Gempa bumi Jishishan 2023: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(21 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Short description|Gempa bumi di Gansu, Tiongkok}}
{{Current|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = Gempa bumi Jishishan 2023<br>
| native_name = 2023年积石山县地震
| native_name_lang = ZH
| image = 2023 Jishishan Earthquake aftermath CNS screenshot.jpg
| caption = Kerusakan di Jishishan akibat gempa
| map2 = {{Location map | China#China Gansu
| relief = Yes
Baris 26 ⟶ 27:
| anss-url = us7000ljvg
| local-date = 18 Desember 2023
| local-time = 23:59:30 [[Waktu di Tiongkok|CST]]
| duration =
| magnitude = 5.9 {{M|ww|link=y}},<br> 6.2 {{M|s|link=y}}
| depth = {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| location = {{coord|35.743|N|102.827|E}}
| type = [[Sesar (geologi)|Sesar naik]]
| affected = [[Provinsi Gansu]], dan [[Provinsi Qinghai]], Tiongkok
| intensity = {{MMI|89}}
| pga = <!-- ''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->
| damage = [[Yuan|¥]]14,4 miliar ($2 miliar [[USD]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/10726|title=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database|publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K|access-date=2024-01-26|author=NOAA|year=1972 }}</ref>
| damage =
| tsunami =
| fault =
Baris 41 ⟶ 42:
| foreshocks =
| aftershocks =
| casualties = 137151 tewas, 12 hilang, 982 luka-luka
| citations =
}}
 
Pada 18 Desember 2023, [[gempa bumi]] berkekuatan 5.9 {{M|w|link=y}} melanda Kabupaten [[:en:Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County|Kabupaten Jishishan]], di [[Prefektur Otonom Hui Linxia|Prefektur Linxia]], provinsi [[Gansu]], Tiongkok pada pukul 23:59 waktu setempat.<ref name="USGS">{{Cite web|author=National Earthquake Information Center|title=M 5.9 - 37 km WNW of Linxia Chengguanzhen, China|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ljvg/executive|access-date=18 Desember 2023|date=18 Deeember 2023|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> Gempa dangkal ini melanda daerah padat penduduk di perbatasan antara provinsi [[Gansu]] dan [[Qinghai]]. Setidaknya 137151 orang tewas di kedua provinsi, menjadikan gempa bumi paling mematikan di [[RRT|Tiongkok]] sejak tahun [[Gempa bumi Ludian 2014|2014]].<ref name="apquake2">{{cite news |date=19 December 2023 |title=Earthquake in northwestern China kills at least 116 people in Gansu and Qinghai provinces |language=en |work=[[Associated Press News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/chine-earthquake-gansu-qinghai-6255dcb3ce03a570f6aaaf565230afb1 |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>
 
== Latar belakang tektonik ==
[[File:Tianjingshan fault.png|thumb|300px|Patahan aktif di [[Tibet|Pegunungan Tibet]]]]
Pegunungan Jishi Shan dan Pegunungan Qilian merupakan bagian dari tepi utara Dataran Tinggi Tibet. Dataran tinggi ini merupakan zona antara [[Lempeng Hindia]] dan [[Lempeng Eurasia]] yang saling menumbuk satu sama lain.<ref name="Zhuang_etal_2023">{{Cite journal |last=Zhuang |first=W. |last2=Cui |first2=D. |last3=Hao |first3=M. |last4=Song |first4=S. |last5=Li |first5=Z. |date=2023 |title=Geodetic constraints on contemporary three-dimensional crustal deformation in the Laji Shan–Jishi Shan tectonic belt |journal=Geodesy and Geodynamics |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=589–596 |doi=10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.006}}</ref>
 
[[Himalaya|Pegunungan Qilian]] di utara Tiongkok, memiliki sejarah panjang Gempa bumi yang mematikan. Yang terbesar adalah gempa berkekuatan 7,7 {{M|w}} pada tahun 1927 menewaskan 40.000 orang. Gempa bumi lain yang lebih merusak adalah, [[Gempa bumi Gansu 1920|gempa bumi Gansu tahun 1920]], yang menewaskan 200.000 orang; dan dianggap sebagai salah satu gempa bumi paling mematikan di abad ke-20. Gempa lain paling merusak di wilayah ini terjadi Pada bulan April 1990, gempa bumi berkekuatan 6,5 {{M|w}} menyebabkan sedikitnya 126 korban jiwa dan kerusakan parah hingga tanah longsor.
 
Kerugian akibat gempa bumi sering terjadi di Tiongkok, bahkan untuk gempa bumi berkekuatan sedang, karena kedekatannya dengan pusat populasi besar yang terkena guncangan, banyaknya bangunan yang rentan terhadap guncangan gempa, dan terjadinya tanah longsor di topografi yang curam.
 
== Gempa bumi ==
Baris 60 ⟶ 64:
 
== Dampak dan korban ==
{{multiple image
Menurut media China total korban tewas adalah 135 orang, 12 hilang dan 980 luka-luka; 120 orang tewas di [[Gansu]], sementara 11 tewas, 198 luka-luka dan 16 hilang di provinsi [[Qinghai]].<ref name="SOUTHCN">{{Cite news|date=19 December 2023|title=Rescuers battle sub-zero temperatures as more than 120 killed by China’s deadliest quake in nearly a decade|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/18/americas/5-9-magnitude-earthquake-northwest-china/index.html |language=en |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jiazhang |first=Zhu |date=20 December 2023 |work=Xinhua News Agency |trans-title=Setidaknya 134 orang tewas dan 150,000 rumah hancur|title=至少134人死亡逾700傷多人失聯15萬房屋損毀 |agency=HK01 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/972872/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87-%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%91134%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1-%E9%80%BE700%E5%82%B7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF-15%E8%90%AC%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B%E6%90%8D%E6%AF%80 |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref> Di [[Kabupaten Jishishan]], banyak rumah runtuh, menjebak puluhan orang didalamnya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=甘肃积石山县6.2级地震致房屋倒塌和人员被困 救援力量正赶赴震中|url=https://news.cctv.com/2023/12/19/ARTIdKfJMuvTmb0Jlj8zvHQU231219.shtml?spm=C73544894212.P99790479609.EogkW3VdRtw6.12|date=18 December 2023|access-date=18 December 2023|website=CCTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=积石山6.2级地震已致127人遇难 |trans-title=Jishishan magnitude 6.2 earthquake kills 127 people |url=http://www.news.cn/local/2023-12/19/c_1130035851.htm |access-date=19 December 2023 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=19 December 2023 |language=zh}}</ref>
| align = right
| total_width = 430
| image1 = Jishishan Landslide 20231213 before.tiff
| image2=Jishishan Landslide 20231222 after.tiff
| footer= Kabupaten Minhe sebelum dan sesudah longsor
}}
Menurut media China total korban tewas adalah 135151 orang, 122 hilang dan 980 luka-luka; 120131 orang tewas di [[Gansu]], sementara 1112 tewas, 198 luka-luka dan 1612 hilang di provinsi [[Qinghai]].<ref name="Guancha1151">{{cite news |last1=Wei |first1=Fan |title=积石山6.2级地震已致该县115人遇难784人受伤 |trans-title=Gempa magnitudo 6.2 Jishishan setidaknya 151 korban meninggal|url=https://m.guancha.cn/politics/2023_12_21_719855.shtml |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=Guancha |date=21 December 2023 |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224013528/https://m.guancha.cn/politics/2023_12_21_719855.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="af24">{{cite news |title=China earthquake death toll rises to 148 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231222-china-earthquake-death-toll-rises-to-148 |access-date=22 December 2023 |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=France 24 |date=22 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jiazhang |first1=Zhu |title=甘肅地震持續更新兩省137人遇難仍有12人失蹤|trans-title=Gempa bumi Gansu 137 orang tewas, beberapa masih hilang|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/973645/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0-%E5%85%A9%E7%9C%81137%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%87%E9%9B%A3-%E4%BB%8D%E6%9C%8912%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%B9%A4 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=HK01 |date=21 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="SOUTHCN">{{Cite news|date=19 December 2023|title=Rescuers battle sub-zero temperatures as more than 120 killed by China’s deadliest quake in nearly a decade|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/18/americas/5-9-magnitude-earthquake-northwest-china/index.html |language=en |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jiazhang |first=Zhu |date=20 December 2023 |work=Xinhua News Agency |trans-title=Setidaknya 134 orang tewas dan 150,000 rumah hancur|title=至少134人死亡逾700傷多人失聯15萬房屋損毀 |agency=HK01 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/972872/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87-%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%91134%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1-%E9%80%BE700%E5%82%B7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF-15%E8%90%AC%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B%E6%90%8D%E6%AF%80 |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref> Di [[Kabupaten Jishishan]], banyak rumah runtuh, menjebak puluhan orang didalamnya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=甘肃积石山县6.2级地震致房屋倒塌和人员被困 救援力量正赶赴震中|url=https://news.cctv.com/2023/12/19/ARTIdKfJMuvTmb0Jlj8zvHQU231219.shtml?spm=C73544894212.P99790479609.EogkW3VdRtw6.12|date=18 December 2023|access-date=18 December 2023|website=CCTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=积石山6.2级地震已致127人遇难 |trans-title=Jishishan magnitude 6.2 earthquake kills 127 people |url=http://www.news.cn/local/2023-12/19/c_1130035851.htm |access-date=19 December 2023 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=19 December 2023 |language=zh}}</ref>
 
Setidaknya 150,000 rumah rusak ataudan 13,000 rumah hancur. Di Kabupaten Jishishan, banyak rumah runtuh, banyak warga terjebak di tiga desa dekat Kota Dahejia. Layanan komunikasi, transportasi, listrik dan air terputus di beberapa desa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wei |first1=Aw Cheng |title=More than 110 killed in Gansu, north-western China, as 6.2-magnitude quake strikes near midnight |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/more-than-110-killed-in-gansu-north-western-china-as-62-magnitude-quake-strikes-near-midnight |access-date=19 December 2023 |agency=The Straits Times |date=19 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2023 |title=甘肃积石山县6.2级地震致房屋倒塌和人员被困 救援力量正赶赴震中 |website=[[China Central Television]] |url=https://news.cctv.com/2023/12/19/ARTIdKfJMuvTmb0Jlj8zvHQU231219.shtml?spm=C73544894212.P99790479609.EogkW3VdRtw6.12 |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>
 
Beberapa bagian Jalan Raya Qingshui-Dahejia tertimbun oleh longsor bebatuan. Di Kabupaten Xunhua, rumah-rumah di beberapa desa rusak parah, termasuk di Kotapraja Qingshui. Di Kabupaten Minhe banyak korban jiwa dilaporkan, dan banyak bangunan tua mengalami kerusakan parah.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wenhui |first1=Li |title=甘肅地震111死、236傷 餘震近300起 專家分析地震:逆衝型破裂|trans-title=Gempa bumi Gansu: 111 orang tewas, lebih dari 500 gempa susulan terjadi|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20231219001180-260409?chdtv |access-date=19 Desember 2023 |agency=China Times |date=19 Desember 2023 |language=zh}}</ref>