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<!--{{other uses}}-->
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Gardeniaflower.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Gardenia jasminoides]]''
| taxon = Gardenia
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
| authority = [[John Ellis (naturalist)|J.Ellis]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| subdivision = Lihat teks.
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| color={{tc2|tumbuhan}}
|ordo = [[Gentianales]]
| display_parents=3
|familia = [[Rubiaceae]]
}}
|subfamilia = [[Ixoroideae]]
|tribus = [[Gardenieae]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/43486 |title=Genus '''Gardenia''' |work=Taxonomy |publisher=UniProt |accessdate=2010-02-13}}</ref>
|genus = '''''Gardenia'''''
|genus_authority = [[John Ellis (naturalist)|J.Ellis]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = Lihat teks.
|}}
 
'''''Gardenia''''' atau '''kacapiring''' adalah suatu [[genus]] [[tumbuhan berbunga]] dalam keluarga [[Coffea|tumbuhan kopi]], [[Rubiaceae]], yang berhabitat alami di daerah [[tropik]] dan [[subtropik]] [[Afrika]], [[Asia]], [[Madagaskar]] dan [[:en:Pacific Islands]].<ref name=FOC>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=113259 |title=Flora of China online |chapter=Gardenia J. Ellis, Philos. Trans. 51: 935. 1761 |author1=Tao Chen |author2=Charlotte M. Taylor |volume=19 |accessdate=2016-10-17 |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602091521/http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=113259 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
Nama genus ini diberikan oleh [[Carl Linnaeus]] dan [[John Ellis (naturalist)|John Ellis]] berdasarkan nama [[Alexander Garden (naturalist)|Dr. Alexander Garden]] (1730-1791), seorang naturalis kelahiran [[Skotlandia]] yang kemudian berdiam di [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>Ellis, John (1759). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1759.0084] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728211953/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1759.0084|date=2023-07-28}} "An Account of the Plants Halesia and Gardenia: In a Letter from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S. to Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F. R. S."
 
Phil Trans R Soc 1759 51: 929-935.</ref>
Baris 30 ⟶ 24:
== Spesies ==
 
{{As of|2014|March}} ''[[The Plant List]]'' mengakui 140 spesies (termasuk nama infraspesifik):<ref name=TPL>{{Cite web | title = ''Gardenia'' | url = http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Rubiaceae/Gardenia/ | work = [[The Plant List]] | accessdate = 2014-03-06 | archive-date = 2017-09-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170905163312/http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Rubiaceae/Gardenia/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>
 
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia actinocarpa]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
* ''[[Gardenia anapetes]]'' {{Au|A.C.Sm.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia anapetesangkorensis]]'' {{Au|A.C.SmPit.}}
* ''[[Gardenia annamensis]]'' {{Au|Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia angkorensisaqualla]]'' {{Au|PitStapf & Hutch.}}
* ''[[Gardenia archboldiana]]'' {{Au|Merr. & L.M.Perry}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia annamensisartensis]]'' {{Au|PitMontrouz.}}
* ''[[Gardenia aubryi]]'' {{Au|Vieill.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia aquallabarnesii]]'' {{Au|Stapf & HutchMerr.}}
* ''[[Gardenia beamanii]]'' {{Au|Y.W.Low}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia archboldianaboninensis]]'' {{Au|Merr.(Nakai) &Tuyama Lex T.MYamaz.Perry}}
* ''[[Gardenia brachythamnus]]'' {{Au|(K.Schum.) Launert}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia artensis]]'' {{Au|Montrouz.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia aubryi]]'' {{Au|Vieill.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia barnesii]]'' {{Au|Merr.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia beamanii]]'' {{Au|Y.W.Low}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia boninensis]]'' {{Au|(Nakai) Tuyama ex T.Yamaz.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia brachythamnus]]'' {{Au|(K.Schum.) Launert}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia brighamii]]'' {{Au|H.Mann}} - ''Nānū'' ([[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]])
 
* ''[[Gardenia buffalina]]'' {{Au|(Lour.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck}} (= ''Genipa buffalina''<!-- Lour. -->)
* ''[[Gardenia cambodiana]]'' {{Au|Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia cambodianacandida]]'' {{Au|PitA.C.Sm.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia candida]]'' {{Au|A.C.Sm.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia carinata]]'' {{Au|Wall. ex Roxb.}} [[India]], [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]].
* ''[[Gardenia carstensensis]]'' {{Au|Wernham}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia carstensensischanii]]'' {{Au|WernhamY.W.Low}}
* ''[[Gardenia chevalieri]]'' {{Au|Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia chaniiclemensiae]]'' {{Au|YMerr.W & L.LowM.Perry}}
* ''[[Gardenia collinsae]]'' {{Au|Craib}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia chevaliericolnettiana]]'' {{Au|Pit.Guillaumin}}
* ''[[Gardenia conferta]]'' {{Au|Guillaumin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia clemensiae]]'' {{Au|Merr. & L.M.Perry}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia collinsae]]'' {{Au|Craib}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia colnettiana]]'' {{Au|Guillaumin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia conferta]]'' {{Au|Guillaumin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia cornuta]]'' {{Au|Hemsl.}} (Natal Gardenia). [[South Africa]].
* ''[[Gardenia coronaria]]'' {{Au|Buch.-Ham.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia coronariacostulata]]'' {{Au|Buch.-HamRidl.}}
* ''[[Gardenia crameri]]'' {{Au|Tirveng.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia costulatacuneata]]'' {{Au|Ridl.Kurz}}
* ''[[Gardenia dacryoides]]'' {{Au|A.Cunn. ex Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia cramerideplanchei]]'' {{Au|TirvengVieill. ex Guillaumin}}
* ''[[Gardenia dolichantha]]'' {{Au|Merr.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia cuneataelata]]'' {{Au|KurzRidl.}}
* ''[[Gardenia epiphytica]]'' {{Au|Jongkind}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia dacryoideserubescens]]'' {{Au|A.Cunn.Stapf ex& PuttockHutch.}}
* ''[[Gardenia esculenta]]'' {{Au|Stokes}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia deplancheiewartii]]'' {{Au|Vieill. ex GuillauminPuttock}}
* ''[[Gardenia faucicola]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia dolichanthafiorii]]'' {{Au|MerrChiov.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia elata]]'' {{Au|Ridl.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia epiphytica]]'' {{Au|Jongkind}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia erubescens]]'' {{Au|Stapf & Hutch.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia esculenta]]'' {{Au|Stokes}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia ewartii]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia faucicola]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia fiorii]]'' {{Au|Chiov.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia flava]]'' {{Au|(Lour.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck}} (= ''Genipa flava''<!-- Lour. -->)
* ''[[Gardenia forsteniana]]'' {{Au|Miq.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia forstenianafosbergii]]'' {{Au|MiqTirveng.}}
* ''[[Gardenia fucata]]'' {{Au|R.Br. ex Benth.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia fosbergiifusca]]'' {{Au|Tirveng.Geddes}}
* ''[[Gardenia gardneri]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia fucatagjellerupii]]'' {{Au|R.Br. ex Benth.Valeton}}
* ''[[Gardenia gordonii]]'' {{Au|Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia fuscagrandis]]'' {{Au|GeddesKorth.}}
* ''[[Gardenia grievei]]'' {{Au|Horne ex Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia gardnerigriffithii]]'' {{Au|PuttockHook.f.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia gjellerupii]]'' {{Au|Valeton}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia gordonii]]'' {{Au|Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia grandis]]'' {{Au|Korth.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia grievei]]'' {{Au|Horne ex Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia griffithii]]'' {{Au|Hook.f.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia gummifera]]'' {{Au|L.f.}} India. Small tree, to 3 m high.
* ''[[Gardenia hageniana]]'' {{Au|Gilli}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia hagenianahainanensis]]'' {{Au|GilliMerr.}}
* ''[[Gardenia hansemannii]]'' {{Au|K.Schum.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia hainanensishillii]]'' {{Au|Merr.Horne ex Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia hansemannii]]'' {{Au|K.Schum.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia hillii]]'' {{Au|Horne ex Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia hutchinsoniana]]'' {{Au|Turrill}} – Fiji
 
* ''[[Gardenia imperialis]]'' {{Au|K.Schum.}} Tropical Africa. Small tree to 12 m.
** [[Gardenia imperialis subsp. physophylla|subsp. ''physophylla'']] {{Au|(K.Schum.) L.Pauwels}}
 
** ''[[Gardenia imperialis subsp. physophylla|subsp. invaginata]]''physophylla'']] {{Au|(KMerr.Schum.) & L.PauwelsM.Perry}}
* ''[[Gardenia ixorifolia]]'' {{Au|R.Br. ex Hook.f.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia invaginatajabiluka]]'' {{Au|Merr. & L.M.PerryPuttock}}
* ''[[Kacapiring|Gardenia jasminoides]]'' {{Au|J.Ellis}} – '''Kacapiring'''
 
* ''[[Gardenia ixorifoliakakaduensis]]'' {{Au|R.Br. ex Hook.f.Puttock}}
* ''[[Gardenia kamialiensis]]'' {{Au|Takeuchi}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia jabilukalacciflua]]'' {{Au|PuttockK.Krause}}
* ''[[Gardenia lamingtonii]]'' {{Au|F.M.Bailey}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia jasminoideslanutoo]]'' {{Au|J.EllisReinecke}} (Common Gardenia, Cape Jasmine or Cape Jessamine). Southern China and Japan.
 
* ''[[Gardenia kakaduensis]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia kamialiensis]]'' {{Au|Takeuchi}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia lacciflua]]'' {{Au|K.Krause}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia lamingtonii]]'' {{Au|F.M.Bailey}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia lanutoo]]'' {{Au|Reinecke}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia latifolia]]'' {{Au|Aiton}} India. Shrub or tree, 5–10 m high.
* ''[[Gardenia leopoldiana]]'' {{Au|De Wild. & T.Durand}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia leopoldianaleschenaultii]]'' {{Au|De WildD. & TDietr.Durand}}
* ''[[Gardenia magnifica]]'' {{Au|Geddes}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia leschenaultii]]'' {{Au|D.Dietr.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia magnifica]]'' {{Au|Geddes}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia mannii]]'' {{Au|H.St.John & Kuykendall}} (Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Gardenia maugaloae]]'' {{Au|Lauterb.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia maugaloaemegasperma]]'' {{Au|LauterbF.Muell.}}
* ''[[Gardenia mollis]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia megaspermamoszkowskii]]'' {{Au|F.Muell.Valeton}}
* ''[[Gardenia mutabilis]]'' {{Au|Reinw. ex Blume}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia mollisngoyensis]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}
* ''[[Gardenia nitida]]'' {{Au|Hook.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia moszkowskiiobtusifolia]]'' {{Au|ValetonRoxb. ex Hook.f.}}
* ''[[Gardenia ornata]]'' {{Au|K.M.Wong}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia mutabilisoudiepe]]'' {{Au|ReinwVieill. ex Blume}}
* ''[[Gardenia ovularis]]'' {{Au|F.M.Bailey}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia ngoyensispallens]]'' {{Au|SchltrMerr. & L.M.Perry}}
* ''[[Gardenia panduriformis]]'' {{Au|Pierre ex Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia nitidapapuana]]'' {{Au|HookF.M.Bailey}}
* ''[[Gardenia philastrei]]'' {{Au|Pierre ex Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia obtusifoliaposoquerioides]]'' {{Au|Roxb. ex Hook.fS.Moore}}
* ''[[Gardenia propinqua]]'' {{Au|Lindl.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia ornatapseudoternifolia]]'' {{Au|K.M.WongValeton}}
* ''[[Gardenia psidioides]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia oudiepepterocalyx]]'' {{Au|Vieill.Valeton}}
* ''[[Gardenia pyriformis]]'' {{Au|A.Cunn. ex Benth.}}
 
** ''[[Gardenia ovularis]]pyriformis subsp. keartlandii|subsp. ''keartlandii'']] {{Au|F.M.Bailey(Tate) Puttock}}
* ''[[Gardenia racemulosa]]'' {{Au|Korth.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia pallensreinwardtiana]]'' {{Au|Merr. & L.M.PerryBlume}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia panduriformis]]'' {{Au|Pierre ex Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia papuana]]'' {{Au|F.M.Bailey}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia philastrei]]'' {{Au|Pierre ex Pit.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia posoquerioides]]'' {{Au|S.Moore}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia propinqua]]'' {{Au|Lindl.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia pseudoternifolia]]'' {{Au|Valeton}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia psidioides]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia pterocalyx]]'' {{Au|Valeton}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia pyriformis]]'' {{Au|A.Cunn. ex Benth.}}
 
** [[Gardenia pyriformis subsp. keartlandii|subsp. ''keartlandii'']] {{Au|(Tate) Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia racemulosa]]'' {{Au|Korth.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia reinwardtiana]]'' {{Au|Blume}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia remyi]]'' {{Au|H.Mann}} (Hawai{{okina}}i)
 
* ''[[Gardenia resinifera]]'' {{Au|Roth}} (Brilliant Gardenia, Cambi Resin Tree, or ''dikamali'') [[India]]. Shrub or small tree, to 3 m high. (= ''G. lucida, Genipa resinifera''<!-- (Roth) Baill. -->)
 
* ''[[Gardenia resiniflua]]'' {{Au|Hiern}} (Gummy Gardenia). South Africa.
* ''[[Gardenia resinosa]]'' {{Au|F.Muell.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia resinosarupicola]]'' {{Au|F.Muell.Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia rupicola]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia rutenbergiana]]'' {{Au|(Baill. ex Vatke) J.-F.Leroy}} (= ''Genipa rutenbergiana''<!-- Baill. ex Vatke -->)
* ''[[Gardenia saxatilis]]'' {{Au|Geddes}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia saxatilis]]'' {{Au|Geddes}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia scabrella]]'' {{Au|Puttock}} far north Queensland- used in amenities plantings in Cairns
* ''[[Gardenia schlechteri]]'' {{Au|Bonati & Petitm.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia schlechterischwarzii]]'' {{Au|Bonati & Petitm.Puttock}}
* ''[[Gardenia sericea]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia schwarziisimilis]]'' {{Au|Puttock(Craib) Craib}}
* ''[[Gardenia siphonocalyx]]'' {{Au|Valeton}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia sericeasokotensis]]'' {{Au|PuttockHutch.}}
* ''[[Gardenia sootepensis]]'' {{Au|Hutch.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia similisstenophylla]]'' {{Au|(Craib) CraibMerr.}}
* ''[[Gardenia stipulosa]]'' {{Au|Zoll. & Moritzi}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia siphonocalyxstorckii]]'' {{Au|ValetonOliv.}}
* ''[[Gardenia subacaulis]]'' {{Au|Stapf & Hutch.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia sokotensissubcarinata]]'' {{Au|Hutch(Corner) Y.W.Low}}
* ''[[Gardenia succosa]]'' {{Au|Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia sootepensis]]'' {{Au|Hutch.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia stenophylla]]'' {{Au|Merr.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia stipulosa]]'' {{Au|Zoll. & Moritzi}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia storckii]]'' {{Au|Oliv.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia subacaulis]]'' {{Au|Stapf & Hutch.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia subcarinata]]'' {{Au|(Corner) Y.W.Low}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia succosa]]'' {{Au|Baker}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia taitensis]]'' {{Au|DC.}} (Tahitian Gardenia, ''Tiare māori''). [[Polynesia]].
* ''[[Gardenia tannaensis]]'' {{Au|Guillaumin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia tannaensis]]'' {{Au|Guillaumin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia ternifolia]]'' {{Au|Schumach. & Thonn.}} (Large-leaved Transvaal Gardenia). [[Sudanian Savanna|Sudano]]-[[Miombo woodland|Zambezian]] savannas and woodlands.
** [[Gardenia ternifolia var. goetzei|var. ''goetzei'']] {{Au|(Stapf & Hutch.) Verdc.}}
 
** [[Gardenia ternifolia var. goetzei|var. ''goetzei'']] {{Au|(Stapf & Hutch.) Verdc.}}
 
** [[Gardenia ternifolia subsp. jovis-tonantis|subsp. ''jovis-tonantis'']] {{Au|(Welw.) Verdc.}} (= ''G. jovis-tonantis'', ''Genipa jovis-tonantis''<!-- (Welw.) Baill. -->)
* ''[[Gardenia tessellaris]]'' {{Au|Puttock}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia tessellaristhailandica]]'' {{Au|PuttockTirveng.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia thailandica]]'' {{Au|Tirveng.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia thunbergia]]'' {{Au|Thunb.}} (White Gardenia, Forest Gardenia, or ''witkatjiepiering'') South Africa. Shrub or small tree, 2–5 m high.
* ''[[Gardenia tinneae]]'' {{Au|Kotschy & Heuglin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia tinneaetransvenulosa]]'' {{Au|Kotschy & HeuglinVerdc.}}
* ''[[Gardenia trochainii]]'' {{Au|Sillans}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia transvenulosatropidocarpa]]'' {{Au|Verdc.Wernham}}
* ''[[Gardenia truncata]]'' {{Au|Craib}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia trochainii]]'' {{Au|Sillans}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia tropidocarpa]]'' {{Au|Wernham}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia truncata]]'' {{Au|Craib}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia tubifera]]'' {{Au|Wall. ex Roxb.}} (Golden Gardenia). Southeastern Asia. Small tree to 15 m high.
* ''[[Gardenia urvillei]]'' {{Au|Montrouz.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia urvilleivernicosa]]'' {{Au|MontrouzMerr. & L.M.Perry}}
* ''[[Gardenia vilhelmii]]'' {{Au|Domin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia vernicosa]]'' {{Au|Merr. & L.M.Perry}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia vilhelmii]]'' {{Au|Domin}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia vitiensis]]'' {{Au|Seem.}} (Fijian Gardenia) [[Fiji]].
* ''[[Gardenia vogelii]]'' {{Au|Hook.f.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia vogelii]]'' {{Au|Hook.f.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia volkensii]]'' {{Au|K.Schum.}} (Transvaal Gardenia or Savanna Gardenia). Tropical Africa.
** [[Gardenia volkensii var. saundersiae|var. ''saundersiae'']] {{Au|(N.E.Br.) Verdc.}}
 
** [[Gardenia volkensii varsubsp. saundersiaespathulifolia|varsubsp. ''saundersiaespathulifolia'']] {{Au|(N.E.BrStapf & Hutch.) Verdc.}}
* ''[[Gardenia vulcanica]]'' {{Au|K.M.Wong}}
 
** [[Gardenia volkensii subsp. spathulifolia|subsp. ''spathulifolia'']] {{Au|(Stapf & Hutch.) Verdc.}}
 
* ''[[Gardenia vulcanica]]'' {{Au|K.M.Wong}}
 
{{div col end}}
Baris 320 ⟶ 175:
Tumbuhan Gardenia disenangi karena bau bunga yang harum, dan bunganya berukuran besar pada sejumlah [[spesies]].
 
== <!-- ''Gardenia jasminoides'' (syn. ''G. grandiflora'', ''G. Florida'') is cultivated as a house plant. This species can be difficult to grow because it originated in warm humid tropical areas. It demands high [[humidity]] to thrive, and bright (not direct) light. It flourishes in [[acidic soil]]s with good drainage and thrives on [68-74 F temperatures (20-23 C)]<ref>[http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/gardenia.html]</ref> during the day and 60 F (15-16 C) in the evening. [[Houseplant#Soil|Potting soil]]s developed especially for gardenias are available. ''G. jasminoides'' grows no larger than 18 inches in height and width when grown indoors. In climates where it can be grown outdoors, it can attain a height of 6 feet. If water touches the flowers, they will turn brown.<ref>Reader's Digest. Success with House Plants. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. New York/Montreal. 217</ref> In China and Japan, ''Gardenia jasminoides'' is called ''zhīzi'' ([[wikt:栀|栀]]子) and ''kuchinashi'' ([[wikt:梔|梔]]), respectively. Its fruit is used as a yellow [[dye]],<ref>{{citation |author1=Ozaki, A. |author2=Kitano, M. |author3=Furusawa, N. |author4=Yamaguchi, H. |author5=Kuroda, K. |author6=Endo, G. |year=2002 |title=Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1603–1610 |doi=10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7}}</ref> used on fabric and food (including the Korean [[mung bean]] jelly called ''[[hwangpomuk]]''). Its fruits are also used in traditional [[Chinese medicine]] for their clearing, calming, and cooling properties.<ref>http://www.sacredlotus.com/herbs/get.cfm/chinese_herb/zhi_zi_gardenia_cape_jasmine_fruit</ref> In [[France]], gardenias are the flower traditionally worn by men as [[boutonnière]] when in [[white tie|evening dress]]. In ''[[The Age of Innocence]]'', [[Edith Wharton]] suggests it was customary for upper-class men from New York City to wear a gardenia in their buttonhole during the [[Gilded Age]].<ref>Edith Wharton, ''The Age of Innocence'', Wordsworth Classic, 1999, p. 4</ref> [[Sigmund Freud]] remarked to the poet [[H.D.]] that gardenias were his favorite flower.<ref>H.D. (Hilda Doolittle). "Tribute to Freud." New Directions, Boston 1974 p11</ref> Several species occur in [[Hawaii]], where gardenias are known as '''''na{{okina}}u''''' or '''''nānū'''''. [[Crocetin]] is a chemical compound usually obtained from ''[[Crocus sativus]]'', which can also be obtained from the fruit of ''Gardenia jasminoides''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Yamauchi | first1 = M | last2 = Tsuruma | first2 = K | last3 = Imai | first3 = S | last4 = Nakanishi | first4 = T | last5 = Umigai | first5 = N | last6 = Shimazawa | first6 = M | last7 = Hara | first7 = H | title = Crocetin prevents retinal degeneration induced by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses via inhibition of caspase activity | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 650 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–9 | year = 2011 | pmid = 20951131 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.081}}</ref> --> Galeri ==
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''Gardenia jasminoides'' (syn. ''G. grandiflora'', ''G. Florida'') is cultivated as a house plant. This species can be difficult to grow because it originated in warm humid tropical areas. It demands high [[humidity]] to thrive, and bright (not direct) light. It flourishes in [[acidic soil]]s with good drainage and thrives on [68-74 F temperatures (20-23 C)]<ref>[http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/gardenia.html]</ref> during the day and 60 F (15-16 C) in the evening. [[Houseplant#Soil|Potting soil]]s developed especially for gardenias are available. ''G. jasminoides'' grows no larger than 18 inches in height and width when grown indoors. In climates where it can be grown outdoors, it can attain a height of 6 feet. If water touches the flowers, they will turn brown.<ref>Reader's Digest. Success with House Plants. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. New York/Montreal. 217</ref>
In China and Japan, ''Gardenia jasminoides'' is called ''zhīzi'' ([[wikt:栀|栀]]子) and ''kuchinashi'' ([[wikt:梔|梔]]), respectively. Its fruit is used as a yellow [[dye]],<ref>{{citation |author1=Ozaki, A. |author2=Kitano, M. |author3=Furusawa, N. |author4=Yamaguchi, H. |author5=Kuroda, K. |author6=Endo, G. |year=2002 |title=Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1603–1610 |doi=10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7}}</ref> used on fabric and food (including the Korean [[mung bean]] jelly called ''[[hwangpomuk]]''). Its fruits are also used in traditional [[Chinese medicine]] for their clearing, calming, and cooling properties.<ref>http://www.sacredlotus.com/herbs/get.cfm/chinese_herb/zhi_zi_gardenia_cape_jasmine_fruit</ref>
In [[France]], gardenias are the flower traditionally worn by men as [[boutonnière]] when in [[white tie|evening dress]]. In ''[[The Age of Innocence]]'', [[Edith Wharton]] suggests it was customary for upper-class men from New York City to wear a gardenia in their buttonhole during the [[Gilded Age]].<ref>Edith Wharton, ''The Age of Innocence'', Wordsworth Classic, 1999, p. 4</ref>
[[Sigmund Freud]] remarked to the poet [[H.D.]] that gardenias were his favorite flower.<ref>H.D. (Hilda Doolittle). "Tribute to Freud." New Directions, Boston 1974 p11</ref>
Several species occur in [[Hawaii]], where gardenias are known as '''''na{{okina}}u''''' or '''''nānū'''''.
[[Crocetin]] is a chemical compound usually obtained from ''[[Crocus sativus]]'', which can also be obtained from the fruit of ''Gardenia jasminoides''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Yamauchi | first1 = M | last2 = Tsuruma | first2 = K | last3 = Imai | first3 = S | last4 = Nakanishi | first4 = T | last5 = Umigai | first5 = N | last6 = Shimazawa | first6 = M | last7 = Hara | first7 = H | title = Crocetin prevents retinal degeneration induced by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses via inhibition of caspase activity | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 650 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–9 | year = 2011 | pmid = 20951131 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.081}}</ref>
 
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== Galeri ==
 
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Baris 339 ⟶ 182:
Image:White Gardenia flower.jpg|''Gardenia jasminoides'' 'Plena'
 
Image:Gardenia_Flower.jpg|''Gardenia jasminoides''l 'Radicans'
 
Image:Gardenia psidioides flower.jpg|''Gardenia psidioides
Baris 363 ⟶ 206:
{{Commons category|Gardenia}}
 
* [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/rubiaceae/ World Checklist of Rubiaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331005751/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/prepareChecklist.do;jsessionid=42EBF4C200E4424BAF90FFE1C4F60FE7.kppapp06-wcsp?checklist=selected_families%40%40090310320210157253 |date=2021-03-31 }}
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[[Kategori:Rubiaceae]]
[[Kategori:Gardenia| ]]
[[Kategori:Bunga]]
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