Mao Zedong: Perbedaan antara revisi

| birth_place = [[Shaoshan]], [[Hunan]], [[Dinasti Qing|Kekaisaran Qing]]

Di Changsha, Mao mulai mengajar sejarah di Sekolah Dasar Xiuye<ref>{{harvnb|Pantsov|Levine|2012|p=68}}.</ref> ​​dandan mengorganisir protes terhadap Gubernur pro-Duan Provinsi Hunan, Zhang Jingyao, yang dikenal sebagai "Zhang yang Berbisa" karena pemerintahannya yang korup dan kejam.<ref>{{harvnb|Pantsov|Levine|2012|p=76}}.</ref> Pada akhir Mei, Mao mendirikan Asosiasi Pelajar Hunan bersama He Shuheng dan [[Deng Zhongxia]], mengorganisir pemogokan mahasiswa untuk bulan Juni dan pada Juli 1919 memulai produksi majalah radikal mingguan, ''Ulasan Sungai Xiang (Xiangjiang pinglun)''. Dengan menggunakan bahasa daerah yang dapat dimengerti oleh mayoritas penduduk Tiongkok, ia menganjurkan perlunya "Persatuan Besar Massa Rakyat", memperkuat serikat-serikat buruh yang mampu mengobarkan revolusi tanpa kekerasan. Ide-idenya bukanlah Marxis, tetapi sangat dipengaruhi oleh konsep gotong royong Kropotkin.<ref>{{harvnb|Schram|1966|pp=53–54}}; {{harvnb|Pantsov|Levine|2012|pp=71–76}}.</ref>

Mao memberikan pernyataan yang bertentangan tentang masalah kultus kepribadian. Pada tahun 1955, sebagai tanggapan atas Laporan Khrushchev yang mengkritik Joseph Stalin, Mao menyatakan bahwa kultus kepribadian adalah "penyelamatan ideologis yang beracun dari masyarakat lama", dan menegaskan kembali komitmen Tiongkok terhadap kepemimpinan kolektif.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mao Zedong: A Political and Intellectual Portrait|url=https://archive.org/details/maozedongpolitic0000meis|first=Maurice|last=Meisner|publisher=Polity|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/maozedongpolitic0000meis/page/133 133]}}</ref> Pada kongres partai tahun 1958 di Chengdu, Mao menyatakan dukungannya terhadap kultus kepribadian orang-orang yang dia beri label sebagai sosok yang benar-benar layak, bukan mereka yang menyatakan "pemujaan buta".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://library.thinkquest.org/26469/cultural-revolution/cult.html | title = Cult of Mao | publisher = library.thinkquest.org | access-date = 23 August 2008 | quote = This remark of Mao seems to have elements of truth but it is false. He confuses the worship of truth with a personality cult, despite there being an essential difference between them. But this remark played a role in helping to promote the personality cult that gradually arose in the CCP. | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080601001246/http://library.thinkquest.org/26469/cultural-revolution/cult.html | archive-date = 1 June 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

* {{cite book|last= Becker |first= Jasper |author-link= Jasper Becker |title= Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iC4g0gXBmIkC |year= 1998 |publisher= Holt Paperbacks |isbn= 978-0805056686 | ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |last=Carter |first=Peter |title=Mao |url=https://archive.org/details/mao0000cart |year=1976 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |isbn=978-0192731401 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1= Chang |first1= Jung |last2= Halliday |first2= Jon |author-link1= Jung Chang |author-link2= Jon Halliday |title=Mao: The Unknown Story |url= https://archive.org/details/maounknownstory0000chan_d4l5 |year=2005 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |location=London |isbn=978-0224071260 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last= Chirot |first= Daniel |title= Modern tyrants: the power and prevalence of evil in our age |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=e-kVgozyE8gC |year= 1996 |publisher= [[Princeton University Press]] |isbn= 978-0691027777 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last= Clisson |first= Tim |title= Chinese Rules: Mao's Dog, Deng's Cat, and Five Timeless Lessons from the Front Lines in China |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yWqBAwAAQBAJ |year= 2014 |publisher= NY: Harper |isbn= 978-0062316578 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last= Dikötter |first= Frank |author-link= Frank Dikötter |title=Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62 |year= 2010 |publisher= Walker & Company |location= London |isbn= 978-0802777683 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Feigon |first=Lee |author-link=Lee Feigon |title=Mao: A Reinterpretation |url=https://archive.org/details/maoreinterpretat0000feig |year=2002 |isbn=978-1566634588 |publisher=Ivan R. Dee |location=Chicago |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last= Gao |first= Mobo |title= The Battle for China's Past: Mao and the Cultural Revolution |year= 2008 |publisher= Pluto Press |location= London |isbn= 978-0745327808 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Hollingworth |first=Clare |author-link=Clare Hollingworth |title=Mao and the Men Against Him |url=https://archive.org/details/maomenagainsthim0000holl |year=1985 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |location=London |isbn=978-0224017602 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal|last1= Kuisong |first1= Yang |date=March 2008 |title= Reconsidering the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_china-quarterly_2008-03_193/page/102 |journal= [[The China Quarterly]] |volume= 193 |issue= 193 |pages= 102–121 |doi= 10.1017/S0305741008000064 |s2cid= 154927374 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Li |first=Zhisui |author-link=Li Zhisui |title=The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician |url=https://archive.org/details/privatelifeofcha00lizh_0 |url-access=registration |year= 1994 |publisher=Random House |location=London |isbn=978-0679764434 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1= MacFarquhar |first1= Roderick |author-link1= Roderick MacFarquhar |last2= Schoenhals |first2= Michael |title=Mao's Last Revolution |year= 2006 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0674027480 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1= Pantsov |first1= Alexander V. |last2= Levine |first2= Steven I. |title=Mao: The Real Story |year=2012 |publisher= Simon & Schuster |location=New York and London |isbn=978-1451654479 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last= Schram |first= Stuart |author-link= Stuart R. Schram |title= Mao Tse-Tung |year= 1966 |publisher= Simon & Schuster |location= London |isbn= 978-0140208405 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/maotsetung0000schr |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last= Short |first= Philip |author-link= Philip Short |title= Mao: A Life |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4y6mACbLWGsC |year= 2001 |publisher= [[Owl Books]] |isbn= 978-0805066388 |ref=harv}}

** {{cite news |author=John F. Burns |date=6 February 2000 |title=Methods of the Great Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/06/reviews/000206.06burnst.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}

* {{cite book|last= Schaik |first= Sam |title= Tibet: A History |url= https://archive.org/details/tibethistory0000vans |year= 2011 |publisher= Yale University Press Publications |location= New Haven |isbn= 978-0300154047 }}