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'''Pembantaian Liepāja''' adalah serangkaian eksekusi massal, kebanyakan publik atau semipublik, di dan dekat kota Liepāja ({{lang-de|Libau}}), di pantai barat [[Latvia]] tahun 1941 setelah [[Front Timur (Perang Dunia II)|pendudukan Nazi di Latvia]]. Para pelaku utama kejahatan ini adalah detasemen [[Einsatzgruppen]], [[Sicherheitsdienst]] atau SD, [[Ordnungspolizei]], atau ORPO, dan [[Kepolisian Bantu Latvia|kepolisian bantu Latvia dan pasukan milisi]]. [[Wehrmacht]] dan[[Kriegsmarine|Angkatan Laut Jerman]] turut serta dalam penembakan.{{sfn|Ezergailis|1996|pp=292-3}} Selain orang Yahudi, Nazi dan kolaborator Latvia mereka juga membunuh orang Gipsi, komunis, dan sakit mental{{sfn|Ezergailis|1996|pp=292-3}} and so-called "hostages".<ref name="Ezer_286">Ezergailis 1996, pp. 286-7.</ref> Berbeda dengan kebanyakan pembunuhan Holocaust lainnya di Latvia, pembantaian di Liepāja dilakukan di tempat terbuka.<ref>Ezergailis 1996, p. 33 n.81.</ref> Sekitar 5.000 dari 5.700 orang Yahudi yang terjebak di Liepāja ditembak, kebanyakannya terjadi pada tahun 1941.<ref name="Ezer_286"/>
 
Pembantaian terjadi di berbagai tempat di dalam dan di luar kota, termasuk Taman Rainis Park di pusat kota, dan daerah-daerah dekat pelabuhan, Stadion Olimpiade, dan mercusuar. [[Pembantaian]] terbesar, terdiri dari 2.731 orang Yahudi dan 23 orang komunis, terjadi di bukit pasir yang mengelilingi kota [[Šķēde]], sebelah utara pusat kota. Pembantaian ini, yang dilakukan di tempat latihan [[Angkatan Darat Latvia]] yang tidak digunakan, dilakukan oleh pasukan Nazi dan partisan dari tanggal 15 hingga 17 Desember 1941.<ref name="Ezer_286"/> Lebih banyak diketahui tentang pembantaian orang-orang Yahudi di Liepāja daripada di kota lain di Latvia kecuali di Riga.<ref name=Ezer_305n1>Ezergailis 1996, p. 305 n.1.</ref>
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== Penembakan dimulai ==
InDi [[Latvia]] the, [[Holocaust]] starteddimulai onpada the night of Junemalam 23 toJuni Junehingga 24, Juni 1941, whenketika indi [[Grobiņa]], asebuah townkota neardekat [[Liepāja]], para anggota [[Sonderkommando 1a]] membersmembunuh killedenam sixorang localYahudi Jewslokal, includingtermasuk theahli townkimia chemist,kota intersebut, thedi churchperkuburan graveyardgereja.{{sfn|Ezergailis|1996|pp=211-2.}} OnceBegitu Liepāja itselfsendiri felljatuh on Junepada 29, Juni 1941, "theperburuan huntorang-orang forYahudi thedimulai Jewspada began with the first hoursjam-jam ofpertama occupationpendudukan."<ref>Ezergailis 1996, p. 286.</ref> ProfessorProfesor Ezergailis estimatesmemperkirakan thatbahwa aboutsekitar 5,.700 Jewsorang Yahudi ofdi Liepāja anddan thedistrik surroundingsekitarnya districtjatuh fellke intotangan Germanpasukan handsJerman.<ref name="Ezer_286"/>
 
Pada 29 Juni dan 30 Juni 1941, terjadi penembakan acak terhadap orang-orang Yahudi di Liepāja oleh tentara Jerman.{{sfn|Anders|Dubrovskis|2003|pp=127-8}} Sekitar 99 orang Yahudi (plus atau minus 30) tewas dalam penembakan-penembakan ini.{{sfn|Anders|Dubrovskis|2003|pp=127-8}}
 
== Catatan ==
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* [http://www.lu.lv/studiju-centri/jsc/pilsetas/zemgale/kurzeme_zemgale.html Dribin, Leo, ''Kurzeme's and Zemgale's Jews'', University of Latvia website]
* {{cite book |last=Ezergailis |first=Andrew |authorlink=Andrew Ezergailis |year=1996 |title=The Holocaust in Latvia 1941–1944 The Missing Center |location=Riga |publisher=Historical Institute of Latvia in association with [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|USHMM]] |isbn=978-9984905433 |ref=harv }}
* Haggith, Toby, and Newman, Joanna, ''Holocaust and the Moving Image: Representations in Film and Television since 1933'', London ; New York : Wallflower, 2005 {{ISBN|1-904764-52-5}}
* [[Ian Hancock|Hancock, Ian]], "Genocide of the Roma in the Holocaust", Excerpted from Charny, Israel, W., ''Encyclopedia of Genocide'' (1997) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026170046/http://geocities.com/~patrin/genocide.htm |date=October 26, 2009 |title=available on-line at the Patrin Web Journal }}
* [[Raul Hilberg|Hilberg, Raul]], ''The destruction of the European Jews'', (3d ed.) New Haven, Connecticut ; London : [[Yale University Press]] 2003 {{ISBN|0-300-09592-9}}
* [http://www.jews.lv/en/about_us/council_of_the_jewish_communities_of_latvia/jelgava_jewish_community/ Jewish community of Latvia website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905044937/http://www.jews.lv/en/about_us/council_of_the_jewish_communities_of_latvia/jelgava_jewish_community/ |date=2009-09-05 }}
* Kaufmann, Max, ''Die Vernichtung des Judens Lettlands'' (''The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia''), Munich, 1947, English translation by Laimdota Mazzarins available on-line as [https://web.archive.org/web/20110207131230/http://jewsoflatvia.com/ Churbn Lettland -- The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia]
* {{cite book |last1=Klee |first1=Ernst |last2=Dressen |first2=Willi |last3=Riess |first3=Volker |year=1991 |title=The Good Old Days - The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780029174258 |others=(translation by Deborah Burnstone) |location=New York |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=0-02-917425-2 |ref=harv }}
* [http://www.liepajajews.org/LGhetto.pdf "Liepāja", article to be published in ''Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos'', Vol. 2, by U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum]
* Lewy, Guenter, ''The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies'', [[Oxford University Press]] 2000 {{ISBN|0-19-512556-8}}
* Lumans, Valdis O., ''Latvia in World War II'', Fordham University Press, New York, 2006 {{ISBN|0-8232-2627-1}}
* Niewyk, Donald L., and Nicosia, Francis R., ''The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust'', New York : [[Columbia University Press]], 2003
* Roseman, Mark, ''The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution—A Reconsideration'', Holt, New York, 2002 {{ISBN|0-8050-6810-4}}
* Schneider, Gertrude, ''Muted voices : Jewish survivors of Latvia remember'', New York : Philosophical Library, 1987.
* {{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Gertrude |year=1995 |title=Exile and Destruction: the fate of Austrian Jews, 1938–1945 |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0275951399 |ref=harv }}
* Struk, Janina, ''Photographing the Holocaust—Interpreting the Evidence'', London ; New York : I.B. Tauris, 2004 {{ISBN|1-86064-546-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Vestermann |first=Aaron |year=1987 |chapter=Survival in a Libau Bunker |editor-last=Schneider |editor-first=Gertrude |title=Muted Voices: Jewish Survivors of Latvia Remember |publisher=Philosophical Library |isbn=978-0802225368 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Vestermanis|first=Margers|year=2000 |chapter=Local Headquarters Liepaja: Two Months of German Occupation in the Summer of 1941 |editor1-last=Heer |editor1-first=Hannes |editor2-last=Nauman |editor2-first=Klaus |editor3-last=Shelton |editor3-first=Roy |title=War of extermination : the German military in World War II, 1941-1944 |location=New York |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1571812322 |pp=219–236 |ref=harv }}
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== Pranala luar ==
* {{commons category-inline|The Holocaust in Latvia}}
* [http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/policy/4641/4661/4668/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Education, Research and Remembrance in Latvia, 16 Sept 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716094459/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/policy/4641/4661/4668/ |date=2011-07-16 }}
* {{lv icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20090123111839/http://old.lnb.lv/digitala_biblioteka/Laikraksti/KurzemesVards/index.htm ''Kurzemes Vārds''] (website of National Library of Latvia, includes chronologically indexed digital copies of Liepāja newspaper published under Nazi control during occupation of Latvia from 1941 to 1944.)
* [http://avaslan.net/The-killing-fields-of-Skede The Killing Fields of Skede] (Website includes modern images of: the beach at Šķēde; the Women's Prison in Libau; the Soviet memorial; and the 2005 memorial and dedication ceremony)
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[[Kategori:Pembunuhan massal tahun 1941]]
[[Kategori:Pembantaian dan pogrom holocaust di Latvia]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah orang Rom selama Perang Dunia II]]
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