Anemia sel sabit: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Penyangkalan-medis
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
'''Anemia sel sabit''' adalah kondisi serius di mana [[sel darah merah|sel-sel darah merah]] menjadi berbentuk [[bulan sabit]], seperti huruf [[C]]. Sel darah merah normal berbentuk donat tanpa lubang (lingkaran, pipih di bagian tengahnya), sehingga memungkinkan mereka melewati [[pembuluh darah]] dengan mudah dan memasok [[oksigen]] bagi seluruh bagian tubuh. Sulit bagi sel darah merah berbentuk bulan sabit untuk melewati pembuluh darah terutama di bagian [[pembuluh darah]] yang jadi menyempit dengan sendirinya, karena sel darah merah ini akan tersangkut dan akan menimbulkan rasa [[nyeri]], [[infeksi]] serius, dan kerusakan organ pada tubuh.▼
| name = Anemia sel sabit
| image = Sickle cell 01.jpg
| caption = Gambar A menunjukkan sel darah merah normal yang mengalir bebas melalui pembuluh darah. Sisipan menunjukkan penampang sel darah merah normal dengan hemoglobin normal. Gambar B menunjukkan sel darah merah abnormal berbentuk sabit yang menempel di titik percabangan dalam pembuluh darah. Gambar sisipan menunjukkan penampang sel sabit dengan untaian hemoglobin sabit (HbS) polimerisasi panjang yang meregang dan mengubah bentuk sel hingga tampak seperti bulan sabit.
| field = [[Hematologi]], [[genetika kedokteran]]
| synonyms = Penyakit sel sabit; drepanositosis (tertanggal)
| symptoms = Serangan nyeri, [[anemia]], pembengkakan di tangan dan kaki, infeksi bakteri, [[strok]]<ref name=NIH2015Sign>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/signs|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=8 March 2016|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309034557/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/signs|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>
| complications = [[Sakit kronis]], strok, nekrosis tulang aseptik, [[batu empedu]], ulkus kaki, [[priapisme]], [[hipertensi paru]], masalah penglihatan, masalah ginjal.<ref name=NIH2015What>{{cite web|title=What Is Sickle Cell Disease?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=8 March 2016|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306021706/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref>
| onset = Usia 5–6 bulan<ref name=NIH2015Sign/>
| duration =
| causes = Genetik, Mutasi homozigot pada gen hemoglobin S.<ref name=NIH2015Caus>{{cite web|title=What Causes Sickle Cell Disease?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/causes|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=8 March 2016|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324034054/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/causes|archive-date=24 March 2016}}</ref>
| risks =
| diagnosis = [[uji darah]]<ref name=NIH2015Diag>{{cite web|title=How Is Sickle Cell Disease Diagnosed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/diagnosis|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=8 March 2016|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309032258/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/diagnosis|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment = [[Vaksinasi]], [[antibiotik]], asupan cairan tinggi, suplementasi [[asam folat]], obat [[analgesik|pereda nyeri]], [[transfusi darah]]<ref name=WHO2011>{{cite web|title=Sickle-cell disease and other haemoglobin disorders Fact sheet N°308|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs308/en/|access-date=8 March 2016|date=January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309034307/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs308/en/|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=NIH2015Tx>{{cite web|title=How Is Sickle Cell Disease Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/treatment|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=8 March 2016|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309042159/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/treatment|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>
| medication =
| prognosis = [[Harapan hidup]] 40–60 tahun (negara maju)<ref name=NIH2015What/>
| frequency = 4,4 juta (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, Carter A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>
| deaths = 114,800 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref>
}}
▲'''Anemia sel sabit''' atau '''penyakit sel sabit''' adalah kondisi serius di mana
== Penyebab ==
Baris 16 ⟶ 37:
== Gejala ==
Gejala anemia sel sabit dapat muncul sejak usia 4 bulan, tetapi umumnya baru terlihat pada usia 6 bulan.
'''Anemia'''
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