Alexander Downer: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Alexander John Gosse Downer''' (lahir [[9 September]] [[1951]]), adalah Menteri Luar Negeri [[Australia]] sejak Maret [[1996]]. Ia juga pernah menjabat sebagai Ketua Fraksi Partai Liberal di Parlemen Federal Australia pada tahun 1994-1995.
== Biografi ==
Downer lahir di [[Adelaide]], [[Australia Selatan]], dari keluarga politisi ternama. Ayahnya [[Alexander Downer, Sr.|Sir Alexander "Alec" Downer]], juga pernah menduduki jabatan dalam kabinet federal, serta ''[[High Commissioner]]'' di [[London]] pada tahun 1963-1972. Kakeknya, Sir [[John Downer]], adalah senator pada Parlemen federal pertama pada tahun [[1901]]. Ibunya, Lady Downer (terlahir: Mary Gosse), merupakan keturunan imigran yang awal di Australia Selatan. Downer menikah dengan Nicola (terlahir Robinson) dan memiliki empat orang anak: Georgina, Olivia, Edward, dan Henrietta. Downer menempuh pendidikan di [[Geelong Grammar School]] Australia, kemudian di [[Radley College]] dan [[University of Newcastle upon Tyne]] di [[Britania]] ketika ayahnya menjabat sebagai ''High Commissioner''. Ia kemudian bekerja di
''Australian Diplomatic Service'' hingga tahun [[1982]]. Lalu ia bekerja sebagai penasihat Perdana Menteri dari [[Partai Liberal Australia|Partai Liberal]], [[Malcolm Fraser]]. Tahun [[1984]] ia terpilih sebagai anggota Parlemen Australia dari Daerah Pemilihan Mayo, di [[Adelaide Hills]]. Partai Liberal merupakan partai oposisi pada tahun 1983-1996, dan Downer pun menduduki sejumlah posisi pada front Oposisi sejak tahun [[1987]].
<!-- Downer's establishment family background and accent have sometimes been the subject of political attacks which exploit anti-elitist sentiment. Labor MP [[Mick Young]], also a South Australian, once said: "Downer's [[gamekeeper]]'s house is bigger than [[The Lodge]]" (the latter being the Prime Minister's residence.) Downer's [[Varieties of Australian English#Cultivated Australian English|Cultivated Australian English]] accent is becoming much less common amongst politicians. Downer is also often caricatured in political cartoons wearing fishnet stockings and highheels, which he once donned for a charity event. -->
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== Menteri Luar Negeri ==
[[
Downer ditunjuk sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri ketika pemerintahan [[John Howard|Howard]] terpilih pada bulan Maret [[1996]]. Ia menjadi Menteri Luar Negeri yang menduduki jabatan terlama sejak [[20 Desember]], [[2004]].
Tahun 1999, Downer turut serta dalam negosiasi masuknya pasukan perdamaian [[INTERFET]] ke [[Timor Timur]].[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/447639.stm] Ia juga melakukan sebuah negosiasi atas migas di [[Celah Timor]], di tengah tuduhan bahwa persetujuan tersebut merugikan Timor Timur. [http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s799609.htm] Sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri, Downer memainkan peranan penting dalam perselisihan diplomatik yang dikenal dengan [[MV Tampa|Tampa affair]] tahun [[2001]], dimana Australia menolak
He has been a firm supporter of the legality of the [[Iraq war]] and he vociferously defended the claim that [[weapons of mass destruction]] would be found in [[Iraq]] to justify the [[2003]] [[invasion of Iraq|invasion]] of that country, long after this claim was abandoned by many others. [http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s870415.htm] [http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2005/s1302767.htm]
[
In August 2006, it was claimed by a former weapons inspector [[Dr John Gee]], thaat Downer had in 2004 suppressed information that the search for weapons of mass descruction in Iraq was fundamentally flawed. [http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/weapons-coverup-revealed/2006/08/30/1156816970606.html] [http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/weapons-downer-admits-being-told/2006/08/31/1156817034562.html] [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200609/s1730309.htm]
In March [[2006]] he strongly opposed any form of co-operation with India, in the post US-Indian nuclear co-operation deal. Downer is quoted as saying "Australia had no plans to change a policy which rules out uranium sales to countries like India which have not signed the UN's nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)."
In April [[2006]] he appeared before the [[Cole Inquiry]] regarding the Iraq oil for food scandal and testified that he was ignorant of the kickbacks paid to the Iraq government, despite several warnings that had been received by his department from various sources
[http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Australian_foreign_minister_tells_inquiry_it_was_the_UN%27s_job_to_investigate_Iraq_kickback_claims] [http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Portal:Australia/Cole_Inquiry]. In July [[2006]] it was revealed that six months before the [[2003]] invasion of Iraq, Downer had argued that participating in the invasion would be commercially beneficial for Australia. [http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/australias-other-war-in-iraq/2006/07/02/1151778811475.html]
As Australian [[Foreign Affairs]] minister, Downer has supported the U.S. in the incarceration of two Australian citizens, [[David Hicks]]
A major recent challenge has been handling relations with Australia's most important neighbour, [[Indonesia]] when Australia accepted a boatload of asylum seekers from Indonesia's Papua province in March [[2006]]. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4835788.stm]
== Referensi ==
* [[David Marr (journalist)|David Marr]] & [[Marian Wilkinson]] ''Dark Victory''. ISBN 1-74114-447-7
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Menteri Luar Negeri Australia]]
* [[Politik Australia]]
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.sa.liberal.org.au/downer/ Alexander Downer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603113026/http://www.sa.liberal.org.au/downer/ |date=2004-06-03 }} - Profil di @ SA Liberals
* [http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/ Alexander Downer] - His official Australian Government webpage
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{{succession box | title=Ketua [[Partai Liberal]] | before=[[John Hewson|Dr John Hewson]] | after=[[John Howard]] | years=
{{succession box | title = [[Menteri Luar Negeri Australia]] | before = [[Gareth Evans (politisi)|Gareth Evans]] | after=- | years=1996-sekarang}}
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[[Kategori:Anggota kabinet Australia]]
[[Kategori:Menteri Australia]]
[[Kategori:Ketua Partai Liberal Australia]]
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