Suku Rohingya: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{disputed|date=November 2016}}}}

| group = Etnis = Rohingya

| native_name = <!-- Ruáingga --><!-- Sepertinya itu nama bahasa Rohingya, jadi dicomment sampai dapat dipastikan artinya --><br/>

| image = Displaced Rohingya people in Rakhine State (8280610831) (cropped).jpg

| caption = Pengungsi Rohingya di negara bagian [[Rakhine]].

| population = 1.547.778<ref name="Mahmood, Wroe, Fuller, Leaning 2016">{{cite journal |author1=Mahmood |author2=Wroe |author3=Fuller |author4=Leaning| title= The Rohingya people of Myanmar: health, human rights, and identity | journal=Lancet | year=2016 | volume= | pages=1–10| url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)00646-2/abstract | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00646-2 | pmid= 27916235 | issue=}}</ref>–2.000.000+<ref>{{cite book|author1=David Mathieson|title=Perilous Plight: Burma's Rohingya Take to the Seas|date=2009|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|isbn=9781564324856|page=3}}</ref>

| regions = [[Myanmar]] ([[Negara Bagian Rakhine]]), [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Thailand]]

| region1 = {{flag|Myanmar}}

| pop1 = 1,0<ref name="Ponniah">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38168917|title=Who will help Myanmar's Rohingya? |author=Kevin Ponniah|date=5 December 2016|work=[[BBC]]}}</ref>–1,3 juta<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33007536|title=Will anyone help the Rohingya people?|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://ash.harvard.edu/files/a_fatal_distraction_from_federalism_religious_conflict_in_rakhine_10-20-2014_rev_6-26-15.pdf|title=Fatal Distraction from Federalism: Religious Conflict in Rakhine|date=June 2015|publisher=Harvard Ash Center|last=Dapice|first=David}}</ref><ref name="AsianHistory">{{cite web|url=http://asianhistory.about.com/od/Asian_History_Terms_N_Q/g/Who-Are-The-Rohingya.htm|title=Who Are the Rohingya?|publisher=About Education|year=2014|accessdate=8 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118161625/http://asianhistory.about.com/od/Asian_History_Terms_N_Q/g/Who-Are-The-Rohingya.htm|archivedate=18 November 2012}}</ref> (sebelum [[Penindasan terhadap Rohingya di Myanmar 2016–2017|krisis 2016–2017]])

| region2 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}

| pop2 = 900.000+ (bertambah paling sedikit 400.000 sejak 25 Agustus 2017)

| ref2 = <ref>http://www.thedailystar.net/world/rohingya-crisis/400000-rohingyas-myanmar-arrive-bangladesh-august-25-unicef-1462066</ref><ref>http://www.thedailystar.net/world/myanmar-rohingya-refugee-crisis-1%2C000-killed-Myanmar-%20violence-%20un-rapporteur-1459426</ref>

| region4 = {{flag|Pakistan}}

| pop4 = 200.000

| ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200305 |title=Homeless In Karachi &#124; Owais Tohid, Arshad Mahmud |publisher=Outlook India |date=29 November 1995 |accessdate=18 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs/SRI-rohingya.htm |title=Box 5925 Annapolis, MD 21403 info@srintl |publisher=Burmalibrary.org |date= |accessdate=18 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="huffington">{{cite news | author=Derek Henry Flood | title=From South to South: Refugees as Migrants: The Rohingya in Pakistan | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/derek-henry-flood/from-south-to-south-refug_b_100387.html |publisher=The Huffington Post | date=31 December 1969 | accessdate=11 February 2015 }}</ref>

| region5 = {{flag|Thailand}}

| pop5 = 100.000

| ref5 = <ref>{{cite news|last=Husain|first=Irfan|title=Karma and killings in Myanmar|url=http://dawn.com/2012/07/30/karma-and-killings-in-myanmar/|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=30 July 2012|accessdate=10 August 2012}}</ref>

| region6 = {{flag|Malaysia}}

| pop6 = 40.070

| ref6 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org.my/About_Us-@-Figures_At_A_Glance.aspx|title=Figure At A Glance|publisher=[[Malaysia and the United Nations|UNHCR Malaysia]]|year=2014|accessdate=30 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230060328/http://www.unhcr.org.my/About_Us-%40-Figures_At_A_Glance.aspx|archivedate=30 December 2014|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

| region7 = {{flag|India}}

| pop7 = 40.000 (pada 2017 sebagai pengungsi dari Myanmar)

| ref7 = <ref>{{cite news|title=India in talks with Myanmar, Bangladesh to deport 40,000 Rohingya|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-india-idUSKBN1AR0MH|accessdate=17 August 2017|work=Reuters|date=2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India plans to deport thousands of Rohingya refugees|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/india-plans-deport-thousands-rohingya-refugees-170814110027809.html|accessdate=17 August 2017|work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>

| region8 = {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}

| pop8 = 12.000+ (pada 2017 sebagai pengungsi dari Myanmar)

| ref8 = <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-myanmar-refugees/myanmar-refugees-including-muslim-rohingya-outpace-syrian-arrivals-in-u-s-idUSKCN11Q2LK|title=Myanmar refugees, including Muslim Rohingya, outpace Syrian arrivals in U.S.|language=English|author=Timothy Mclaughlin|publisher=Reuters|date=20 September 2016|accessdate=3 September 2017|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| region9 = {{flag|Indonesia}}

| pop9 = ~20002.000+ (2023)

| ref9 = <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=Republika|title=ratusan-muslim-rohingya-kembali-terdampar-di-aceh|url=https://www.republika.id/posts/48700/ratusan-muslim-rohingya-kembali-terdampar-di-aceh|website=nasional|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-12-07}}</ref>

| region10 = {{flag|Nepal}}

| pop10 = 200 (pada 2017 sebagai pengungsi dari Myanmar)

| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://myrepublica.com/feature-article/story/43651/over-200-rohingya-settle-illegally-in-capital.html |title=200 Rohingya Refugees are not being accepted as Refugees and the Nepali Government considers them illegal migrants |quote=An estimated 36,000 Rohingya Refugess living in India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604182045/http://myrepublica.com/feature-article/story/43651/over-200-rohingya-settle-illegally-in-capital.html |archivedate=4 June 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>

| languages = [[Bahasa Rohingya|Rohingya]]

| religions = Mayoritas [[Islam]], minoritas kecil [[Hindu]]

| related-c =

'''Rohingya''' ({{IPAc-en|r|oʊ|ˈ|h|ɪ|n|dʒ|ə|,_|-|ɪ|ŋ|j|ə}}; [[Bahasa Rohingya|Rohingya]]: {{Script|Rohg|𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝}}, {{IPA|rhg|rʊˈɜi̯ɲ.ɟə|IPA}}) adalah sebuah kelompok etnis [[Bangsa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]] dari [[Negara Bagian Rakhine|Rakhine]] (juga dikenal sebagai [[Arakan]], atau Rohang dalam bahasa Rohingya) di [[Myanmar]]. Sebelum [[Genosida Rohingya]] pada tahun 2017 ketika 740.000 etnis Rohingya melarikan diri ke [[Bangladesh]], sekitar 1,4 juta Rohingya tinggal di Myanmar. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=UNHCR calls for solidarity, support and solutions for Rohingya refugees ahead of an urgent donor conference|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/unhcr-calls-solidarity-support-and-solutions-rohingya-refugees-ahead-urgent|website=UNHCR|access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> Rohingya dideskripsikan oleh jurnalis dan media sebagai salah satu etnis yang paling terpresekusi di dunia dengan pemerintah Myanmar tidak memberikan kewarganegaraan bagi Rohingya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hofman|first=Lennart|date=2016-02-25|title=Meet the most persecuted people in the world|url=https://thecorrespondent.com/4087/meet-the-most-persecuted-people-in-the-world/293299468-71e6cf33|website=The Correspondent|access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> Terdapat pembatasan gerak bagi Rohingya di Myanmar, akses ke pendidikan, dan layanan pemerintah akibat dari statusnya yang tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan dengan kondisi yang dialami Rohingya telah dibandingkan dengan [[apartheid]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-24|title=Kofi Annan-led commission calls on Myanmar to end Rohingya restrictions|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/kofi-annan-led-commission-calls-on-myanmar-to-end-rohingya-restrictions/vglf6myj2|website=SBS News|access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stoakes|first=Emanuel|date=2014-10-14|title=Myanmar’s Rohingya Apartheid|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/10/myanmars-rohingya-apartheid/|website=The Diplomat|access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref>

Penggunaan istilah ''Rohingya'' telah didokumentasikan secara historis sebelum [[British Raj]]. Pada tahun 1799, Francis Buchanan menulis sebuah artikel berjudul ''"A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages ​​SpokenSpoken in the Burma Empire"'', yang ditemukan dan diterbitkan ulang oleh Michael Charney di ''SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research '' pada tahun 2003.<ref name="buchanan_burma">{{cite journal |last=Buchanan |first=Francis |author-link=Francis Buchanan |year=1799 |title=A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire |url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/file64276.pdf |journal=Asiatic Researches |publisher=[[The Asiatic Society]] |volume=5 |pages=219–240 |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020051420/http://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/file64276.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Charney Arakan">{{cite news|last=Charney |first=Michael W.|title=A Comnparative vocabulary of some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/AComparativeVocabularyOfSomeOfTheLanguagesSpokenInTheBurmaEmpire |work=[[SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research]] |date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="leider_arakan">{{cite news|last=Leider |first=Jacques P.|title=Interview: History Behind Arakan State Conflict |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/archives/8642 |work=[[The Irrawaddy]] |date=9 July 2012 |access-date=9 July 2012}}</ref> Di antara kelompok penduduk asli Arakan, tulisnya adalah: "''[[Islam|Muhammedans]]'', yang telah lama menetap di Arakan, dan menyebut diri mereka ''Rooinga'', atau penduduk asli '' Arakan''."<ref name="Salim">{{Cite web|url=http://heritagetimes.in/rohingya-crisis-a-historical-perspective/|title=ROHINGYA CRISIS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE|last=Salim|first=Saquib|website=HeritageTimes|date=20 September 2019|access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="buchanan_burma" /><ref name="Minar"/> Jurnal Klasik tahun 1811 mengidentifikasi "Rooinga" sebagai salah satu bahasa yang digunakan di "Kekaisaran Burmah". Pada tahun 1815, Johann Severin Vater mencantumkan "Ruinga" sebagai kelompok etnis dengan bahasa berbeda dalam ringkasan bahasa yang diterbitkan dalam [[bahasa Jerman]].<ref name=Inside24>{{cite book|title=The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|first=Azeem |last=Ibrahim|pages=24–25}}</ref>

Saat ini penggunaan nama "Rohingya" terpolarisasi. Pemerintah Myanmar menolak menggunakan nama tersebut.<ref name=WaPo /> Pada sensus tahun 2014, pemerintah Myanmar memaksa etnis Rohingya untuk mengidentifikasi diri mereka sebagai "Bengali".<ref name=TimeRohingya>{{cite magazine |title=Why Burma is trying to stop people from using the name of its persecuted Muslim minority |url=http://time.com/4322396/burma-myanmar-rohingya-us-embassy-suu-kyi/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Feliz |last= Solomon |date=9 May 2016 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> Banyak orang Rohingya menganggap penolakan terhadap nama mereka sama dengan penolakan terhadap hak-hak dasar mereka,<ref name=jl-211>Leider 2013: 211</ref> dan Pelapor Khusus PBB untuk hak asasi manusia di Myanmar telah sepakat.<ref name="un_expert_alarmed_2017_04_07_un " /> Jacques Leider menulis bahwa banyak Muslim di Rakhine lebih suka menyebut diri mereka "Muslim Arakan" atau "Muslim yang datang dari Rakhine" daripada "Rohingya".<ref name=jpl-218 /><ref name="leider_arakan" /><ref name="Derek">{{cite web|author=Derek Tonkin|title=The 'Rohingya' Identity - British experience in Arakan 1826-1948|url=http://blog.irrawaddy.org/2014/04/blog-post_52.html|publisher=The Irrawaddy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119082025/http://blog.irrawaddy.org/2014/04/blog-post_52.html|archive-date=2015-01-19|dead-url=yes|accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> Kedutaan [[Amerika Serikat]] di [[Yangon]] terus menggunakan nama "Rohingya".<ref name=TimeRohingya />

Mayoritas orang Rohingya menganut agama [[Islam]] dengan minoritas beragama [[Agama Hindu|Hindu]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haque|first=Nicolas|date=2017-09-21|title=Rohingya Hindus now face uncertainty in Myanmar|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/videos/2017/9/21/rohingya-hindus-now-face-uncertainty-in-myanmar|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> dan [[Kekristenan|Kristen]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yacoob|first=Mohammed|date=2022-06-24|title=Religious conversions hits Rohingya camp in Bengaluru|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2022/jun/24/religious-conversionshits-rohingya-camp-in-bengaluru-2469108.html|website=New Indian Express|access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref>. Pemerintah Myanmar membatasi kesempatan pendidikan mereka; akibatnya, banyak yang menjadikan studi Islam sebagai satu-satunya pilihan mereka. Masjid dan madrasah terdapat di sebagian besar desa Rohingya. Secara tradisional, laki-laki salatshalat berjamaah dan perempuan salatshalat di rumah.

* {{commons category-inlinecat|Rohingya people|Orang Rohingya}}

[[Kategori:SukuKelompok bangsaetnik di Myanmar]]

[[Kategori:Suku Rohingya| ]]