Ostrakon Mesad Hashavyahu: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Ostrakon Meṣad Hashavyahu''' adalah sebuah pecahan keramik (''[[ostrakon]]'') yang ditemukan di reruntuhan benteng kuno di perbatasan [[Kerajaan Yehuda]] menghadap ke wilayah orang [[Filistin]], yaitu kota [[Asdod]] dekat [[Laut Tengah]]. Benteng itu terletak 1.7 km sebelah selatan [[:en:Yavne-Yam|Yavne-Yam]] (pelabuhan laut) dan 7 km sebelah barat laut kota [[Yavne]] (kota utama). Nama benteng ini tidak diketahui, tetapi lokasi ini dinamai menurut sebuah nama yang tertulis dalam sejumlah ostrakon, termasuk ostrakon utama, yang ditemukan di sana. Situs ini meliputi area seluas kurang lebih {{convert|1.5|acre|m2}}.

 

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Both [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] pottery and Judahite ostraca were found (see below). Some scholars believe the site had been used by Greek mercenaries. They might have been serving under Judean command in Josiah's battles against the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] army, as [[Yohanan Aharoni]] supposed. But both Greek and Judahite mercenaries served in the Egyptian army at the time of the late monarchic period. According to [[Israel Finkelstein]], "it is therefore quite reasonable that the unit stationed in the Egyptian fort of Messad Hashavyahu included Judahite mercenaries", and Egyptian control was more likely than Judean: "there can be little doubt that Egypt, which expanded in the late 7th century [BCE] along the coast of the Levant, was strong enough to prevent Josiah from building an isolated fort in the middle of an area in which Egypt had strong strategic interests".<ref name="FinkelsteinSilberman2002">{{cite book|author1=Israel Finkelstein|author2=Neil Asher Silberman|title=[[The Bible Unearthed|The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Isreal and the Origin of Sacred Texts]] |date=2002 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-2338-6}}: [http://books.google.com/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC&pg=PA350 p.350–351]</ref> One of the significant issues dependent on this debate is whether or not the [[Kingdom of Judah]] under [[Josiah]] had access to a sea port. The fact that the fort was south-facing may imply that it was built for the protection of [[Yavne]] and the surrounding agricultural lands including the seaport area of [[Yavne-Yam]], against aggressors from the south, either Philistine or Egyptian.

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Concerning who was in control of this area of the Philistine Plain, Shmuel Ahituv states,<ref>Ahituv, Shmuel, ''Echoes from the Past'', (Jerusalem: CARTA, 2008), 158.</ref> "The letter is written in good biblical Hebrew, plus a possible scribal omission here or there, and the script is that of a trained scribe. The work supervisor mentioned in the text bears a clearly Judaean name, Hoshavyahu. All these factors point to a time of Judaean control over the area." Naveh agrees, "The four Hebrew inscriptions together testify to this fortress having been under Judaean control at the time. ... It seems likely that Josiah placed a military governor in charge of the fortress, and that the force garrisoned there was supplied with provisions by the peasants living in the unwalled settlements in the vicinity."<ref>Naveh, J. op.cit., 139.</ref>

The ostracon was found under the floor of a room adjacent to the guardhouse/gate complex, is approximately 20&nbsp;cm high by 16.5&nbsp;cm wide, and contains 14 visible lines of text. In all, seven key artifacts were recovered, six of them inscribed ostraca in the Hebrew language. Pottery shards in the layer above represented Greek (early Ionian/Southwest Anatolian) or Persian-period pottery. The ostraca from this site are currently located in the Israel Museum at Jerusalem.<ref name="kchanson"/>

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ישמע אדני השר

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:"Biarlah tuanku, gubernur, mendengar kata hambanya! Hambamu adalah seorang penuai. Hambamu berada di Hazar Asam, dan hambamu menuai, dan ia selesai, dan ia menyimpan selama hari-hari ini sebelum Sabat. Ketika hambamu selesai panen, dan telah menyimpan pada hari-hari ini. Hoshavyahu bin Shobi datang dan ia merampas jubah hambamu, ketika aku sudah menyelesaikan panenku. Telah lewat beberapa hari sejak ia mengambil jubah itu dari hambamu. Dan semua rekan-rekanku dapat bersaksi untukku - mereka yang menuai bersama-samaku pada panasnya panenan - ya, rekan-rekanku dapat bersaksi untukku. Amin (=sungguh)! aku bebas dari kesalahan. Dan ia mencuri jubahku! Adalah bagi gubernur untuk mengembalikan jubah itu pada hambanya. Biarlah Ia menganugerahi kemurahan bahwa engkau mengembalikan jubah hambamu dan tidak menjadi marah."

* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[Keluaran 22]], [[Ulangan 24]]

 

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* [http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/westsem/yavneh.html Yavneh Yam Ostracon]