Penikaman Salman Rushdie: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox event
| title = Penikaman Salman Rushdie
Baris 47 ⟶ 46:
Pada 12 Agustus 2022, seorang pria menikam novelis Inggris-Amerika kelahiran India, [[Salman Rushdie]], beberapa kali saat hendak memberikan kuliah umum di [[Chautauqua Institution]] di [[Chautauqua, New York|Chautauqua]], [[New York (negara bagian)|New York]], [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Goodman|first=Joshua|date=August 12, 2022|title=Author Salman Rushdie attacked on lecture stage in New York|url=https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-attacked-9eae99aea82cb0d39628851ecd42227a|access-date=August 12, 2022|publisher=AP News|language=en|archive-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812152059/https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-attacked-9eae99aea82cb0d39628851ecd42227a|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Staniszewski|first=Eugene J.|date=August 12, 2022|title=State Police are investigating an attack on author Salman Rushdie|url=https://www.nyspnews.com/state-police-are-investigating-an-attack-on-author-salman-rushdie.htm|access-date=August 12, 2022|website=New York State Police Newsroom|language=en|archive-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214959/https://www.nyspnews.com/state-police-are-investigating-an-attack-on-author-salman-rushdie.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie & Henry Reese|url=http://www.chq.org/event/salman-rushdie-henry-reese/|access-date=August 13, 2022|website=Chautauqua Institution|language=en-US|archive-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812203236/https://www.chq.org/event/salman-rushdie-henry-reese/|url-status=live}}</ref> Salah satu pendiri ''City of Asylum'', [[Henry Reese]], yang juga berada di atas panggung dan akan mulai mewawancarai Rushdie, mengalami cedera kepala ringan selama penyerangan tersebut. Seorang tersangka, yang diidentifikasi sebagai Hadi Matar, 24 tahun, ditangkap di tempat kejadian dan kemudian didakwa dengan percobaan pembunuhan dan penyerangan.
Sebuah ambulans udara menerbangkan Rushdie ke sebuah rumah sakit di dekat [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]. Novelis - mengalami kerusakan banyak organ, termasuk hati dan salah satu matanya sehingga ia harus menjalani operasi dan ditempatkan pada ventilator. Keesokan harinya pada 13 Agustus, [[Aatish Taseer]] mentweet bahwa Rushdie dipindahkan dari ventilator dan dia "berbicara dan bercanda."<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/14/salman-rushdie-is-off-ventilator-and-able-to-talk-agent-says|title=Salman Rushdie is off ventilator and able to talk, agent says|work=The Guardian|date=August 13, 2022|access-date=August 13, 2022}}</ref>
Seorang polisi [[New York|negara bagian New York]] dan seorang wakil sheriff menangkap penyerang dan membawanya ke kantor polisi.
== Latar belakang ==
Novel keempat Salman Rushdie, ''[[The Satanic Verses
Pelaksanaan [[Pelaksana Perintah Imam Khomeini|Eksekusi Perintah Imam Khomeini]] akan memberikan hadiah US$3 juta untuk kepala Rushdie, sementara Yayasan Khordad 15 menawarkan untuk membayarnya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220813-activists-accuse-iran-of-responsibility-for-rushdie-attack|title=Activists accuse Iran of responsibility for Rushdie attack|publisher=[[France 24]]|date=13 August 2022}}</ref> Setelah kejadian itu, Yayasan tetap diam dan menolak untuk menjawab ''[[Associated Press]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/praise-worry-iran-rushdie-attack-government-quiet-88332346 | title=Praise, worry in Iran after Rushdie attack; government quiet | website=[[ABC News]] }}</ref>
Dua minggu sebelum dia ditikam, Rushdie mengatakan kepada majalah Jerman [[Stern (majalah)|''Stern'']]
== Penyerangan ==
Baris 65 ⟶ 64:
Sebuah helikopter menerbangkan Rushdie ke sebuah rumah sakit di [[Erie, Pennsylvania]],<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|date=August 13, 2022|title=Salman Rushdie: Author on ventilator and unable to speak, agent says|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62528689|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813032501/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62528689|url-status=live}}</ref> agen sastra novelis, [[Andrew Wylie (agen sastra)|Andrew Wylie]], mengatakan pada malam 12 Agustus bahwa Rushdie telah menjalani operasi, ditempatkan pada [[ventilator]], dan tidak dapat berbicara karena luka-lukanya. Wylie mengatakan bahwa Rushdie menghadapi kemungkinan kehilangan salah satu matanya, selain kemungkinan kerusakan hati dan beberapa saraf yang terputus di satu tangan.<ref name="NYT" /><ref>{{cite news|date=August 12, 2022|title=Author Salman Rushdie attacked on lecture stage in New York|url=https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-attacked-9eae99aea82cb0d39628851ecd42227a|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812152059/https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-attacked-9eae99aea82cb0d39628851ecd42227a |archive-date=August 12, 2022|access-date=August 12, 2022|publisher=AP News|first=Joshua|last=Goodman|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=August 12, 2022|title=Salman Rushdie Updates: Update from Elizabeth A. Harris|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york|access-date=August 12, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812163021/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 13 Agustus, seorang jaksa wilayah setempat menjelaskan keadaan Rushdie, membenarkan empat luka di daerah perutnya, tiga luka di sisi kanan bagian depan lehernya, satu luka di mata kanannya, satu luka di dadanya, dan satu luka di paha kanannya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/13/truth-courage-resilience-biden-hails-salman-rushdie-after-attack|title='Truth, courage, resilience': Biden hails Salman Rushdie after attack|work=The Guardian|first=Ramon|last=Antonio Vargas|date=August 13, 2022}}</ref> Kemudian pada hari itu, Wylie mengkonfirmasi kepada ''Associated Press'' bahwa Rushdie telah dilepas dari ventilator dan dapat berbicara.<ref name="The Guardian"/><ref name="AP Off Ventilator">{{cite news|last1=Thompson|first1=Carolyn|last2=Italie|first2=Hillel|date=14 August 2022|title=Agent: Rushdie off ventilator and talking, day after attack|url=https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-on-ventilator-after-new-york-stabbing-5ea54212d71b95569ed85df7b0fb5fea|publisher=AP News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813205627/https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-on-ventilator-after-new-york-stabbing-5ea54212d71b95569ed85df7b0fb5fea|archive-date=13 Agustus
Pada 23 Oktober, Wylie melaporkan bahwa Rushdie kehilangan penglihatan salah satu matanya dan satu tangan lumpuh karena saraf di lengannya putus.<ref name="Jones 2022">{{cite news | last=Jones | first=Sam | title=Salman Rushdie has lost sight in one eye and use of one hand, says agent | newspaper=the Guardian | date=2022-10-23 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/23/salman-rushdie-has-lost-sight-in-one-eye-and-use-of-one-hand-says-agent | access-date=2022-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 Oktober 2022|title=Novelis Salman Rushdie Buta Sebelah Usai Ditikam di New York|url=https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-6365629/novelis-salman-rushdie-buta-sebelah-usai-ditikam-di-new-york|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|first=Novi|last=Christiastuti}}</ref>
== Pelaku ==
Polisi mengidentifikasi tersangka bernama Hadi Matar, pria 24 tahun dari Fairview, [[New Jersey]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Kanishka|last2=Allen|first2=Jonathan|date=August 12, 2022|title=Salman Rushdie is stabbed in the neck at a New York lecture|language=en|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/|url-status=live|access-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812170728/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/|archive-date=August 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Root|first1=Jay|last2=Gelles|first2=David|last3=Harris|first3=Elizabeth A.|last4=Jacobs|first4=Julia|date=2022-08-12|title=Salman Rushdie on Ventilator Hours After Being Stabbed in Western New York|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york|access-date=2022-08-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ia lahir di Amerika Serikat.<ref name="AP Off Ventilator" /> Orang tuanya beremigrasi dari [[Yaroun]] di selatan Lebanon. [[Wartawan]] yang mengunjungi kampung halaman leluhurnya di Yaroun menyaksikan bendera [[Hizbullah (Lebanon)|Hizbullah]] yang didukung [[Iran]], dan potret [[Hassan Nasrallah]], [[Ali Khamenei]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], dan [[Qasem Soleimani|Qassem Soleimani]]. Hizbullah menginstruksikan para jurnalis untuk pergi.<ref name="AP Off Ventilator"/>
Akun media sosial Matar menunjukkan dukungan untuk [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 August 2022 |title=Who is Hadi Matar, the 24-year-old-man who allegedly attacked Salman Rushdie? |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/uk/this-24-year-old-man-allegedly-attacked-salman-rushdie-read-details-here/articleshow/93536770.cms |access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref> Pada saat penangkapannya, dia membawa SIM palsu dengan menggunakan nama seorang militan Hizbullah yang terbunuh, [[Imad Mughniyeh]].<ref name=":1" /> Matar telah memperoleh izin untuk menghadiri acara tersebut.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|last=Ensor|first=Josie|date=August 13, 2022|title=Salman Rushdie stabbing suspect Hadi Matar 'had fake driving licence using name of Hizbollah leader'|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/08/13/salman-rushdie-stabbing-suspect-hadi-matar-had-fake-driving/|access-date=August 13, 2022|issn=0307-1235|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/attaque-contre-salman-rushdie-ce-que-l-on-sait-de-hadi-matar-son-agresseur-presume-20220813|title=Attaque contre Salman Rushdie : ce que l'on sait de Hadi Matar, son agresseur présumé|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=August 13, 2022|access-date=August 13, 2022|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/salman-rushdie-stabbed-attack-stage-new-york-updates-b2144159.html|title=Salman Rushdie – latest: Author on ventilator as venue 'rejected advice to tighten security'|work=The Independent|first1=Bevan|last1=Hurley|first2=Peony|last2=Hirwani|first3=Matt|last3=Mathers|date=August 13, 2022|access-date=August 13, 2022}}</ref>
Para pendukung Hizbullah memuji sang penyerang di media sosial, menyebutnya sebagai seorang pahlawan, dan menggunakan [[tagar]] "holy stabbing" (penikaman suci) dalam kiriman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hezbollah Supporters Celebrate ‘Holy Stabbing’ of Salman Rushdie|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3815046/hezbollah-supporters-celebrate-%E2%80%98holy-stabbing%E2%80%99-salman-rushdie|website=Asharq AL-awsat|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090012/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3815046/hezbollah-supporters-celebrate-%E2%80%98holy-stabbing%E2%80%99-salman-rushdie|archive-date=14 Agustus 2022|access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref>
== Penyelidikan ==
Baris 85 ⟶ 86:
CEO ''[[PEN America]]'' berkomentar, "Kami tidak dapat terpikir bahwa insiden serangan kekerasan publik terhadap seorang penulis selama acara sastra dapat terjadi di sini, di Amerika Serikat."<ref name = NYT/> ''The New York Times'' melaporkan bahwa insiden tersebut mengirimkan "riak 'kejutan dan horor' melalui dunia sastra".<ref>{{cite news|last=Meko|first=Hurubie|date=August 12, 2022|title=Stabbing sends ripples of 'shock and horror' through the literary world|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-reactions.html|access-date=August 12, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812173006/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-reactions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Peraih Nobel [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] dan [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] termasuk di antara yang pertama mengeluarkan pernyataan membela Rushdie, sementara sesama pemenang [[Penghargaan Booker]] [[Ian McEwan]] dan [[Arundhati Roy]] juga mengutuk penusukan tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-reaction-journalists-writers-celebrities|title='This is shocking': writers horrified by Salman Rushdie attack|work=The Guardian|first=Maya|last=Yang|date=August 12, 2022}}</ref> Pakar [[Kajian Islam|studi Islam]] [[Kylie Moore-Gilbert]] menulis: "Lebih dari 30 tahun kemudian dan hadiah $ 3 juta, fatwa beracun Khomeini akhirnya mengenai Salman Rushdie. Hari hitam untuk kebebasan berbicara, berekspresi, agama & hati nurani. Hari yang tragis bagi sastra."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-stabbed-onstage-new-york-latest-updates?page=with:block-62f707068f086d0d751f0b47#block-62f707068f086d0d751f0b47|title=British-Australian academic Dr Kylie Moore-Gilbert spent 804 imprisoned by the Iranian regime on false charges of espionage|work=The Guardian|date=August 13, 2022}}</ref> [[Behrouz Boochani]], seorang jurnalis Iran di pengasingan, mengutuk penusukan terhadap Rushdie dan menyebutnya sebagai "serangan terhadap kebebasan berbicara".<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman Rushdie is on ventilator and may lose an eye after attack, agent says – latest updates|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-stabbed-onstage-new-york-latest-updates|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813012757/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-stabbed-onstage-new-york-latest-updates|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Paul Tighe]], sekretaris [[Dewan Kepausan untuk Kebudayaan]], berbicara untuk mendukung Rushdie saat ia membuka pameran sehari setelah serangan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/dublin/2022/0813/1315591-art-exhibition/|title=Rushdie praised at Dublin exhibition of Vatican artists|language=en|publisher=[[RTÉ]]|first=Ailbhe|last=Conneely|date=August 13, 2022}}</ref>
Serangan terhadap Rushdie bertepatan dengan meningkatnya minat beli salinan ''[[The Satanic Verses
Menurut ''[[The Observer
Penulis Inggris [[J.K. Rowling|J. K. Rowling]] menerima pesan [[Twitter]] tak lama setelah penikaman Salman Rushdie yang menyatakan "Anda berikutnya". Dia membagikan tangkapan layar dan mengatakan bahwa polisi sedang menyelidiki insiden tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/08/13/jk-rowling-told-next-reacting-salman-rushdie-attack/|title=JK Rowling told 'you are next' after Salman Rushdie attack|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=13 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/jk-rowling-twitter-threat-salman-rushdie-5840370-Aug2022/|title=JK Rowling working with police after receiving threat following Rushdie tweet|publisher=[[TheJournal.ie]]|date=13 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/j-k-rowling-salman-rushdie-twitter-support-threat-stabbing-1733436|title=Rowling Calls for Twitter's Support After Threat Following Rushdie Attack|work=[[Newsweek]]|first=Brendan|last=Cole|date=13 August 2022}}</ref>
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