Wikipedia

Panzer III: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan aplikasi seluler
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: VisualEditor Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
 
(76 revisi perantara oleh 27 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{refimprove}}
{{Infobox Weapon
|name= Panzerkampfwagen III
|image= [[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0562A-06, Russland, Kolonne mit Panzer III.jpg|420px]]
|image= [[File:PanzerIISaumur.jpg|300px]]
|caption= PzKpfw IIIII Ausf. CJ didengan Pelindung Ekstra pada bagian turret saat Persiapan [[Musée desPertempuran BlindéKursk]]s.
|origin={{flag|NaziJerman GermanyNazi}}
|type= Tank Kelas Medium
|is_vehicle= yes
|service= 1936–19451935–1945
|used_by=[[Jerman Nazi]]
|used_by=[[Jerman Nazi)|Nazi Jerman]]<br>[[Kerajaan Rumania]]<br>[[Republik Slowakia (1939-1945)|Republik Slovakia (1939-1945)]]<br>[[Kerajaan Hungaria]]<br>[[Negara Independen Kroasia]]<br>[[Turki]]<br>[[Norwegia]]
Aliansi :<br>[[Kerajaan Italia]]<br>[[Kerajaan Rumania]]<br>[[Cekoslowakia]]<br>[[Kerajaan Hungaria]]<br>[[Bulgaria]]<br>[[Kroasia]]<br>[[Spanyol]]<br>[[Polandia]]<br>[[Norwegia]]
|wars= [[Perang Dunia II]]
|designer=
|design_date= 19341933–1934
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date= 1935–1943
|number= 1,856881
|variants=
|crew= 5 (komandanKomandan, penembakPenembak senjataSenjata utamaMeriam Utama, supirSupir, pengisiPengisi peluruPeluru, operatorOperator radioRadio)
|length= {{convert|4.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|width= {{convert|2.22|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
Baris 22 ⟶ 24:
|weight= 8,9 ton (Ausf. A-C)
|armor= 5–14,5 mm (Ausf. A-C)
|primary_armament= 1 × [[2 cm KwK 30]]37.5mm ''Ausf. a–FA–F''<br>1 × 250.3mm cmatau KwK 3855.3mm ''Ausf. J–LJ–M''
|secondary_armament= 1 × [[7,92 x 57 mm|7.92&nbsp;mm]] [[MG 34|Maschinengewehr 34]]
|engine= 6-cyl [[Maybach]] HL 62TRM [[bensin]]
Baris 31 ⟶ 33:
|vehicle_range= {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}
}}
'''Panzer II''' ('''Panzerkampfwagen II''' disingkat '''PzKpfw II''') adalah [[tank ringan]] [[Jerman]] pada masa [[Perang Dunia II]].
 
'''Panzer III''' adalah Tank kelas sedang (Medium Tank) yang didesain dan dikembangan oleh [[Nazi Jerman]] dengan nama Panzerkampfwagen III / Proyek [[SdKfz]] 141 (dalam [[bahasa Jerman]] ''Panzerkampfwagen'' artinya: kendaraan lapis baja untuk bertempur). Tank ini sangat populer di pasukan Jerman pada saat era [[Perang Dunia ke-2]].
Tank ini awalnya diproduksi pada tahun 1935 untuk mengisi kekosongan ketika ada keterlambatan pada perancangan [[Panzer III]] dan [[Panzer IV]]. Namun akhirnya Panzer II berperan penting dalam masa awal Perang Dunia II, khususnya pada [[invasi Polandia]] dan [[Pertempuran Perancis|invasi Perancis]]. Tank ini juga dipakai melawan [[Inggris]] di Afrika Utara dan di [[Front Timur (Perang Dunia II)|Front Timur]] menghadapi [[Uni Soviet]].
 
Tank ini menjadi tulang punggung untuk keseluruhan [[Wehrmacht|Angkatan Bersenjata Jerman]] seperti saat [[Invasi Polandia|Penyerangan Jerman ke Polandia (1939)]], Operasi Weserubung, Fall Gelb, Kampanye Afrika Utara hingga menjelang kekalahan Jerman di Perang Dunia Ke-2 pada tahun 1945. Panzer III sangat efektif digunakan untuk menembus masuk ke garis pertahanan musuh di Front Barat (1939-40) dan Front Afrika (1940-1943).
Produksi tank ini berakhir pada 1943, tetapi masih digunakan sebagai landasan untuk pembuatan [[kendaraan tempur lapis baja]] [[Wespe]] dan [[Marder II]].
 
Panzer III Ausf J-M yang dipersenjatai meriam utama 50.3mm atau 55.3mm memberikan penetrasi sebesar 75-100mm dan mampu memuntahkan 13-17 tembakan dalam 1 menit.
{{kendaraan militer-stub}}
 
Ketika terjadinya pendaratan Sekutu di Normandy (D-Day), Panzer III Ausf J-M banyak menghancurkan tank sekutu yang memiliki armor tipis (Paper Armor) seperti M-18 Hellcat.
[[Kategori:Tank ringan]]
[[Kategori:Tank Jerman dalam Perang Dunia II]]
 
Layaknya pada [[Operasi Lüttich]] (1944), selama serangan balik Jerman berlangsung 35 Panzer III Ausf J-M yang merupakan pecahan dari elemen 3 Divisi Panzer pimpinan [[Günther von Kluge]] berhasil menghancurkan 27 Tank sekutu (19 unit M-18 Hellcat dan 8 unit M4 Sherman) dengan hanya kehilangan 6 tank dan 1 rusak berat dipihaknya. Ini juga menjadi salah satu alasan sekutu kedepannya untuk lebih mengerahkan Infanteri Anti-Tank secara masif dalam penyergapan melawan unit-unit tank Jerman dari pada harus berhadapan "Tank vs Tank" yang beresiko tinggi.
==Development history==
On January 11, 1934, following specifications laid down by [[Heinz Guderian]], the Army Weapons Department drew up plans for a medium tank with a maximum weight of {{convert|24000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and a top speed of {{convert|35|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. It was intended as the main tank of the German [[Panzer division]]s, capable of engaging and destroying opposing tank forces.
 
Namun ketika diproduksi-nya [[Panzer IV|Panzerkampfwagen IV]] posisi Panzer III mulai di ganti karena senjata utama (75.3mm) Panzer IV lebih cocok dalam pertempuran jarak jauh (800 meter keatas) melawan tank musuh yang memiliki armor lebih tebal seperti [[M4 Sherman]] (Amerika), [[KV-1]] dan [[T-34]] (Uni Soviet/Rusia).
At the time, it was widely held that tanks would be used in two ways. The first use was, of course, direct combat against other tanks and other armoured vehicles, requiring the tank to fire armour piercing (AP) shells. The second use was protecting other tanks against [[anti-tank gun]]s and infantry, firing high explosive shells at such soft targets. It was the infantry, in prepared defences and equipped with anti-tank guns, that was thought to present the biggest threat to armour. Tanks designed to operate with friendly infantry against the enemy generally carried more armour and were heavier. A separate class, known as [[cruiser tank|cruisers]] or [[medium tank|mediums]], were intended to exploit gaps in the enemy lines where opposition had been removed, moving through and attacking the enemy's unprotected [[lines of communication]] and the [[Rear (military)|rear areas]]. These designs were lighter and faster. The Panzer III was built to this lighter standard, and was intended to be paired with the [[Panzer IV]]. The infantry-support role was provided by the turretless ''[[Sturmgeschütz]]'' assault gun, mounting a howitzer on a Panzer III chassis.
 
Panzer III juga salah satu dari sekian banyak [[Medium Tank]] paling sukses selama era Perang Dunia Ke-2 berkecamuk.
[[Daimler-Benz]], [[Krupp]], [[MAN SE|MAN]], and [[Rheinmetall]] all produced prototypes. Testing of these took place in 1936 and 1937, leading to the Daimler-Benz design being chosen for production. The first model of the Panzer III, the ''Ausführung A.'' (Ausf. A), came off the assembly line in May 1937; ten, two of which were unarmed, were produced in that year. Mass production of the Ausf. F version began in 1939. Between 1937 and 1940, attempts were made to standardize parts between [[Krupp]]'s Panzer IV and Daimler-Benz's Panzer III.
 
== Sejarah ==
Much of the early development work on the Panzer III was a quest for a suitable suspension. Several varieties of [[leaf-spring suspension]]s were tried on Ausf. A through Ausf. D, usually using eight relatively small-diameter road wheels before the [[torsion-bar suspension]] of the Ausf. E was standardized, using the six road wheel design that became standard. The Panzer III, along with the Soviet [[Kliment Voroshilov tank|KV heavy tank]], was one of the first tanks to use this suspension design.
=== Asal-muasal ===
[[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-139-1112-17, Russland-Mitte, Heinz Guderian.jpg|jmpl|[[Heinz Guderian|Guderian]] Jenderal [[Heinz Guderian]] di Front Timur.]]
 
Pada awal 1934, sesuai dari spesifikasi [[Heinz Guderian]], Departemen Persenjataan Angkatan Darat Wehrmacht menggambar cetak biru untuk tank medium Dengan Berat 24.000 kg maksimal dan kecepatan 35 Km/jam. Yang mana bertujuan untuk menjadi tank pokok Angkatan Darat Jerman pada waktu itu dan untuk mendukung [[Blitzkrieg|Taktik Perang Kilat]] yang tengah di gagas.
A distinct feature of the Panzer III, influenced by [[Tanks in the British Army|British]] [[Vickers Medium Mark I|Vickers tanks]] (1924), was the three-man turret. This meant that the [[Tank commander|commander]] was not distracted with another role in the tank (e.g. as gunner or loader) and could fully concentrate on maintaining awareness of the situation and directing the tank. Most tanks of the time did not have this capability,<ref>{{cite web|title=AFV Development During World War II|url=http://www.onwar.com/articles/9810.htm|author=Ralph Zuljan |quote=Originally published in "World War II" at Suite101.com on October 1, 1998. |edition=revised |date= July 1, 2003}}</ref> providing the Panzer III with a combat advantage versus such tanks. For example, the French [[Somua S-35]] only had a one-man turret crew, and the [[Tanks in the Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[T-34]] originally had a two-man turret crew. The practical importance of this feature is signified by the fact that not only all the further German tank designs inherited it, but also later into the war, most Allied tank designs either quickly switched to the three-man turret, or they were abandoned as obsolete.{{cn|date=April 2015}}
 
Pada waktu itu Tank ini akan di gunakan dengan dua cara. Pertama adalah, dengan cara biasa yaitu pertempuran tank standar yang melibatkan tank dengan tank menembakkan masing-masing senjatanya. Cara kedua untuk menghancurkan unit anti-tank dan untuk menggilas infanteri. Tank ini juga di kembangkan menjadi Assault Gun seperti Sturmgeschütz III bahkan dikembangkan menjadi tank kelas menengah generasi ke-4 [[Panzer IV]].
The Panzer III, as opposed to the Panzer IV, had no turret basket, merely a foot rest platform for the gunner.<ref>Some authors say that basket was added in Ausf. H, some object that: {{cite web|title=German Panzerkampwagen III, Ausf.J, Part 1|url=http://www.kithobbyist.com/AFVInteriors/pz3/pz3a.html|accessdate=16 January 2011|author=Mike Kendall|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20001204220400/http://www.kithobbyist.com/AFVInteriors/pz3/pz3a.html|archivedate=4 December 2000}}</ref>
 
Pasca [[Invasi Polandia]] tank ini banyak di perjual-belikan di lingkup Blok Poros karena ketenaran tank ini melawan tank-tank sekutu yang kewalahan di Front Barat. Seperti Angkatan Darat [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] membelinya untuk melakukan rekayasa balik. Beberapa negara boneka Jerman juga memilikinya seperti [[Negara Independen Kroasia]] yang langsung diberi secara cuma-cuma oleh Wehrmacht untuk mempertahankan Front Timur.
The Panzer III was intended as the primary battle tank of the German forces. However, when it initially met the [[KV-1]] and T-34 tanks it proved to be inferior in both armour and gun power. To meet the growing need to counter these tanks, the Panzer III was up-gunned with a longer, more powerful {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun and received more armour although this failed to effectively address the problem caused by the KV tank designs. As a result, production of self-propelled guns, as well as the up-gunning of the Panzer IV was initiated.
 
=== Lapis Baja ===
In 1942, the final version of the Panzer III, the Ausf. N, was created with a {{convert|75|mm|in|2|adj=on}} KwK 37 L/24 cannon, the same short-barreled howitzer-like gun used for [[Panzer IV#Ausf. A to Ausf. F1|the initial models]] of the [[Panzer IV]], a low-velocity gun designed for anti-infantry and close-support work. For defensive purposes, the Ausf. N was equipped with rounds of [[High-explosive anti-tank warhead|HEAT]] ammunition which could penetrate {{convert|70|to|100|mm|in|2}} of armour depending on the round's variant, but these were strictly used for self-defense.
Panzer III versi Awal Ausf. A hinga C memiliki baja dengan ketebalan 15 mm di depan dan samping kecuali di belakang yang di belakang hanya kurang lebih 10 mm. Dirasa tidak cukup, lapisan bajanya ditingkatkan menjadi 30 mm di semua sisi pada model Ausf. D,E,F, dan G, kecuali pada versi H dimana ada tambahan pelat setebal 30 mm di bagian depan dan belakang. Ausf. J memiliki pelat baja utuh setebal 50 mm di depan dan belakang, sedangkan pada Ausf. J¹, L, dan M ditambah lagi dengan pelat setebal 20 mm di bagian depan. Puncak ketebalan lapis baja Panzer III adalah saat di pasangkan pelindung ekstra atau Schürzen dalam bahasa Jerman tetapi mempengaruhi fleksibelitas tank ini yang terkenal lincah di berbagai medan. Selain kebutuhan perang juga dengan medan terkadang di sesuaikan, seperti di Afrika Utara pasukan [[Erwin Rommel|Jendral Rommel]] yang rata-rata berperisai tipis karena cuaca yang panas di Afrika.
 
=== Persenjataan ===
The Japanese government bought two Panzer IIIs from their German allies during the war (one 50&nbsp;mm and one 75&nbsp;mm). Purportedly this was for [[reverse engineering]] purposes, since [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] put more emphasis on the development of new military aircraft and naval technology and had been dependent on European influence in designing new tanks. By the time the vehicles were delivered the Panzer III's technology was obsolete.<ref>Zaloga (2007), p.17</ref>
[[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1994-009-17, Griechenland, gefangener Neuseeländer.jpg|jmpl|Panzerbefehlswagen (Tank Komandan) III ausf E or F di Yunani (1941).]]
 
Panzer III versi Ausf. A hingga F awal dilengkapi dengan sebuah meriam [[3.7 cm KwK 36|3.7 cm KwK 36 L/45]] yang terbukti cukup mumpuni pada perang pada tahun 1939-1940. Tetapi versi Ausf. F hingga J dilengkapi dengan [[5 cm KwK 38|5 cm KwK 38 L/42]] untuk meningkatkan performanya dan Ausf. J¹ hingga M diberi [[5 cm KwK 39|5 cm KwK 39 L/60]] yang lebih panjang untuk menjawab munculnya tank musuh yang lebih kuat dan juga dilengkapi oleh 2 senjata mesin MG34 kaliber 7,92 mm.
===Armour===
The Panzer III Ausf. A through C had {{convert|15|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} of [[rolled homogeneous armour]] on all sides with {{convert|10|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} on the top and {{convert|5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} on the bottom. This was quickly determined to be insufficient, and was upgraded to {{convert|30|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} on the front, sides and rear in the Ausf. D, E, F, and G models, with the H model having a second {{convert|30|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} layer of face-hardened steel applied to the front and rear hull. The Ausf. J model had a solid {{convert|50|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} plate on the front and rear, while the Ausf. J¹, L, and the M models had an additional layer of offset {{convert|20|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} homogeneous steel plate on the front hull and turret, with the M model having additional {{convert|5|mm|2|abbr=on}} ''Schürzen'' [[spaced armour]] on the hull sides, and {{convert|8|mm|2|abbr=on}} on the turret sides and rear. This additional frontal armor gave the Panzer III frontal protection from most British and Soviet anti-tank guns at all but close ranges. The sides were still vulnerable to many enemy weapons, including [[anti-tank rifle]]s at close ranges.
 
== Sejarah Pertempuran ==
===Armament===
=== Front Barat, Utara, dan Timur (Polandia) ===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1994-009-17, Griechenland, gefangener Neuseeländer.jpg|thumb|Panzerbefehlswagen (command tank) III ausf E or F in Greece, fitted with a 37 mm gun and two coaxial machine guns (1941).]]
Karier Panzer III di mulai saat [[Invasi Polandia]] dijalankan pada [[1 September 1939]] tank ini dipindahkan ke timur tepat setelah Aneksasi [[Cekoslowakia]] untuk rencana ini. Selanjutnya divisi-divisi tank [[Wehrmacht]] maupun [[Waffen-SS]] di perintahkan untuk merebut [[Warsawa]] secepatnya dan sesegera mungkin. dalam berbagai pertempuran yang pecah di [[Polandia]] cukup banyak memakan banyak tank ini bukan karena Tank [[Polandia]] tetapi karena [[ranjau]] dan senjata anti-tank [[Polandia]]. Bagaimanapun kekalahan telak memaksa [[Polandia]] menanda tangani surat menyerah tanpa syarat.
 
Setelah [[Polandia]] Panzer III menuju ke utara [[Jerman]] yaitu [[Denmark]],dan [[Norwegia]] untuk mencegah [[Inggris]] menginvasi Norwegia karena letaknya yang dekat dengan wilayah Jerman. Di Front Utara ini Panzer III malah tak terkalahkan karena negara-negara Negeri Skandinavia hanya [[Swedia]] yang pada waktu itu dapat membuat Tank. Meskipun Denmark dan Norwegia memiliki Tank tetapi tak digunakan sebagaimana Jerman menggunakannya.
The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the {{convert|37|mm|in|2|adj=on}} [[PaK 36]], and it was thought that, in the interest of standardization, the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision would later assure the Panzer III a prolonged life in the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]].
 
Pasca kampanye di utara Jerman yang kesal karena armada konvoi suplai perbekalan Jerman yang terus menerus di serang oleh Inggris, dan Prancis yang menyerang Rheinland dengan Peluru-Peluru Artileri yang di tembakkan terus menerus memutuskan untuk menyerang Inggris dan sekutunya Prancis. Karena taktik yang dipakai pada [[Perang Dunia ke-1]] gagal maka salah satu Jendral Jerman [[von Manstein]] membuat rencana baru dengan menyerang negara-negara rendah di Eropa Barat Seperti [[Kerajaan Belanda]], [[Kerajaan Belgia]], [[Luxemburg]], baru menyerang Prancis lewat utara. di Front barat ini Panzer III ini mulai mendapat lawan sepadan yaitu dengan Tank Cruiser dan tank-tank Prancis dengan perisai tebal dan senjata berat tapi cara pemakaian tank yang berbeda dengan Wehrmacht, Angkatan Darat Prancis tidak membuat divisi khusus tank tetapi menggunakan tank sebagai alat bantu Infanteri yang mana tiap divisi hanya dilengkapi 1 atau 3 buah tank saja. Pada akhir bulan Juni Prancis di permalukan jerman dengan cara menandatangani perjanjian menyerah di gerbong kereta yang sama saat menyerahnya jerman pada tahun 1918.
The Ausf. A to early Ausf. F were equipped with a [[3.7 cm KwK 36|3.7 cm KwK 36 L/45]], which proved adequate during the campaigns of 1939 and 1940, but the later Ausf. F to Ausf. J were upgraded with the [[5 cm KwK 38|5 cm KwK 38 L/42]] and the Ausf. J¹ to M with the longer [[5 cm KwK 39|5 cm KwK 39 L/60]] gun in response to increasingly better armed and armoured opponents.
 
Setelah Selesai Pertempuran Prancis [[Kerajaan Italia]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang]], [[Kerajaan Hungaria]], [[Kerajaan Rumania]], [[Kerajaan Bulgaria]] menandatangani [[Pakta Tripartit]] yaitu pakta perjanjian Aliansi Militer antara 3 negara Mayor yaitu [[Nazi Jerman]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang]], [[Kerajaan Italia]] karena melihat Jerman dalam menaklukan suatu negara.
By 1942, the Panzer IV was becoming Germany's main medium tank because of its better upgrade potential. The Panzer III remained in production as a close support vehicle. The Ausf. N model mounted a low-velocity [[7.5 cm KwK 37|7.5 cm KwK 37 L/24]] gun - the same used by the early Panzer IV Ausf. A to Ausf. F models. These guns had originally been fitted to older Panzer IV Ausf A to F1 models and had been placed into storage when those tanks had also been up armed to longer versions of the 75&nbsp;mm gun.
 
=== Perang Yugoslavia Pertama ( Fall Marita/Kampanye Balkan ) ===
All early models up to and including the Ausf. F had two [[7,92 x 57 mm|{{convert|7.92|mm|in|2|adj=on}}]] [[MG 34]] [[machine gun]]s mounted coaxially with the main gun, and a similar weapon in a hull mount. Models from the Ausf. G and later had a single coaxial MG34 and the hull MG34.
 
Setelah Pakta Tripartit [[Kerajaan Italia]] Meng-Aneksasi [[Kerajaan Albania]] dan berperang dengan [[Yunani]] tetapi Italia mengalami kekalahan besar di situ oleh karena itu Italia meminta bantuan Jerman untuk membantu awalnya Jerman ingin mengajak [[Kerajaan Yugoslavia]] untuk bersimpati dengan cara memberikan jalan darat untuk lewat tetapi karena Raja Yugoslav ini ingin mempertahankan kedamaian maka dirinya berkata tidak dari situ Kerajaan Yugoslavia dan Yunani Resmi masuk menjadi Aliansi Inggris. Perang pecah tapi Jerman hanya menderita kekurangan Panzer III yang sedikit karena Yugoslav belum bisa memproduksi tank.
===Mobility===
The Panzer III Ausf. A through C were powered by a {{convert|250|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}, 12-cylinder [[Maybach]] HL 108 TR engine, giving a top speed of {{convert|32|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and a range of {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. All later models were powered by the {{convert|300|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}, 12-cylinder Maybach HL 120 TRM engine. Top speed varied, depending on the transmission and weight, but was around {{convert|40|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. The range was generally around {{convert|155|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
 
=== Perang Di Afrika Utara ===
== Combat history ==
[[Berkas:Knocked out Panzer III near El Alamein 1942.jpg|jmpl|Panzer III yang hancur di Libya.]]
The Panzer III was used in the campaigns against [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|Poland]], [[Battle of France|France]], the [[Eastern Front (WWII)|Soviet Union]] and in [[North African Campaign|North Africa]]. A handful were still in use in [[Western Front (WWII)|Normandy]],<ref>Served with Panzer Ersatz und Ausbildungs Abteilung 100 (http://www.normandy-1944.com/PzAbt100.html) and [[9th Panzer Division]]</ref> [[Anzio]],<ref>Used by [[Fallschirm-Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring]]</ref> Norway,<ref>http://www.armchairgeneral.com/panzer-tanks-found-in-norway.htm</ref> [[Lapland war|Finland]]<ref>Panzers in Finland, Kari Kuusala - 6 Ausf. N were deployed with Panzer Abteilung 211</ref> and in [[Operation Market Garden]]<ref>Some tanks used for training by the Hermann Göring Training and Replacement Regiment were pressed into service to oppose the British advance in Operation Market Garden</ref> in 1944.
 
Masuknya [[Kerajaan Italia]] dalam perang sama nasib nya dengan Jerman baru mulai peperangan langsung meminta bantuan ke Jerman. maka dari itu karena Jerman adalah kawan yang baik di tolonglah [[Kerajaan Italia]] dengan mengirim Divisi Deutsche Afrikakorps di bawah naungan komando Erwin Rommel. Panzer III dalam pertempuran di Afrika ini di modifikasi berdasarkan iklim tropis yang mana mengurangi ketebalan lapis baja dari 45 mm paling tebal menjadi 10 mm agar tidak panas alhasil Panzer III kurang di minati di Front tropis.
[[File:Panzerkampfwagen III (2).JPG|thumb|A Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf L formerly on display at the [[US Army Ordnance Museum]] in Aberdeen, Maryland and currently housed at the National Armor and Cavalry Restoration Shop at Fort Benning, Georgia.]]
 
=== Perang di Timur dan Akhir Perang ===
In the Polish and French campaigns, the Panzer III formed a small part of the German armoured forces. Only a few hundred Ausf. A through F were available in these campaigns, most armed with the {{convert|37|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun. They were the best medium tank available to the Germans and outclassed, in both firepower and armour, most of their opponents, such as the Polish [[7TP]], French [[Renault R35|R-35]] and [[Hotchkiss H35|H-35]] light tanks and the Soviet [[T-26]] light tank and [[BT tank|BT]] cavalry tanks.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}
[[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0595-32, Russland-Mitte-Süd, Panzer III.jpg|jmpl| Panzer III di Front Timur awal Operasi Barbarossa]]
 
Setelah [[Kerajaan Yugoslavia]] dan [[Yunani]] jatuh ketangan [[Adolf Hitler]], dirinya hampir meraih mimpinya untuk membentuk [[Kekaisaran Jerman Raya]] tetapi Hitler belum mencangkup teritori rencana awal untuk mencangkup negara-negara di wilayah [[Eropa Barat]] dan [[Rusia Barat]]. Maka Dari itu Hitler telah menyuruh Jenderal-Jenderalnya untuk merancang strategi [[Blitzkrieg]] kearah timur dengan sandi Barbarossa diambil dari nama Raja [[Kerajaan Romawi Suci]] dan disahkan oleh sang "Fuhrer" tepat setelah Prancis jatuh. Oleh karena itu [[Jerman Nazi]] melancarkan [[Operasi Barbarossa]] pada pertengahan Juni 1941, sebelum berjalannya Barbarossa seluruh tank yang ada di barat dan setengah pasukan [[Wehrmacht]] dipindahkan secara bertahap dan menyisahkan sedikit saja di barat untuk membuat inggris berpikir bahwa jerman masih tetap ingin menginvasi Inggris. Panzer III segera di tingkatkan kemampuannya dengan ditambah pelindung ekstra serta banyak dari Panzer III yang sudah masuk Kategori "usang" di ubah menjadi versi Assault dan Senjata Anti-Pesawat Terbang.
Around the time of [[Operation Barbarossa]], the Panzer III was numerically the most important German tank. At this time, the majority of the available tanks (including re-armed Ausf. E and F, plus new Ausf. G and H models) had the {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} KwK 38 L/42 cannon, which also equipped the majority of the tanks in North Africa. Initially, the Panzer IIIs were outclassed by Soviet T-34 and KV tanks. However, the most numerous Soviet tanks were the [[T-26]] and [[BT tank]]s. This, along with superior German tactical skill,<ref>Zaloga (1984), p. 223</ref> crew training, and the good ergonomics of the Panzer III all contributed to a rough 6:1 favourable kill ratio for German tanks of all types in 1941.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}
 
Pada hari yang telah di tentukan Jerman melanggar Pakta Non-Agresi Soviet-Jerman yang telah ditandatangani oleh kedua pihak baik Jerman maupun Soviet.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Zschaeckel-208-25, Schlacht um Kursk, Panzer III.jpg|thumb|right|The crew of a Panzer III of the [[2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich|2nd&nbsp;SS Panzer Division ''Das&nbsp;Reich'']] rest during the [[Battle of Kursk]].]]
 
== Varian ==
With the appearance of the T-34 and KV tanks, rearming the Panzer III with a longer, more powerful {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun was prioritised. The T-34 was generally invulnerable in frontal engagements with the Panzer III until the 50&nbsp;mm KwK 39 L/60 gun was introduced on the Panzer III Ausf. J¹ in the spring of 1942 (the gun was based on infantry's [[5 cm Pak 38|50 mm Pak 38 L/60]]). This could penetrate the T-34 frontally at ranges under {{convert|500|m|ft}}.<ref>Zaloga (1994), p. 36</ref> Against the KV tanks, it was a threat if armed with special high velocity tungsten rounds. In addition, to counter anti-tank rifles, in 1943 the Ausf. L version began the use of [[spaced armour]] skirts (''Schürzen'') around the turret and on the hull sides. However, due to the introduction of the upgunned and uparmoured Panzer IV, the Panzer III was, after the [[Battle of Kursk]], relegated to secondary roles, such as training, and it was replaced as the main German medium tank by the Panzer IV and the [[Panther tank|Panther]].
* Panzerbeobachtungswagen III - Tank Pengintai. Kurang lebih ada 262 Panzer III Ausf. E hingga H yang di ubah.
 
* Bergepanzer III - Pada 1944, 176 Panzer III di ubah menjadi Armoured Recovery Vehicle.
The Panzer III chassis was the basis for the turretless [[Sturmgeschütz III]] assault gun, one of the most successful self-propelled guns of the war, and the single most-produced German armoured fighting vehicle design of World War II.
* Flammpanzer III Ausf. M / Panzer III (Fl) - Tank penyembur api. ada sekitar 100 buah di buat baru.
 
* Minenräumer III - Prototipe pembersih ranjau darat
By the end of the war, the Panzer III saw almost no frontline use and many vehicles had been returned to the factories for conversion into StuG assault guns, which were in high demand due to the defensive warfare style adopted by the German Army by then.
* Panzerbefehlswagen III - Tank Komandan dengan jarak jangkauan radio yang lebih luas.
 
* [[Sturm-Infanteriegeschütz 33B]] - Varian Panzer III yang menjadi Assault Gun.
==Variants and production==
* [[Sturmgeschütz III]] - Varian Panzer III yang menjadi Assault Gun/Tank Destroyer.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
* Tauchpanzer III - Versi tank ampfibi untuk rencana Invasi ke Inggris.
|-
* SU-76i - Panzer III yang diambil alih Soviet kemudian dilepas kubahnya dan dipasangi sebuah meriam S-1 76,2 mm.
|+Panzerkampfwagen III production - Medium tanks<ref>Thomas L.Jentz, Hillary Louis Doyle: ''Panzer Tracts No.23 - Panzer Production from 1933 to 1945''</ref>
|-
|- style="vertical-align:top"
! style="width:10%; text-align:left;" | Ausführung
! style="width:7.5%;" | A
! style="width:7.5%;" | B
! style="width:7.5%;" | C
! style="width:7.5%;" | D
! style="width:7.5%;" | E
! style="width:7.5%;" | F
! style="width:7.5%;" | G
! style="width:7.5%;" | H
! style="width:7.5%;" | J
! style="width:7.5%;" | L
! style="width:7.5%;" | M
! style="width:7.5%;" | N
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Year
| 1936
| 1937
| 1937/38
| 1938,1940
| 1939/40
| 1940
| 1940/41
| 1940/41
| 1941/42
| 1941/42
| 1942/43
| 1942/43
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Produced
| 10
| 10
| 15
| 25 + 5
| 96
| 450
| 594
| 286
| 1521
| 1470
| 517
| 614
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background:#996; font-weight:bold; color:#fff;"
| ||colspan="5" | Command tanks || Flame tank
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#ddb;"
! style="width:10%; text-align:left;" | ''Ausführung''
! style="width:7.5%;" | D
! style="width:7.5%;" | E
! style="width:7.5%;" | H
! style="width:7.5%;" | J
! style="width:7.5%;" | K
! style="width:7.5%;" | ''Flamm''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Year
| 1938/39
| 1939/40
| 1940/41
| 1941/42
| 1942/43
| 1943
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Produced
| 30
| 45
| 175
| 81
| 50
| 100
|}
 
*Panzer III Ausf. A - Prototype; only 8 armed and saw service in Poland. Armed with [[3.7 cm KwK 36|3.7 cm KwK 36 L/46.5]] main gun, 250&nbsp;PS HL&nbsp;108 engine.
*Panzer III Ausf. B - Prototype; some saw service in Poland.
*Panzer III Ausf. C - Prototype; some saw service in Poland.
*Panzer III Ausf. D - Prototype; some saw service in Poland and Norway.
*Panzer III Ausf. E - Suspension redesigned, switching from leaf-springs to torsion-bars, now using 6 larger roadwheels per side. 300&nbsp;PS HL&nbsp;120 engine.
*Panzer III Ausf. F - improved Ausf. E, first mass-production version, late production armed with [[5 cm KwK 38|5 cm KwK 38 L/42]] main gun.
*Panzer III Ausf. G - More [[vehicle armour|armour]] on gun mantlet. Armed with 3.7&nbsp;cm KwK 36 L/46.5 (later 5&nbsp;cm KwK 38 L/42) gun.
*Panzer III Ausf. H - 5&nbsp;cm KwK 38 L/42 as standard gun. Bolt-on armour added to front and rear hull (30&nbsp;mm base + 30&nbsp;mm plates).
*Panzer III Ausf. I - Variant mentioned in Allied intelligence reports but not an actual existing vehicle. Possible confusion with Ausf. J.
*Panzer III Ausf. J - Hull and turret front armour increased to solid 50&nbsp;mm plate. Some were produced with [[5 cm KwK 39|5 cm KwK 39 L/60]] gun and later redesignated Ausf. L.
*Panzer III Ausf. K - ''Panzerbefehlswagen'' command tank variant with a modified turret. Carried actual main armament rather than a dummy gun as found on other Panzer III command versions.
*Panzer III Ausf. L - Redesignated Aus. J equipped with long 5&nbsp;cm gun, 20&nbsp;mm stand-off armour plates on hull and turret front
*Panzer III Ausf. M - Minor modifications of the ausf. L such as deep-wading exhaust and ''Schürzen'' side-armour panels.
*Panzer III Ausf. N - Infantry support tank, armed with a short barrelled [[7.5 cm KwK 37|7.5 cm KwK 37 L/24]] gun.
 
<gallery>
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-318-0083-30, Polen, Panzer III mit Panzersoldaten.jpg|Ausf. D, Poland (1939)
Image:The British Army in North Africa 1941 E2687.jpg|Ausf.G, captured by the British in North Africa (1941).
Image:PzKpfwIIIH.Saumur.000a1y8q.jpeg|Ausf. H in the Musée des Blindés, Saumur.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-748-0089-10, Russland, Soldat auf Panzer III J.jpg|Ausf. J, USSR (1942).
Image:Panzerkampfwagen III 4.jpg|Ausf. L, US Army Ordnance Museum (2007) and currently at the National Armor and Cavalry Restoration Shop at Fort Benning, Georgia (2011).
Image:SdKz141-1-1.jpg|Ausf. M, Deutsches Panzermuseum (2005)
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0595-23, Russland-Mitte-Süd, Panzer III.jpg|Ausf. M with side skirts in southern USSR (1943)
</gallery>
 
==Designs based on chassis==
* Panzerbeobachtungswagen III - Forward [[artillery observer]] tank. 262 converted from older Panzer III Ausf. E to H.
* Bergepanzer III - In 1944, 176 Panzer IIIs were converted to [[armoured recovery vehicle]]s. Mostly issued to formations with [[Tiger I]] tanks.
* Flammpanzer III Ausf. M / Panzer III (Fl) - [[Flamethrower tank]]. 100 built on new Ausf. M chassis.
* Minenräumer III - Mineclearing vehicle based on a Panzer III chassis with a very highly raised suspension. (Prototype only.)
* Panzerbefehlswagen III - Command tank with long-range radios. Ausf. D, E and H: dummy main gun; Ausf. J and K: armed with 5&nbsp;cm gun.
* [[Sturm-Infanteriegeschütz 33B]] - A close-support [[assault gun]]. Armed with a [[15 cm sIG 33]], 24 built. 12 used and lost in Stalingrad.
* [[Sturmgeschütz III]] - Assault gun/tank destroyer armed with a {{convert|75|mm|in|2|adj=on}} StuK.
[[File:SU76i Moscow, Poklonnaya Hill 3.JPG|thumb|right| Su-76i displayed in the [[Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow]], [[Poklonnaya Hill]] Victory Park]]
* The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] <!-- DO NOT REMOVE SPAN, THIS IS FOR A REDIRECT --><span id="SU-76i">'''SU-76i'''</span> self-propelled gun was based on the chassis of captured German Panzer III and StuG III. About 201 of these vehicles, many captured in the [[battle of Stalingrad]], were converted at Factory No. 37 in 1943 for [[Red Army]] service by removing the turret, constructing a fixed casemate, and installing a {{convert|76.2|mm|in|2|adj=on}} S-1 gun (cheaper version of the F-34) in a limited-traverse mount. The armour was {{convert|35|mm|in|2}} thick on the casemate front, {{convert|50|mm|in|2}} in the hull front, and {{convert|30|mm|in|2}} on the hull side. It was issued to tank and self-propelled gun units starting in autumn 1943,<ref>Zaloga (1984), p. 180</ref> and withdrawn to training use in early 1944. Two SU-76i survive: one on a monument in the Ukrainian town of [[Sarny]] and a second on display in a museum on [[Poklonnaya Hill]] in Moscow. It should not be confused with the Soviet [[SU-76]] series.
* Tauchpanzer III - Some tanks were converted to [[amphibious vehicle|amphibious tanks]] for [[Operation Sea Lion]]. Unusually, they were designed to be able to stay underwater rather than to float. The idea was that they would be launched near to the invasion shore and then drive to dry land on the sea bottom. The tank was waterproofed, the exhaust was fitted with a one-way valve and air intake was through a hose.
 
<gallery>
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MW-5674-45, Übungen mit Panzer III für Unternehmen Seelöwe.jpg|Tauchpanzer III underdalam testtes.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-185-0137-14A, Jugoslawien, Panzer III in Fahrt.jpg|''Panzerbefehlswagen'', Balkansdi Balkan, 1941.
Image:STU 40.jpg|Finnish army Sturmgeschütz Stug III Di Angkatan Bersenjata [[Finlandia]]
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-732-0114-16, Russland - Mitte, Flammenwerfer-Panzer.jpg|Flammpanzer III versi Tank Penyembur Api
</gallery>
 
== SeeLihat alsoJuga ==
{{Portal|Tank}}
* [[Panzer IV]]
* [[Comparison of early World War II tanks]]
* [[Panzer III/IV]]
* [[Tiger I]]
 
== Tank yang memiliki Performa, Konfigurasi, dan Peran yang sama ==
==Tanks of comparable role, performance and era==
* [[Matilda II]] : BritishTank kelas medium equivalentInggris
* [[M3 Lee]] : AmericanTank kelas medium Amerika equivalentSerikat
* [[T-2834]] :Tank Sovietkelas equivalentmedium Uni Soviet
* [[Type 1 Chi-He]] : JapaneseTank kelas medium Kekaisaran equivalentJepang
* [[Type 97 Chi-Ha]] : JapaneseTank kelas medium Kekaisaran equivalentJepang
* LT vz. 38: Tank kelas medium Cekoslovakia
 
==References Referensi ==
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
Baris 234 ⟶ 130:
;Bibliography
* {{cite web|title=Germany's Panzerkampfwagen III, SdKfz 141|work=World War II Vehicles|url=http://www.wwiivehicles.com/germany/tanks-medium/pzkpfw-iii.asp|accessdate=June 10, 2004}}
* {{cite web|title=PzKpfw III|work=Achtung Panzer!|url=http://www.achtungpanzer.com/pz8.htm|accessdate=June 12, 2007|archive-date=2005-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050510010655/http://www.achtungpanzer.com/pz8.htm|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite web|title=Pz. Kpfw.III|work=Panzerworld|url=http://www.panzerworld.net/pzkpfwiii.html|accessdate=April 19, 2005}}
* Gander, Terry J. ''Tanks in Detail; PzKpfw III Ausf A to N'' ISBN 0-7110-3015-4.
* {{cite book
| last = Zaloga
| first = Steven J.
| title = Japanese Tanks 1939–45
|url = https://archive.org/details/japanesetanks00zalo
| publisher = Osprey
|publisher = Osprey
| location=Oxford
|location=Oxford
| year = 2007
| pagesyear = 482007
|pages = [https://archive.org/details/japanesetanks00zalo/page/n1 48]
| isbn = 1-84603-091-9}}
|isbn = 1-84603-091-9}}
* {{cite book
| last = Zaloga
| first = Steven J.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = T-34/76 Medium Tank 1941–1945
| publisher = Osprey
| year = 1994
| location = Oxford
| pages = 48
| isbn = 1-85532-382-6}}
* Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). ''Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two,'' London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.
 
== Pranala luar ==
==External links==
* [http://afvdb.50megs.com/germany/pz3.html AFV Database] {{deadWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017131656/http://afvdb.50megs.com/germany/pz3.html link|date=December2006-10-17 2014}}<!--site seems to have been reorganized, such that it only covers American vehicles-->
* [http://the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzer_III.pdf Surviving Panzer III tanks] - A PDF file presenting the Panzer III tanks (PzKpfw. III, Flammpanzer III, StuIG33B, SU-76i, Panzerbeobachtungswagen III tanks) still existing in the world
{{Kendaraan tempur Jerman pada Perang Dunia II}}
 
{{WWIIGermanAFVs}}
{{WWIIRomanianAFVs}}
{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
Baris 274 ⟶ 170:
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panzer Iii}}
[[Kategori:Tank Jerman dalam Perang Dunia II]]
[[Category:Medium tanks of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II tanks of Germany]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Panzer_III"