Samsara: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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{{Untuk|konsep samsara dalam Buddhisme|Samsara (Buddhisme)}}
'''Samsara''' ([[KBBI]]) atau '''''saṃsāra''''' ([[
"Siklus semua kehidupan, materi, dan keberadaan" adalah kepercayaan mendasar dari sebagian besar [[Agama darmik|agama-agama darmik]].<ref name="Bodewitz 2019" /><ref>{{Citation|last=Yadav|first=Garima|chapter=Abortion (Hinduism)|date=2018|pages=1–3|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-9402410365|doi=10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_484-1|title=Hinduism and Tribal Religions|series=Encyclopedia of Indian Religions}}</ref><ref>[[Gavin Flood|Flood, Gavin D.]] (1996), ''An Introduction to Hinduism'', Cambridge University Press</ref> Konsep samsara berakar pada literatur pasca-[[Weda]]; teori ini tidak dibahas dalam Weda sendiri.<ref>A.M. Boyer: ''Etude sur l'origine de la doctrine du samsara.'' Journal Asiatique, (1901), Volume 9, Issue 18, S. 451–53, 459–68</ref><ref>Yuvraj Krishan: . Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1997, {{ISBN|978-81-208-1233-8}}</ref> Konsep samsara muncul dalam bentuk yang sudah berkembang, namun tanpa rincian mekanistik, di kitab [[Upanisad]] awal.<ref name="Bodewitz 2019" /><ref name="amboyer">A.M. Boyer (1901), Etude sur l'origine de la doctrine du samsara, Journal Asiatique, Volume 9, Issue 18, pp. 451–53, 459–68</ref>{{sfn|Stephen J. Laumakis|2008|pp=90–99}} Penjelasan lengkap tentang konsep samsara ditemukan dalam kitab-kitab [[Buddhisme]] dan [[Jainisme]] awal, serta dalam berbagai aliran filsafat Hindu.<ref name="Bodewitz 2019" />{{sfn|Stephen J. Laumakis|2008|pp=90–99}}<ref name="Krishan1997p17">{{cite book|author=Yuvraj Krishan|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Bi6FWX1NOgC|title=The Doctrine of Karma: Its Origin and Development in Brāhmaṇical, Buddhist, and Jaina Traditions|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|isbn=978-81-208-1233-8|pages=17–27}}</ref> Konsep samsara dikaitkan dengan teori karma Hinduisme, dan pembebasan dari saṃsāra telah menjadi inti pencarian spiritual tradisi India, serta perselisihan internal mereka.<ref name="Bodewitz 2019" />{{Sfn|Obeyesekere|2005|pp=1–2, 108, 126–28}}{{Sfn|Mark Juergensmeyer|Wade Clark Roof|2011|pp=272–73}} Pembebasan dari samsara disebut [[moksa]], [[Nirwana]], Mukti, atau Kaivalya.<ref name="Bodewitz 2019" /><ref name="Firth1997p106" />{{Sfn|Michael Myers|2013|p=36}}{{Sfn|Harold Coward|2008|p=103}}
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== Dalam Buddhisme ==
{{Main|Samsara (Buddhisme)}}{{Buddhisme}}
Berbeda dari keyakinan agama Hindu, konsep [[Samsara (Buddhisme)|samsara dalam Buddhisme]] menyatakan bahwa, meskipun makhluk hidup mengalami siklus kelahiran kembali yang tak berujung, tidak ada jiwa atau roh yang tidak berubah yang berpindah dari satu kehidupan ke kehidupan lainnya.{{sfn|Trainor|2004|p=58, Quote: "Buddhism shares with Hinduism the doctrine of Samsara, whereby all beings pass through an unceasing cycle of birth, death and rebirth until they find a means of liberation from the cycle. However, Buddhism differs from Hinduism in rejecting the assertion that every human being possesses a changeless soul which constitutes his or her ultimate identity, and which transmigrates from one incarnation to the next.}}<ref name="naomiappleton76">{{cite book|author=Naomi Appleton|year=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhT7AgAAQBAJ|title=Narrating Karma and Rebirth: Buddhist and Jain Multi-Life Stories|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-91640-0|pages=76–89|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830191147/https://books.google.com/books?id=AhT7AgAAQBAJ|archive-date=2016-08-30|url-status=live}}</ref> Ajaran tentang [[tanpa-atma]] (tanpa-diri) ini disebut ''anatta'' ([[Bahasa Pali|Pali]]) atau ''
[b] {{cite book|author=Brian Morris|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&pg=PA51|title=Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85241-8|pages=51|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414231532/https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&pg=PA51|archive-date=2021-04-14|url-status=live}}, '''Quote:''' "(...) anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps - the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering."
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