-3 and ''Moon Launch!: A History of the Saturn-Apollo Launch Operations'', 2001 ISBN 0-8130-2094-8.
* Bilstein, Roger E. (1996). [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/sp4206.htm ''Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicle.''] NASA SP-4206. ISBN 0-16-048909-1. Also available in [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19970009949_1997011911.pdf PDF format]. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
* Lawrie, Alan (2005). ''Saturn'', Collectors Guide Publishing, ISBN 1-894959-19-1.
* Orloff, Richard W (2001). [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00_Welcome.htm ''Apollo By The Numbers: A Statistical Reference.''] NASA. Also available in [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010008244_2001006037.pdf PDF format]. Retrieved on 2008-02-19. Published by Government Reprints Press, 2001, ISBN 1-931641-00-5.
* [http://www.astronautix.com/data/satvint.pdf Final Report - Studies of Improved Saturn V Vehicles and Intermediate Payload Vehicles] (PDF). NASA - George C. Marshall Space Flight Center under Contract NAS&-20266. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19900066482_1990066482.pdf Saturn 5 launch vehicle flight evaluation report: AS-501 Apollo 4 mission] (PDF). NASA – George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (1968). Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19900066486_1990066486.pdf Saturn 5 launch vehicle flight evaluation report: AS-508 Apollo 13 mission] (PDF). NASA – George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (1970). Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19750063889_1975063889.pdf Saturn V Flight Manual - SA-503] (PDF). NASA – George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (1968). Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
* [http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/saturn_apollo/saturnv_press_kit.html Saturn V Press Kit.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007204013/http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/saturn_apollo/saturnv_press_kit.html |date=2018-10-07 }} Marshall Space Flight Center History Office. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
</div>
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Saturn V (rocket)|Saturn V}}
=== Situs NASA ===
* [http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/saturn_apollo/display.html Three Saturn Vs on Display Teach Lessons in Space History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623171802/http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/saturn_apollo/display.html |date=2019-06-23 }}
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/ Apollo Lunar Surface Journal]
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19710065502_1971065502.pdf Declassified 1964 NASA technical memo on Saturn Rockets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050416215829/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19710065502_1971065502.pdf |date=2005-04-16 }} Note that this is a large PDF file (61 [[Megabyte]]s)
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19700076250_1970076250.pdf Launch complex 39 facility description from 1966] (10 Megabyte PDF file)
* [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol4/cover.pdf Exploring the Unknown] Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program
=== Situs lain ===
* [http://www.apollosaturn.com Apollo Saturn Reference Page]
* [http://www.apolloarchive.com Project Apollo Archive]
* [http://www.apollotv.net Apollo/Saturn V Development] ApolloTV.net Video
* [http://www.apollosaturn.com/sibnews/sec5 Saturn I-IVB Stage]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://apollo11nasa.blogspot.com/ Blog about Apollo 11 mission]
=== Simulator ===
* [http://www.SaturnVExplorer.com 3D Saturn V Explorer and Launch Simulation Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110052447/http://saturnvexplorer.com/ |date=2016-01-10 }}
* [http://www.ApolloSimulator.com 3D Apollo Simulator with Saturn V Simulation Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228152852/http://www.apollosimulator.com/ |date=2014-12-28 }}
* [http://nassp.sourceforge.net/wiki/Main_Page Saturn V/Saturn IB simulation for Orbiter spaceflight sim]
{{teknologi-stub}}
[[Kategori:Roket]]
[[Kategori:Kendaraan peluncur
[[Kategori:Perlengkapan Program Apollo]]
[[Kategori:Operasi Paperclip]]
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