Anton Chekhov: Perbedaan antara revisi

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== Kehidupan ==

=== Masa muda ===

 

 

 

 

 

Anton tetap tinggal di [[Taganrog]] selama tiga tahun berikutnya untuk menyelesaikan sekolahnya. Ia berusaha mencukupi kebutuhannya dengan memberikan les privat, menjual barang-barang rumah tangga, dan belakangan, bekerja di gudang pakaian. Pada [[1879]], Chekhov menyelesaikan sekolahnya di [[gimnasium]] dan bergabung dengan keluarganya di Moskwa, setelah ia diteima di sekolah kedokteran di [[Universitas Negara Moskwa]].

 

=== Tulisan-tulisan awal ===

 

 

 

 

=== Tahun-tahun kematangan ===

 

 

 

 

<!--The movement toward [[Naturalism (literature)|naturalism]] in theatre that was sweeping Europe reached its highest artistic peak in Russia in 1898 with the formation of the Moscow Art Theatre (later, until recently, called МХАТ, the [[Moscow Academy Art Theatre]]). Its name became synonymous with that of Chekhov, whose plays about the day-to-day life of the [[landed gentry]] achieved a delicate poetic realism that was years ahead of its time. [[Konstantin Stanislavsky]], its director, became the [[20th century]]'s most influential theorist on acting.

== Assessment ==

It can be safely said that Chekhov revolutionized the [[literary genre|genre]] of short story; his subject matter and technique influenced many future short-story writers. It is often said that little action occurs in Chekhov's stories and plays, but he compensates for lack of outward excitement by his original techniques for developing internal drama. The point of a typical Chekhov story is most often what happens within a given character, and that is conveyed indirectly, by suggestion or by significant detail. Chekhov eschews the traditional build-up of chronological detail, instead emphasizing moments of epiphanies and illumination over a significantly shorter period of time. As such, his best stories have a psychological realism and concision seldom matched by other writers. [[Tolstoy]] likened Chekhov's technique to that of the French [[Impressionists]], who daubed canvases with paint apparently without reason, but achieved an overall effect of vivid, unchallengeable artistry.

 

One critic says of Chekhov that he is no moralist — he simply says "you live badly, ladies and gentlemen," but his smile has the indulgence of a very wise man.

Equally innovative in his dramatic works, Chekhov sought to convey the texture of everyday life and move away from traditional ideas of plot and conventions of dramatic speech. Dialogue in his plays is not smooth or continuous: characters interrupt each other, several different conversations take place at the same time, and lengthy pauses occur when no one speaks at all. A recurring theme is the pointlessness of radical, human or mechanical change, versus the powerful inertia of slow organic cycles.

 

 

Perhaps one of his best known contributions is ''[[Chekhov's dictum]]'' (also known as ''Chekhov's Gun''): ''If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it's not going to be fired, it shouldn't be hanging there.''

 

==Influence==

Although contemporary [[Russia]]n literary critics celebrated Chekhov, international fame came only after [[World War I]] with [[Constance Garnett]]'s [[English language|English]] translations.

 

Chekhov's plays were immensely popular in [[England]] in the [[1920s]] and have become classics of the [[United Kingdom|British]] stage. In the [[United States]] his fame came somewhat later, through the influence of Stanislavsky's technique for achieving realistic acting. American [[playwright]]s such as [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Arthur Miller]], and [[Clifford Odets]] have used Chekhovian techniques, and few important writers of plays in the 20th century can have escaped Chekhov's influence entirely: for example, the work by British playwright [[Michael Frayn]] is often compared to that of Chekhov for its focus on humorous family situations and its insights into society.

 

 

Master of the short story, the British author [[Victor Sawdon Pritchett]]'s short stories are prized for their craftsmanship and comic irony similar to that of Chekhov.

== Karya-karyanya ==

=== Drama ===

 

=== Non fiksi ===

 

=== Cerita pendek ===

Banyak dari cerita-cerita yang lebih awal ditulis dengan nama samaran "Antosha Chekhonte".

 

=== Novel ===

 

== Aneka rupa ==

* Ada sebuah [[kawah]] di [[Merkurius (planet)|Merkurius]] yang dinamai '''Chekhov''' untuk menghormatinya.

 

== Pranala luar ==

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[[Kategori:Sastrawan Rusia]]