Templat:Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k tipo
Masgatotkaca (bicara | kontrib)
nambah
 
(63 revisi perantara oleh 22 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Navbox
<div class="NavFrame">
|name = Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%">
'''|title = [[PenghargaanDaftar penerima Nobel dalamFisiologi atau Kedokteran|Penerima]] [[Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran|Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran]]'''</div>
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
<div class="NavContent">
|bodyclass = hlist
{|
|nowrapitems = yes
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2" |
 
1901:&nbsp;[[Emil Adolf von Behring|Behring]]
|group1 = 1901–1925
02:&nbsp;[[Ronald Ross|Ross]]
|list1 =
03:&nbsp;[[Niels Ryberg Finsen|Finsen]]
* 1901: [[Emil von Behring|Emil Behring]]
04:&nbsp;[[Ivan Pavlov|Pavlov]]
* 1902: [[Ronald Ross]]
05:&nbsp;[[Robert Koch|Koch]]
* 1903: [[Niels Ryberg Finsen|Niels Finsen]]
06:&nbsp;[[Camillo Golgi|Golgi]],&nbsp;[[Santiago Ramón y Cajal|Ramón&nbsp;y&nbsp;Cajal]]
* 1904: [[Ivan Pavlov]]
07:&nbsp;[[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran|Laveran]]
* 1905: [[Robert Koch]]
08:&nbsp;[[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov|Mechnikov]],&nbsp;[[Paul Ehrlich|Ehrlich]]
* 1906: [[Camillo Golgi]] / [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]]
09:&nbsp;[[Emil Theodor Kocher|Kocher]]
* 1907: [[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran|Alphonse Laveran]]
10:&nbsp;[[Albrecht Kossel|Kossel]]
* 1908: [[Élie Metchnikoff]] / [[Paul Ehrlich]]
11:&nbsp;[[Allvar Gullstrand|Gullstrand]]
* 1909: [[Emil Theodor Kocher|Emil Kocher]]
12:&nbsp;[[Alexis Carrel|Carrel]]
* 1910: [[Albrecht Kossel]]
13:&nbsp;[[Robert Bárány|Bárány]]
* 1911: [[Allvar Gullstrand]]
19:&nbsp;[[Jules Bordet|Bordet]]
* 1912: [[Alexis Carrel]]
20:&nbsp;[[August Krogh|Krogh]]
* 1913: [[Charles Richet]]
22:&nbsp;[[Archibald Hill|Hill]],&nbsp;[[Otto Fritz Meyerhof|Meyerhof]]
* 1914: [[Róbert Bárány]]
23:&nbsp;[[Frederick Banting|Banting]],&nbsp;[[John James Richard Macleod|Macleod]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1915}}
24:&nbsp;[[Willem Einthoven|Einthoven]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1916}}
26:&nbsp;[[Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger|Fibiger]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1917}}
27:&nbsp;[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg|Wagner-Jauregg]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1918}}
28:&nbsp;[[Charles Nicolle|Nicolle]]
* 1919: [[Jules Bordet]]
29:&nbsp;[[Christiaan Eijkman|Eijkman]],&nbsp;[[Frederick Hopkins|Hopkins]]
* 1920: [[August Krogh]]
30:&nbsp;[[Karl Landsteiner|Landsteiner]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1921}}
31:&nbsp;[[Otto Heinrich Warburg|Warburg]]
* 1922: [[Archibald Hill]] / [[Otto Fritz Meyerhof|Otto Meyerhof]]
32:&nbsp;[[Charles Scott Sherrington|Sherrington]],&nbsp;[[Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian|Adrian]]
* 1923: [[Frederick Banting]] / [[John James Rickard Macleod|John Macleod]]
33:&nbsp;[[Thomas Hunt Morgan|Morgan]]
* 1924: [[Willem Einthoven]]
34:&nbsp;[[George Whipple|Whipple]],&nbsp;[[George Minot|Minot]],&nbsp;[[William Murphy (scientist)|Murphy]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1925}}
35:&nbsp;[[Hans Spemann|Spemann]]
 
36:&nbsp;[[Henry Hallett Dale|Dale]],&nbsp;[[Otto Loewi|Loewi]]
|group2 = 1926–1950
37:&nbsp;[[Albert Szent-Györgyi|Szent-Györgyi]]
|list2 =
38:&nbsp;[[Corneille Heymans|Heymans]]
* 1926: [[Johannes Fibiger]]
39:&nbsp;[[Gerhard Domagk|Domagk]]
* 1927: [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]]
43:&nbsp;[[Henrik Dam|Dam]],&nbsp;[[Edward Adelbert Doisy|Doisy]]
* 1928: [[Charles Nicolle]]
44:&nbsp;[[Joseph Erlanger|Erlanger]],&nbsp;[[Herbert Spencer Gasser|Gasser]]
* 1929: [[Christiaan Eijkman]] / [[Frederick Gowland Hopkins]]
45:&nbsp;[[Alexander Fleming|Fleming]],&nbsp;[[Ernst Boris Chain|Chain]],&nbsp;[[Howard Florey|Florey]]
* 1930: [[Karl Landsteiner]]
46:&nbsp;[[Hermann Joseph Muller|Muller]]
* 1931: [[Otto Heinrich Warburg|Otto Warburg]]
47:&nbsp;[[Carl Ferdinand Cori|C.Cori]],&nbsp;[[Gerty Cori|G.Cori]],&nbsp;[[Bernardo Houssay|Houssay]]
* 1932: [[Charles Scott Sherrington]] / [[Edgar Adrian]]
48:&nbsp;[[Paul Hermann Müller|Müller]]
* 1933: [[Thomas Hunt Morgan|Thomas Morgan]]
49:&nbsp;[[Walter Rudolf Hess|Hess]],&nbsp;[[António Egas Moniz|Moniz]]
* 1934: [[George Whipple]] / [[George Minot]] / [[William P. Murphy|William Murphy]]
50:&nbsp;[[Edward Calvin Kendall|Kendall]],&nbsp;[[Tadeus Reichstein|Reichstein]],&nbsp;[[Philip Showalter Hench|Hench]]
* 1935: [[Hans Spemann]]
51:&nbsp;[[Max Theiler|Theiler]]
* 1936: [[Henry Hallett Dale|Henry Dale]] / [[Otto Loewi]]
52:&nbsp;[[Selman Waksman|Waksman]]
* 1937: [[Albert Szent-Györgyi]]
53:&nbsp;[[Hans Adolf Krebs|Krebs]],&nbsp;[[Fritz Albert Lipmann|Lipmann]]
* 1938: [[Corneille Heymans]]
54:&nbsp;[[John Franklin Enders|Enders]],&nbsp;[[Thomas Huckle Weller|Weller]],&nbsp;[[Frederick Chapman Robbins|Robbins]]
* 1939: [[Gerhard Domagk]]
55:&nbsp;[[Hugo Theorell|Theorell]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1940}}
56:&nbsp;[[André Frédéric Cournand|Cournand]],&nbsp;[[Werner Forssmann|Forssmann]],&nbsp;[[Dickinson W. Richards|Richards]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1941}}
57:&nbsp;[[Daniel Bovet|Bovet]]
* {{color|darkgrey|1942}}
58:&nbsp;[[George Wells Beadle|Beadle]],&nbsp;[[Edward Lawrie Tatum|Tatum]],&nbsp;[[Joshua Lederberg|Lederberg]]
* 1943: [[Henrik Dam]] / [[Edward Adelbert Doisy|Edward Doisy]]
59:&nbsp;[[Severo Ochoa|Ochoa]],&nbsp;[[Arthur Kornberg|Kornberg]]
* 1944: [[Joseph Erlanger]] / [[Herbert Spencer Gasser|Herbert Gasser]]
60:&nbsp;[[Frank Macfarlane Burnet|Burnet]],&nbsp;[[Peter Medawar|Medawar]]
* 1945: [[Alexander Fleming]] / [[Ernst Chain]] / [[Howard Florey]]
61:&nbsp;[[Georg von Békésy|Békésy]]
* 1946: [[Hermann Joseph Muller|Hermann Muller]]
62:&nbsp;[[Francis Crick|Crick]],&nbsp;[[James D. Watson|Watson]],&nbsp;[[Maurice Wilkins|Wilkins]]
* 1947: [[Carl Ferdinand Cori|Carl Cori]] / [[Gerty Cori]] / [[Bernardo Houssay]]
63:&nbsp;[[John Carew Eccles|Eccles]],&nbsp;[[Alan Lloyd Hodgkin|Hodgkin]],&nbsp;[[Andrew Huxley|Huxley]]
* 1948: [[Paul Hermann Müller|Paul Müller]]
64:&nbsp;[[Konrad Emil Bloch|Bloch]],&nbsp;[[Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen|Lynen]]
* 1949: [[Walter Rudolf Hess|Walter Hess]] / [[António Egas Moniz]]
65:&nbsp;[[François Jacob|Jacob]],&nbsp;[[Andre Michael Lwoff|Lwoff]],&nbsp;[[Jacques Monod|Monod]]
* 1950: [[Edward Calvin Kendall|Edward Kendall]] / [[Tadeusz Reichstein]] / [[Philip Showalter Hench|Philip Hench]]
66:&nbsp;[[Francis Peyton Rous|Rous]],&nbsp;[[Charles B. Huggins|Huggins]]
 
67:&nbsp;[[Ragnar Granit|Granit]],&nbsp;[[Haldan Keffer Hartline|Hartline]],&nbsp;[[George Wald|Wald]]
|group3 = 1951–1975
68:&nbsp;[[Robert W. Holley|Holley]],&nbsp;[[Har Gobind Khorana|Khorana]],&nbsp;[[Marshall Warren Nirenberg|Nirenberg]]
|list3 =
69:&nbsp;[[Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück|Delbrück]],&nbsp;[[Alfred Hershey|Hershey]],&nbsp;[[Salvador Luria|Luria]]
* 1951: [[Max Theiler]]
70:&nbsp;[[Bernard Katz|Katz]],&nbsp;[[Ulf von Euler|Euler]],&nbsp;[[Julius Axelrod|Axelrod]]
* 1952: [[Selman Waksman]]
71:&nbsp;[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.|Sutherland]]
* 1953: [[Hans Adolf Krebs|Hans Krebs]] / [[Fritz Albert Lipmann|Fritz Lipmann]]
72:&nbsp;[[Gerald Edelman|Edelman]],&nbsp;[[Rodney Robert Porter|Porter]]
* 1954: [[John Franklin Enders|John Enders]] / [[Thomas Huckle Weller|Thomas Weller]] / [[Frederick Chapman Robbins|Frederick Robbins]]
73:&nbsp;[[Karl von Frisch|Frisch]],&nbsp;[[Konrad Lorenz|Lorenz]],&nbsp;[[Nikolaas Tinbergen|Tinbergen]]
* 1955: [[Hugo Theorell]]
74:&nbsp;[[Albert Claude|Claude]],&nbsp;[[Christian de Duve|Duve]],&nbsp;[[George Emil Palade|Palade]]
* 1956: [[André Frédéric Cournand|André Cournand]] / [[Werner Forssmann]] / [[Dickinson W. Richards]]
75:&nbsp;[[David Baltimore|Baltimore]],&nbsp;[[Renato Dulbecco|Dulbecco]],&nbsp;[[Howard Martin Temin|Temin]]
* 1957: [[Daniel Bovet]]
76:&nbsp;[[Baruch Samuel Blumberg|Blumberg]],&nbsp;[[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek|Gajdusek]]
* 1958: [[George Beadle]] / [[Edward Tatum]] / [[Joshua Lederberg]]
77:&nbsp;[[Roger Guillemin|Guillemin]],&nbsp;[[Andrzej W. Schally|Schally]],&nbsp;[[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Yalow]]
* 1959: [[Severo Ochoa]] / [[Arthur Kornberg]]
78:&nbsp;[[Werner Arber|Arber]],&nbsp;[[Daniel Nathans|Nathans]],&nbsp;[[Hamilton O. Smith|Smith]]
* 1960: [[Macfarlane Burnet|Frank Burnet]] / [[Peter Medawar]]
79:&nbsp;[[Allan McLeod Cormack|Cormack]],&nbsp;[[Godfrey Hounsfield|Hounsfield]]
* 1961: [[Georg von Békésy]]
80:&nbsp;[[Baruj Benacerraf|Benacerraf]],&nbsp;[[Jean Dausset|Dausset]],&nbsp;[[George Davis Snell|Snell]]
* 1962: [[Francis Crick]] / [[James Watson]] / [[Maurice Wilkins]]
81:&nbsp;[[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Sperry]],&nbsp;[[David H. Hubel|Hubel]],&nbsp;[[Torsten Wiesel|Wiesel]]
* 1963: [[John Carew Eccles|John Eccles]] / [[Alan Hodgkin]] / [[Andrew Huxley]]
82:&nbsp;[[Sune Bergström|Bergström]],&nbsp;[[Bengt I. Samuelsson|Samuelsson]],&nbsp;[[John Robert Vane|Vane]]
* 1964: [[Konrad Emil Bloch|Konrad Bloch]] / [[Feodor Lynen]]
83:&nbsp;[[Barbara McClintock|McClintock]]
* 1965: [[François Jacob]] / [[André Michel Lwoff|André Lwoff]] / [[Jacques Monod]]
84:&nbsp;[[Niels Kaj Jerne|Jerne]],&nbsp;[[Georges J. F. Köhler|Köhler]],&nbsp;[[César Milstein|Milstein]]
* 1966: [[Francis Peyton Rous|Francis Rous]] / [[Charles Brenton Huggins|Charles B. Huggins]]
85:&nbsp;[[Michael Stuart Brown|Brown]],&nbsp;[[Joseph L. Goldstein|Goldstein]]
* 1967: [[Ragnar Granit]] / [[Haldan Keffer Hartline|Haldan Hartline]] / [[George Wald]]
86:&nbsp;[[Stanley Cohen (neurologist)|Cohen]],&nbsp;[[Rita Levi-Montalcini|Levi-Montalcini]]
* 1968: [[Robert W. Holley]] / [[Har Gobind Khorana|Har Khorana]] / [[Marshall Warren Nirenberg|Marshall Nirenberg]]
87:&nbsp;[[Susumu Tonegawa|Tonegawa]]
* 1969: [[Max Delbrück]] / [[Alfred Hershey]] / [[Salvador Luria]]
88:&nbsp;[[James W. Black|Black]],&nbsp;[[Gertrude B. Elion|Elion]],&nbsp;[[George H. Hitchings|Hitchings]]
* 1970: [[Bernard Katz]] / [[Ulf von Euler]] / [[Julius Axelrod]]
89:&nbsp;[[J. Michael Bishop|Bishop]],&nbsp;[[Harold E. Varmus|Varmus]]
* 1971: [[Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.|Earl Sutherland Jr.]]
90:&nbsp;[[Joseph Murray|Murray]],&nbsp;[[E. Donnall Thomas|Thomas]]
* 1972: [[Gerald Edelman]] / [[Rodney Robert Porter|Rodney Porter]]
91:&nbsp;[[Erwin Neher|Neher]],&nbsp;[[Bert Sakmann|Sakmann]]
* 1973: [[Karl von Frisch]] / [[Konrad Lorenz]] / [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]]
92:&nbsp;[[Edmond H. Fischer|Fischer]],&nbsp;[[Edwin G. Krebs|Krebs]]
* 1974: [[Albert Claude]] / [[Christian de Duve]] / [[George Emil Palade|George Palade]]
93:&nbsp;[[Richard J. Roberts|Roberts]],&nbsp;[[Phillip Allen Sharp|Sharp]]
* 1975: [[David Baltimore]] / [[Renato Dulbecco]] / [[Howard Martin Temin|Howard Temin]]
94:&nbsp;[[Alfred G. Gilman|Gilman]],&nbsp;[[Martin Rodbell|Rodbell]]
 
95:&nbsp;[[Edward B. Lewis|Lewis]],&nbsp;[[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard|Nüsslein-Volhard]],&nbsp;[[Eric F. Wieschaus|Wieschaus]]
|group4 = 1976–2000
96:&nbsp;[[Peter Doherty|Doherty]],&nbsp;[[Rolf M. Zinkernagel|Zinkernagel]]
|list4 =
97:&nbsp;[[Stanley B. Prusiner|Prusiner]]
* 1976: [[Baruch Samuel Blumberg|Baruch Blumberg]] / [[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek|Daniel Gajdusek]]
98:&nbsp;[[Robert F. Furchgott|Furchgott]],&nbsp;[[Louis J. Ignarro|Ignarro]],&nbsp;[[Ferid Murad|Murad]]
* 1977: [[Roger Guillemin]] / [[Andrew Schally]] / [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Rosalyn Yalow]]
99:&nbsp;[[Günter Blobel|Blobel]]
* 1978: [[Werner Arber]] / [[Daniel Nathans]] / [[Hamilton O. Smith]]
2000:&nbsp;[[Arvid Carlsson|Carlsson]],&nbsp;[[Paul Greengard|Greengard]],&nbsp;[[Eric R. Kandel|Kandel]]
* 1979: [[Allan M. Cormack|Allan Cormack]] / [[Godfrey Hounsfield]]
01:&nbsp;[[Leland H. Hartwell|Hartwell]],&nbsp;[[Tim Hunt|Hunt]],&nbsp;[[Paul Nurse|Nurse]]
* 1980: [[Baruj Benacerraf]] / [[Jean Dausset]] / [[George Davis Snell|George Snell]]
02:&nbsp;[[Sydney Brenner|Brenner]],&nbsp;[[H. Robert Horvitz|Horvitz]],&nbsp;[[John E. Sulston|Sulston]]
* 1981: [[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Roger Sperry]] / [[David H. Hubel]] / [[Torsten Wiesel]]
03:&nbsp;[[Paul Lauterbur|Lauterbur]],&nbsp;[[Peter Mansfield|Mansfield]]
* 1982: [[Sune Bergström]] / [[Bengt I. Samuelsson]] / [[John Vane]]
04:&nbsp;[[Richard Axel|Axel]],&nbsp;[[Linda B. Buck|Buck]]
* 1983: [[Barbara McClintock]]
05:&nbsp;[[Barry Marshall|Marshall]],&nbsp;[[Robin Warren|Warren]]
* 1984: [[Niels Kaj Jerne|Niels Jerne]] / [[Georges J. F. Köhler|Georges Köhler]] / [[César Milstein]]
06:&nbsp;[[Andrew Fire|Fire]],&nbsp;[[Craig C. Mello|Mello]]
* 1985: [[Michael Stuart Brown|Michael Brown]] / [[Joseph L. Goldstein]]
07:&nbsp;[[Mario Capecchi|Capecchi]],&nbsp;[[Martin Evans]],&nbsp;[[Oliver Smithies]]
* 1986: [[Stanley Cohen (biokimiawan)|Stanley Cohen]] / [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]]
|}
* 1987: [[Susumu Tonegawa]]
</div>
* 1988: [[James Whyte Black|James W. Black]] / [[Gertrude B. Elion]] / [[George H. Hitchings]]
</div>
* 1989: [[J. Michael Bishop]] / [[Harold E. Varmus]]
<noinclude>
* 1990: [[Joseph Murray]] / [[E. Donnall Thomas]]
[[en:Template:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
* 1991: [[Erwin Neher]] / [[Bert Sakmann]]
</noinclude>
* 1992: [[Edmond H. Fischer|Edmond Fischer]] / [[Edwin G. Krebs]]
* 1993: [[Richard J. Roberts]] / [[Phillip Allen Sharp|Phillip Sharp]]
* 1994: [[Alfred G. Gilman]] / [[Martin Rodbell]]
* 1995: [[Edward B. Lewis]] / [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] / [[Eric F. Wieschaus]]
* 1996: [[Peter C. Doherty]] / [[Rolf M. Zinkernagel]]
* 1997: [[Stanley B. Prusiner]]
* 1998: [[Robert F. Furchgott]] / [[Louis Ignarro]] / [[Ferid Murad]]
* 1999: [[Günter Blobel]]
* 2000: [[Arvid Carlsson]] / [[Paul Greengard]] / [[Eric Kandel]]
 
|group5 = 2001–sekarang
|list5 =
* 2001: [[Leland H. Hartwell]] / [[Tim Hunt]] / [[Paul Nurse]]
* 2002: [[Sydney Brenner]] / [[H. Robert Horvitz]] / [[John Sulston|John E. Sulston]]
* 2003: [[Paul Lauterbur]] / [[Peter Mansfield]]
* 2004: [[Richard Axel]] / [[Linda B. Buck]]
* 2005: [[Barry Marshall]] / [[Robin Warren]]
* 2006: [[Andrew Fire]] / [[Craig Mello]]
* 2007: [[Mario Capecchi]] / [[Martin Evans]] / [[Oliver Smithies]]
* 2008: [[Harald zur Hausen]] / [[Luc Montagnier]] / [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]]
* 2009: [[Elizabeth Blackburn]] / [[Carol W. Greider]] / [[Jack W. Szostak]]
* 2010: [[Robert Edwards|Robert G. Edwards]]
* 2011: [[Bruce Beutler]] / [[Jules A. Hoffmann]] / [[Ralph M. Steinman]] (''anumerta'')
* 2012: [[John Gurdon]] / [[Shinya Yamanaka]]
* 2013: [[James Rothman]] / [[Randy Schekman]] / [[Thomas C. Südhof]]
* 2014: [[John O'Keefe]] / [[May-Britt Moser]] / [[Edvard Moser]]
* 2015: [[William C. Campbell (ilmuwan)|William C. Campbell]] / [[Satoshi Ōmura]] / [[Tu Youyou]]
* 2016: [[Yoshinori Ohsumi]]
* 2017: [[Jeffrey C. Hall]] / [[Michael Rosbash]] / [[Michael W. Young]]
* 2018: [[James P. Allison]] / [[Tasuku Honjo]]
* 2019: [[Gregg L. Semenza]] / [[Peter J. Ratcliffe]] / [[William Kaelin Jr.]]
* 2020: [[Harvey J. Alter]] / [[Michael Houghton]] / [[Charles M. Rice]]
* 2021: [[David Julius]] / [[Ardem Patapoutian]]
* 2022: [[Svante Pääbo]]
* 2023: [[Katalin Karikó]] / [[Drew Weissman]]
* 2024: [[Victor Ambros]] / [[Gary Ruvkun]]
}}<noinclude>
[[Kategori:Templat navigasi Nobel|Fisiologi atau kedokteran]]</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Kategori:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel dalam bidang fisiologi atau kedokteran]]</includeonly>