Yahya Sinwar: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{Sedang ditulis}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yahya Sinwar
| native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|يحيى السنوار}}}}
| office = Ketua Biro Politik [[Hamas]]
| office = [[Pemerintah di Jalur Gaza|Ketua Hamas di Jalur Gaza]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Israeli occupation's threats against Hamas officials reflect political impasse |url=https://hamas.ps/en/post/4287/Israeli-occupation-s-threats-against-Hamas-officials-reflect-political-impasse |website=[[Hamas]] |access-date=27 February 2023 |date=25 September 2022}}</ref>
| statusterm_start = 6 Agustus = 2024
| leaderterm_end = 16 = [[IsmailOktober Haniyeh]]2024
| primeministerdeputy = [[Mohammed Awad (politisi Palestina)|Mohammed Awad]]<br> = [[IssamKhalil al-Da’alisHayya]]
| term_start predecessor = 13 February[[Ismail 2017Haniyah]]
| term_end successor = [[Khaled Mashal]] (penjabat)
| office office1 = [[Pemerintah di Jalur Gaza|Ketua Hamas di Jalur Gaza]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Israeli occupation's threats against Hamas officials reflect political impasse |url=https://hamas.ps/en/post/4287/Israeli-occupation-s-threats-against-Hamas-officials-reflect-political-impasse |website=[[Hamas]] |access-date=27 February 2023 |date=25 September 2022}}</ref>
| predecessor = Ismail Haniyeh
| successorstatus1 =
| primeminister1 = [[Mohammed Awad (politisi Palestina)|Mohammed Awad]]<br>[[Issam al-Da’alis]]
| image = Yahya al-Sinwar 2013 (cropped).jpg
| caption term_start1 = Sinwar13 inFebruari 20132017
| birth_dateterm_end1 = {{Birth= year16 andOktober age|1962}}2024
| predecessor predecessor1 = Ismail Haniyeh
| birth_place = [[Khan Yunis]], [[Pendudukan Jalur Gaza oleh Republik Persatuan Arab|Jalur Gaza yang diduduki Mesir]]
| death_datesuccessor1 =
| image = File:Yahya al-Sinwar 20132011 (cropped)crop.jpgJPG
| caption = Sinwar pada 2011
| birth_name = Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1962|10|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Khan Yunis]], [[Pendudukan Jalur Gaza oleh Republik Persatuan ArabMesir|Jalur Gaza yang diduduki Mesir]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|10|16|1962|10|29|df=yes}}
| death_place = {{nobr|[[Tel al-Sultan]], [[Rafah]], [[Jalur Gaza]]}}
| death_cause = [[Pembunuhan Yahya Sinwar|Tewas dalam perang Israel-Hamas]]
| party = [[Hamas]]
| education = [[Universitas Islam Gaza]]
([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| death_date =
| nationality = [[Bangsa Palestina|Palestina]]
| relatives = [[Mohammed Sinwar]] (saudara)
| children = 3
| spouse = {{marriage|Samar Muhammad Abu Zamar|2011}}
| residence = <!-- Only use for residences that come with the office. NOT for towns, cities, states, countries, etc. -->
| nickname = Abu Ibrahim (''[[Kunya]]'')
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[Intifadah Pertama]]
* [[Krisis Israel–Palestina 2021]]
==2023* Israel–Hamas[[Perang war==Israel–Hamas]]
** [[Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023]]
** [[Serangan Rafah 2024]] {{KIA}}
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label = Konflik
| allegiance = {{flag|Hamas}}
| serviceyears = 1987–2024
| serviceyears_label = Masa dinas
| branch = [[Brigade Al-Qassam]]
| branch_label = Cabang
}}
 
'''Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar''' ({{lang-ar|يحيى إبراهيم حسن السنوار|translit=Yaḥyá Ibrāhīm Ḥasan al-SanwārSinwār}},; born{{lahirmati||29|10|1962||16|10|2024}}<ref>{{Cite 1962web|last=Staff|first=Al Jazeera|title=Israel claims Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar has been killed|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/17/israel-claims-hamas-leader-yahya-sinwar-has-been-killed|website=Al Jazeera|language=en|access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref>), juga dieja '''Yehya Sinwar''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-bombs-hamas-gaza-chiefs-home-fighting-enters-seventh-day-2021-05-15/|title=Israel air strikes kill 42 Palestinians, rockets fired from Gaza|date=15 May 2021|website=Reuters}}</ref> adalah seorang politisimilitan dan politikus Palestina yang menjabat sebagai pemimpin [[wilayahPemerintah Palestinadi Jalur Gaza|Palestinapemerintahan Hamas di Jalur Gaza]] dari Februari 2017 dan sebagai pemimpin [[Hamas]], [[Islamisme|Islam]]secara [[Sunni]]keseluruhan dari Agustus 2024<ref name="Lopez2020Al Jazeera 2024-08-06">{{citeCite book |last1=Lopez |first1=Anthonynews |title=TheHamas Handbooknames ofYahya CollectiveSinwar Violence:as Currentnew Developmentsleader andafter UnderstandingIsmail |last2=IrelandHaniyeh's |first2=Carolkilling |last3url=Irelandhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/6/hamas-names-yahya-sinwar-as-new-leader-after-ismail-haniyehs-killing |first3access-date=Jane6 |last4=LewisAugust |first4=Michael2024 |publisherwork=[[TaylorAl &Jazeera FrancisEnglish]] |yearlanguage=2020en |isbnarchive-date=97804295889526 August 2024 |pagesarchive-url=239https://web.archive.org/web/20240806181830/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/6/hamas-names-yahya-sinwar-as-new-leader-after-ismail-haniyehs-killing |quoteurl-status=Kelompoklive Islam Sunni radikal yang paling sukses adalah Hamas, yang dimulai sebagai cabang Ikhwanul Muslimin di Palestina pada awal tahun 1980an. Mereka menggunakan serangan teroris terhadap warga sipil – khususnya bom bunuh diri – untuk membantu membangun gerakan yang lebih besar, hingga muncul sebagai pemerintah Jalur Gaza yang diakui di Otoritas Palestina.}}</ref> organisasi politik dan militer yang mengendalikanhingga [[JalurPembunuhan GazaYahya Sinwar|kematiannya]]. Dia telah menjadi pemimpin Hamas di Gaza sejak Februari 2017, ketika dia menggantikan [[Ismail HaniyehHaniyah]] dalam kedua jabatan tersebut.<ref name="Beaumont">{{Cite news|last=Beaumont |first=Peter |title=Hamas elects hardliner Yahya Sinwar as its Gaza Strip chief |date=13 February 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/13/hamas-elects-hardliner-yahya-sinwar-as-its-gaza-strip-chief |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213150750/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/13/hamas-elects-hardliner-yahya-sinwar-as-its-gaza-strip-chief |archive-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Balousha">{{Cite news|last1=Balousha |first1=Hazam |last2=Booth |first2=William |date=13 February 2017 |title=Hamas names hard-liner as its new political leader in Gaza |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/hamas-names-hard-liner-as-its-new-political-leader-in-gaza-/2017/02/13/b4e31518-f1f6-11e6-9fb1-2d8f3fc9c0ed_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215201209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/hamas-names-hard-liner-as-its-new-political-leader-in-gaza-/2017/02/13/b4e31518-f1f6-11e6-9fb1-2d8f3fc9c0ed_story.html |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Yahya Sinwar adalah salah satu pendiri aparat keamanan Hamas.<ref name=state>{{Cite web |title=Terrorist Designations of Yahya Sinwar, Rawhi Mushtaha, and Muhammed Deif |publisher=United States Department of State |date=8 September 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/Prs/ps/2015/09/246686.htm }}</ref><ref name="economist" >{{cite news|title=The Palestinians try to reconcile|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=5 October 2017}}</ref>
 
Sinwar lahir di [[kamp pengungsi Khan Yunis]] di [[Pendudukan Jalur Gaza oleh Mesir|Gaza yang dikuasai Mesir]] pada tahun 1962 dari sebuah keluarga yang telah [[Eksodus Palestina 1948|diusir atau melarikan]] diri dari Majdal 'Asqalan ([[Ashkelon]] modern) selama [[Perang Palestina 1948]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2024|title=Yahya Sinwar |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yahya-Sunwar |access-date=1 February 2024|website=Britannica |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128125507/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yahya-Sunwar |url-status=live }}</ref> Ia menyelesaikan studinya di [[Universitas Islam Gaza]], tempat ia menerima gelar sarjana dalam studi bahasa Arab.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2023 |title=Who is the Hamas leader in Gaza, Yahya Sinwar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67473719 |access-date=1 February 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109101602/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67473719 |url-status=live }}</ref> Atas tindakannya mendalangi penculikan dan pembunuhan empat warga Palestina yang dianggapnya sebagai kaki tangan dan dua tentara Israel pada tahun 1989, Sinwar dijatuhi hukuman empat kali penjara seumur hidup oleh Israel, yang mana ia jalani selama 22 tahun hingga dibebaskan bersama 1.026 orang lainnya dalam [[Pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit|pertukaran tahanan]] tahun 2011 dengan tentara Israel [[Gilad Shalit]].<ref name="Beaumont" /> Selama di penjara, Sinwar terus mengoordinasikan eksekusi warga Palestina yang diduga bekerja sama dengan Israel dan merencanakan penculikan tentara Israel. Pada tahun 2004 ia menerima perawatan medis dari dokter bedah Israel di Soroka Medical Center untuk [[tumor otak]] yang mengancam jiwanya.<ref name="NYT 2024-05-26" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2024 |title=Repaying a debt with blood: Israeli doctor saved Sinwar, nephew killed on Oct. 7 |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-807178 |access-date=17 October 2024 |work=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref> Sinwar adalah salah satu pendiri aparat keamanan Hamas.<ref name="US State Dept 2015-09-08">{{Cite web |title=Terrorist Designations of Yahya Sinwar, Rawhi Mushtaha, and Muhammed Deif |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=8 September 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/Prs/ps/2015/09/246686.htm |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121124014/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/Prs/ps/2015/09/246686.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Economist 2017-10-05">{{cite news|title=The Palestinians try to reconcile|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=5 October 2017|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507041529/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/07/middleeast/yahya-sinwar-profile-intl/index.html|title=Who is Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader Israel has called a 'dead man walking'|date=7 December 2023|work=[[CNN]]|first1=Ivana|last1=Kottasová|first2=David|last2=Shortell|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=7 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407153608/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/07/middleeast/yahya-sinwar-profile-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Loveday |last2=Balousha |first2=Hazem |date=11 December 2023 |title=Who is Hamas leader Yehiya Sinwar: From enforcer to Oct. 7 mastermind |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/11/hamas-leader-yahya-sinwar-israel-war/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231211182744/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/11/hamas-leader-yahya-sinwar-israel-war/ |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=27 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
Lahir di [[kamp pengungsi Khan Yunis]] di Gaza yang dikuasai Mesir pada tahun 1962, keluarganya [[pengusiran dan pelarian Palestina tahun 1948|diusir atau melarikan diri]] dari [[Ashkelon|Al-Majdal Asqalan]] (Ashkelon) selama [[Perang Arab-Israel 1948]]. Ia menyelesaikan studinya di [[Universitas Islam Gaza]] di mana ia menerima gelar sarjana dalam bidang Studi [[Arab]].
 
Pada tahun 2017, Sinwar terpilih sebagai pemimpin Hamas di Gaza dan mengklaim akan melakukan 'perlawanan rakyat yang damai' pada tahun berikutnya, mendukung [[unjuk rasa perbatasan Gaza 2018–2019]],<ref name="The Economist" /> meskipun ia juga dilaporkan telah mendedikasikan dirinya untuk membasmi Israel<ref name="Reuters 2024-10-16">{{Cite news |title=Hamas leader Sinwar killed by Israeli troops in Gaza, Netanyahu says war will go on |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/16-dead-israeli-strike-lebanese-municipality-building-2024-10-16/}}</ref> dan dikatakan telah melihat konfrontasi militer sebagai satu-satunya jalan untuk "membebaskan Palestina", dengan mengatakan bahwa ini akan dicapai "dengan kekerasan, bukan negosiasi".<ref name="Reuters 2024-10-17">{{Cite news |title=Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader committed to eradicating Israel |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yahya-sinwar-hamas-leader-committed-eradicating-israel-2024-10-17/}}</ref> Ia juga mengembangkan [[Dukungan Iran untuk Hamas|hubungan yang kuat dengan Iran]].<ref name="WSJ 2024-08-07">{{Cite news |last1=Said |first1=Summer |last2=Jones |first2=Rory |date=7 August 2024 |title=Sinwar Power Grab Cements Hamas-Iran Ties |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/yahya-sinwar-leadership-hamas-iran-ties-68f2d4ba |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref name="Economist 2024-08-06">{{Cite news |date=6 August 2024 |title=Hamas's pick of Yahya Sinwar as leader makes a ceasefire less likely |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/08/06/hamass-pick-of-yahya-sinwar-as-leader-makes-a-ceasefire-less-likely |access-date=10 August 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2024-08-08" /> Terpilih kembali sebagai pemimpin Hamas pada tahun 2021, Sinwar selamat dari upaya pembunuhan oleh Israel pada tahun yang sama. Ia secara luas dianggap sebagai dalang di balik [[Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023|serangan yang dipimpin Hamas pada tanggal 7 Oktober]] terhadap Israel pada tahun 2023.<ref name="AP 2023-11-22" /><ref name="Telegraph 2023-11-20">{{Cite news |last=Vasilyeva |first=Nataliya |date=20 November 2023 |title=Mastermind behind Hamas attacks personally handling hostage negotiations |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/20/mastermind-hamas-attacks-handling-hostage-negotiations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407102918/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/20/mastermind-hamas-attacks-handling-hostage-negotiations/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |access-date=13 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name="NPR 2023-12-03" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kingsley |first1=Patrick |last2=Barnes |first2=Julian E. |last3=Rasgon |first3=Adam |date=12 May 2024 |title=Yahya Sinwar Helped Start the War in Gaza. Now He's Key to Its Endgame. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/12/world/middleeast/gaza-war-hamas-yahya-sinwar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103321/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/12/world/middleeast/gaza-war-hamas-yahya-sinwar.html |archive-date=13 May 2024 |access-date=13 May 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kelompok tersebut telah merencanakan serangan tersebut selama dua tahun, dengan Sinwar berusaha melibatkan [[Hizbullah]] dan Iran, sambil menghindari konfrontasi untuk mempertahankan unsur kejutan.<ref name="NYT 2024-10-12" /><ref name="Telegraph 2024-10-12" />
Mengatur penculikan dan pembunuhan dua tentara Israel dan empat warga Palestina yang ia anggap sebagai kolaborator pada tahun 1989, ia dijatuhi hukuman empat hukuman seumur hidup oleh Israel, di mana ia menjalani hukuman selama 22 tahun hingga dibebaskan di antara 1.026 orang lainnya pada tahun 2011 [[pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit|pertukaran tawanan]] dengan imbalan tentara Israel yang diculik.<ref name="Beaumont" /> Pada tahun 2017, ia terpilih sebagai pemimpin Hamas, dan mengaku melakukan "perlawanan damai dan populer" pada tahun berikutnya, sebuah posisi yang kemudian ditinggalkannya.<ref name="The Economist"/> Dia terpilih kembali sebagai pemimpin Hamas pada tahun 2021, dan menjadi sasaran upaya pembunuhan oleh Israel pada tahun itu.
 
Hamas dan [[Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam]] telah ditetapkan sebagai organisasi teroris oleh Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, dan negara-negara lain dan, pada September 2015, Sinwar [[Teroris yang Ditetapkan Khusus|secara khusus ditetapkan sebagai teroris]] oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat.<ref name="US State Dept 2015-09-08" /> Pada Mei 2024, [[Karim Ahmad Khan|Karim Khan]], jaksa [[Mahkamah Pidana Internasional]], mengumumkan niatnya untuk mengajukan surat [[perintah penangkapan]] bagi Sinwar atas [[kejahatan perang]] dan [[kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan]], sebagai bagian dari [[Penyelidikan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional di Palestina|penyelidikan ICC di Palestina]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |date=20 May 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: ICC seeks arrest warrants against Sinwar and Netanyahu for war crimes over October 7 attack and Gaza war |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/20/middleeast/icc-israel-hamas-arrest-warrant-war-crimes-intl/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520113208/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/20/middleeast/icc-israel-hamas-arrest-warrant-war-crimes-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pembunuhan Yahya Sinwar|Sinwar terbunuh]] pada 16 Oktober 2024, selama baku tembak dengan militer Israel.<ref name="nytimes_20241017">{{Cite news |last=Hubbard |first=Ben |date=17 October 2024 |title=Yahya Sinwar, Leader of Hamas in Gaza, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/17/world/middleeast/yahya-sinwar-dead.html |access-date=17 October 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref> Hamas juga mengonfirmasi kematiannya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Uras |first=Umut |last2=Gadzo |first2=Mersiha |date=2024-10-18 |title=Hamas confirms leader Sinwar killed in Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/10/18/live-israel-says-hamas-chief-yahya-sinwar-killed-war-on-gaza-to-continue |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |quote=Hamas chief Yahya Sinwar was killed by Israeli forces, Khalil Hayya, head of Hamas in Gaza, has confirmed.}}</ref>
Pada bulan September 2015, Sinwar [[Teroris Didesain Khusus|ditetapkan sebagai teroris]] oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat,<ref name=state/> dan Hamas serta [[Brigade Izz ad-Din al-Qassam]] juga telah ditetapkan sebagai organisasi teroris oleh Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, serta negara dan organisasi lain.
 
==Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan==
Sinwar lahir '''Yahya Ibrahim Hassan al-Sinwar''' lahir pada tahun29 Oktober 1962,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-bombs-hamas-gaza-chiefs-home-fighting-enters-seventh-day-2021-05-15/|title=Israel air strikes kill 42 Palestinians, rockets fired from Gaza|date=15 May 2021|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623152702/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-bombs-hamas-gaza-chiefs-home-fighting-enters-seventh-day-2021-05-15/|url-status=live}}</ref> di [[kamp pengungsi Khan Yunis]], ketika Jalur Gaza berada di bawah kekuasaan Mesir, tempat ia menghabiskan tahun-tahunmasa awalnyakecilnya.<ref>{{Cite Keluarganyaweb |last=Dalloul |first=Motasem A. |date=13 February 2017 |title=The new leader of Hamas in Gaza is Yahya Al-Sinwar |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170213-the-new-leader-of-hamas-in-gaza-is-yahya-al-sinwar/ |website=[[pengusiranMiddle danEast pelarianMonitor]] warga|access-date=30 PalestinaMay tahun2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530121529/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170213-the-new-leader-of-hamas-in-gaza-is-yahya-al-sinwar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Keluarganya [[Eksodus Palestina 1948|diusir atausecara melarikan diripaksa]] dari [[Ashkelon|Al-Majdal Asqalan]] (Ashkelon{{lang-ar|مدينة المجدل|Madīnat al-Majdal}}),<ref>{{Cite selamaweb|url=https://aja.me/6ncqu|title=يحيى السنوار أسير محرر قاد حركة حماس واستشهد في مواجهة مع الاحتلال &#124; الموسوعة &#124; الجزيرة نت}}</ref> yang sekarang dikenal sebagai [[PerangAshkelon]], Arab-Israelselama 1948[[Nakba]], dan mencari perlindungan di Jalur Gaza. SetelahSinwar, diamembahas tentang pendidikannya sebagai pengungsi, mengaitkannya dengan keterlibatannya dalam Hamas dalam percakapan dengan sesama tahanan selama pemenjaraannya kemudian. Menurut Esmat Mansour, narapidana lain, Sinwar sangat terpengaruh oleh kondisi kehidupan komunal dan distribusi makanan di kamp pengungsi.<ref name="NYT 2024-05-26">{{Cite news |last1=Becker |first1=Jo |last2=Sella |first2=Adam |date=26 May 2024 |title=The Hamas Chief and the Israeli Who Saved His Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/26/world/middleeast/hamas-sinwar-israel-doctor-prison-swap.html |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527131142/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/26/world/middleeast/hamas-sinwar-israel-doctor-prison-swap.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Setelah lulus SMAdari sekolah menengah atas di Sekolah Menengah PutraAtas untuk Anak Laki-laki Khan Yunis, diaia melanjutkan ke [[Universitas Islam Gaza]], ditempat mana diaia menerima gelar sarjana dalam bidangstudi Studibahasa [[Arab]].<ref name="paldf about the life">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2010 |title= |script-title=ar:نبذة عن حياة الأسير يحيى السنوار مؤسس الجهاز الأمني لحركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس |trans-title=About the life of the prisoner Yahya Sinwar founder of the security apparatus of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas |date=15 April 2010 |language=ar |publisher=Palestinian Information Center |url=https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread.php?t=602970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624171302/https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread.php?t=602970 |archive-date=24 June 2016 |url-statuspublisher=live[[Palestinian Information Center]] |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Ezzedeen">{{Cite web|title=Yehya Ibrahim Sinwar |publisher=Ezzedeen AL-Qassam Brigades |url=https://www.qassam.ps/prisoner-18-Yehya_Ibrahim_Sinwar.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902085758/http://qassam.ps/prisoner-18-Yehya_Ibrahim_Sinwar.html |archive-date=2 September 2016 |url-status=livedead}}</ref> Adiknya adalah [[Mohammed Sinwar]], seorang pemimpin militer Hamas.<ref name="Al Jazeera encyclopedia">{{Cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=Muhammad Al-Sanwar, member of the Qassam Brigades' Staff and one of the architects of the "Shalit deal" |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/17/%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88-%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%a8 |accessdate=29 December 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |language=ar}}</ref>
 
==CareerKarier==
Sinwar waspertama firstkali arrestedditangkap inpada tahun 1982 forkarena kegiatan subversivesubversif activitiesdan anddia hemenjalani servedhukuman severalbeberapa monthsbulan indi thepenjara [[Far'a]] prisondi wheremana hedia metbertemu otherdengan Palestinianaktivis activistsPalestina lainnya, includingtermasuk [[Salah Shehade]], anddan dedicatedmengabdikan himselfdirinya tountuk theperjuangan Palestinian causePalestina.<ref name="paldf" /> ArrestedDitangkap lagi againpada intahun 1985,<ref name="Balousha" /> uponsetelah his release hedibebaskan, togetheria withbersama Rawhi Mushtaha co-foundedikut themendirikan [[Munazzamat al Jihad w’alw'al-Dawa]] (Majd), ansebuah organizationorganisasi thatyang workedbekerja, amongantara otherslain, tountuk identifymengidentifikasi collaborators withkolaborator Israel amongdi theantara Palestinianpenduduk populationPalestina,<ref name="Beaumont" /> whichyang inpada tahun 1987 became themenjadi "policepolisi" of Hamas.<ref name="paldf" /> HisPembunuhannya killingterhadap oftersangka suspected collaborators withkolaborator Israel gainedmembuatnya himmendapat the nicknamejulukan "The Butcher ofPenjagal Khan Yunis".<ref name="Sky 2023-11-09"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=2023-10-09 |title=Hamas' leader in Gaza Yahya Sinwar at the top of Israel's kill list |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/09/hamas-yahya-sinwar-israel-defence-forces-gaza-palestine/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hubbard |first1=Ben |last2=Abi-Habib |first2=Maria |date=2023-11-08 |title=Behind Hamas's Bloody Gambit to Create a 'Permanent' State of War |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/08/world/middleeast/hamas-israel-gaza-war.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 
InPada tahun 1988, Sinwar plannedmerencanakan thepenculikan abductiondan andpembunuhan killingdua oftentara twoIsrael Israelidan soldierspembunuhan andempat thewarga murderPalestina ofyang fouria Palestinianscurigai whombekerja hesama suspected of cooperating withdengan Israel. HeDia wasditangkap arrestedpada onbulan FebruaryFebruari thattahun yearitu; duringselama questioninginterogasi hedia admittedmengaku tomencekik stranglingdua twokorban, ofsecara thetidak victims,sengaja inadvertentlymembunuh killingkorban anotherlainnya during aselama [[TorturePenyiksaan|violentinterogasi dengan interrogationkekerasan]], anddan accidentallysecara shootingtidak thesengaja fourthmenembak duringkorban ankeempat attemptedselama abductionpercobaan penculikan, anddan showedmenunjukkan investigatorskepada anpenyelidik orchardsebuah wherekebun thetempat fourkeempat bodiesmayat weretersebut burieddikuburkan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=לוינסון |first=חיים |date=2023-11-08 |title="חנקתי אותו. הוא הבין שמגיע לו למות": העדויות של יחיא סינוואר כשנחקר בישראל |language=he |work=הארץ |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2023-11-08/ty-article/.highlight/0000018b-aeb1-dea2-a9bf-febf2cff0000 |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref> HeDia wasdijatuhi sentencedhukuman toempat fourhukuman lifeseumur sentenceshidup inpada tahun 1989.<ref name="Balousha" /><ref name=state/> HeDia triedmencoba tomelarikan escapediri severalbeberapa timeskali buttetapi was alwaysselalu caughttertangkap. InPada tahun 2008 whilesaat servingmenjalani ahukuman prisonpenjara sentencedia hedioperasi wasoleh operateddokter on by Israeli doctorsIsrael<ref name="BI2211">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/hamas-gaza-leader-survived-tumor-operation-israel-reports-2023-10 |title=Hamas Mastermind of Terror Attacks Had Life-Saving Brain Op in Israel: Reports |website=businessinsider.com |date=October 22, 2023 |author=Nathan Rennolds |accessdate= November 8, 2023}}</ref> to removeuntuk amengangkat tumor indi hisotaknya brainuntuk tomenyelamatkan save his lifenyawanya.<ref name="Ezzedeen" /><ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ar:قائد حماس بالسجون يحيى السنوار... خطط للهرب اكثر من مرة وعوقب بالعزل |trans-title=Imprisoned Hamas leader Yehia Sinwar ... planned to escape more than once and was punished with solitary |date=19 October 2011 |publisher=Maan News Agency |url=http://www.maannews.net/Content.aspx?id=429675 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215051848/http://www.maannews.net/Content.aspx?id=429675 |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Lieber |first=Dov |date=11 May 2017 |title=We saved the life of Hamas's Gaza leader, says Israel's ex-prison chief, dismissing strikers' complaints |work=[[Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/we-saved-the-life-of-hamass-gaza-leader-says-israels-ex-prison-chief-dismissing-strikers-complaints/}}</ref> Sinwar servedmenjalani 22hukuman yearsselama of22 his sentencetahun, anddan wasmerupakan thetahanan mostPalestina paling senior Palestinianyang prisonerdibebaskan freeddi amongantara 1,.026 otherstahanan inlainnya a 2011dalam [[Pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange|prisonerpertukaran exchangetahanan]] fortahun IDF2011 soldierdengan tentara IDF [[Gilad Shalit]], who had been heldyang hostagedisandera byoleh Hamas foruntuk fivelima yearstahun.<ref name="Beaumont" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv7israelnews.com/hamas-leader-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=Hamas leader tests positive for coronavirus|first=TV7 news|last=editorial|date=2 December 2020|website=TV7 Israel News}}</ref>
 
InPada tahun 2015, heia isdiyakini believedmengawasi topenyiksaan havedan overseeneksekusi thesesama torture and execution of fellowkomandan Hamas commander Mahmoud Ishtiwi, who wasyang accuseddituduh ofmelakukan [[embezzlementpenggelapan]] anddan [[homosexualityhomoseksualitas]].<ref name="Sky 2023-11-09">{{Cite news |last=Keay |first=Lara |date=2023-11-09 |title=Who is Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar - the 'butcher of Khan Younis' Israel claims to have trapped in a bunker? |language=en |work=Sky News |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-hamas-leader-yahya-sinwar-the-butcher-of-khan-younis-israel-claims-to-have-trapped-in-a-bunker-13003842 |access-date=9 November 2023}}</ref>
 
InPada Februarybulan Februari 2017 Sinwar wasdiam-diam terpilih secretlysebagai electedpemimpin Hamas leaderdi in theJalur Gaza Strip, taking over frommenggantikan [[Ismail Haniyeh]]. InPada Marchbulan Maret, heia establishedmembentuk akomite Hamasadministratif controlledyang administrativedikendalikan committeeHamas foruntuk theJalur Gaza Strip, whichyang meantberarti thatbahwa heia opposedmenentang anypembagian powerkekuasaan sharing with thedengan [[PalestinianOtoritas AuthorityPalestina]] indi [[Ramallah]]. Sinwar rejectsmenolak anyrekonsiliasi reconciliationapa withpun dengan Israel.<ref name="Beaumont"/> HeDia hastelah calledmeminta onmilitan militantsuntuk tomenangkap capturelebih morebanyak Israelitentara soldiersIsrael.<ref name=state/>
InPada bulan September 2017, ababak newbaru round of negotiations withnegosiasi thedengan PalestinianOtoritas AuthorityPalestina begandimulai indi EgyptMesir, anddan Sinwar agreedsetuju tountuk dissolvemembubarkan thekomite administratif Hamas administrative committee foruntuk Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/9/17/hamas-agrees-to-steps-towards-palestinian-unity|title=Hamas agrees to talks with Fatah, hold elections|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> More recentlyBaru-baru heini hasdia silencedmembungkam hardsuara-linesuara voicesgaris inkeras Gazadi overrulingGaza theyang usemenolak ofpenggunaan tunnelsterowongan thatyang [[Mohammed Deif|Muhammad Deif]] wantedingin togunakan useuntuk tomenyelundupkan sneakpara fighterspejuang intoke Israel beforesebelum theyterowongan weretersebut shutditutup downoleh byteknologi newrahasia Israel classifiedyang Israelibaru technologypada intahun 2017.<ref name="The Economist">{{cite news|title=The leader of Hamas in Gaza is the most influential man in Palestine|newspaper=The Economist|date=26 May 2018|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/05/26/the-leader-of-hamas-in-gaza-is-the-most-influential-man-in-palestine}}</ref>
 
OnPada 16 MayMei 2018, indalam anpengumuman unexpectedtak announcementterduga ondi Al Jazeera, Sinwar statedmenyatakan thatbahwa Hamas wouldakan pursuemelakukan "peaceful,perlawanan damai populardan resistancepopuler" openingyang themembuka possibilitykemungkinan thatbahwa Hamas, whichyang isdianggap consideredsebagai aorganisasi terroristteroris organisationoleh bybanyak many countriesnegara, may play adapat roleberperan indalam negotiationsnegosiasi withdengan Israel.<ref name="The Economist"/> ASeminggu weeksebelumnya earlierdia hetelah hadmendorong encouragedwarga GazansGaza tountuk breachmenerobos thepengepungan Israeli siegeIsrael, sayingdengan mengatakan "WeKami wouldlebih ratherbaik diemati assebagai martyrsmartir thandaripada diemati outkarena ofpenindasan oppressiondan and humiliationpenghinaan", anddan addingmenambahkan, "We are readyKami tosiap diemati, anddan tenspuluhan ofribu thousandsorang willakan diemati withbersama uskami."<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Halbfinger |first1=David M. |last2=Abuheweila |first2=Iyad |date=10 May 2018 |title=As Gaza Teeters on Precipice, a Hamas Leader Speaks Out |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/10/world/middleeast/gaza-protests-yehya-sinwar.html |access-date=25 September 2018}}</ref>
 
OnPada tanggal 1 DecemberDesember 2020, Sinwar testeddinyatakan positive forpositif [[COVID-19]] anddan wasdilaporkan reportedlymengikuti followingsaran theotoritas advicekesehatan ofdan healthmengambil authoritiestindakan and taking precautionary measurespencegahan. ASeorang spokesmanjuru forbicara thekelompok grouptersebut alsojuga saidmengatakan thatbahwa hedia wasdalam inkeadaan "goodkesehatan healthyang andbaik dan [...] pursuing hismenjalankan dutiestugasnya asseperti usualbiasa."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Almughrabi |first1=Nidal |editor1-last=Heller| editor1-first=Jeffrey |editor2-last=Ricahrdson |editor2-first=Alex |title=Hamas Gaza chief tests positive for COVID-19, spokesman says |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-gaza-hamas/hamas-gaza-chief-tests-positive-for-covid-19-spokesman-says-idUSKBN28B4V3?il=0 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=1 December 2020}}</ref>
 
InPada Marchbulan Maret 2021, heia wasterpilih electeduntuk tomasa ajabatan secondempat four-yeartahun termkedua assebagai thekepala headHamas of Hamascabang Gaza branchdalam inpemilihan anyang electiondiadakan heldsecara in secretrahasia. HeIa isadalah thepejabat highest-rankingtertinggi Hamas official indi Gaza anddan Gaza'spenguasa ''de facto'' rulerGaza, asserta wellanggota asHamas thekedua secondyang mostpaling powerful member of Hamaskuat aftersetelah Haniyeh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yahya Sinwar|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/yahya-sinwar|access-date=15 May 2021|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>
 
OnPada tanggal 15 MayMei 2021, anserangan Israeliudara airstrikeIsrael wasdilaporkan reportedmengenai torumah have hit the home of thepemimpin Hamas leader, theretidak wereada norincian immediatelangsung detailsmengenai ofkorban anyjiwa deathsatau or injuredcedera. TheSerangan striketersebut tookterjadi placedi in thewilayah Khan Yunis region of southerndi Gaza inselatan thedi midst of evergrowingtengah [[2021Krisis Israel–PalestineIsrael-Palestina crisis2021|tensionketegangan betweenantara IsraelisIsrael anddan PalestiniansPalestina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/home-of-hamas-leader-in-gaza-said-hit-by-israeli-strike/|title=Home of Hamas leader in Gaza said hit by Israeli strike|first=Judah Ari|last=Gross|website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> HoweverNamun, inpada theminggu weekberikutnya, thatdia followed,tampil hedi appeareddepan publiclyumum atsetidaknya leastempat four timeskali. TheYang mostpaling obviousnyata anddan daringberani thereofadalah waspada inkonferensi apers press conference ontanggal 27 MayMei 2021, whenketika heia mentionedmenyebutkan (on air) thatbahwa heia willakan gopulang homesetelah afterkonferensi the press conferencepers (onberjalan footkaki), anddan invited themengundang [[Benny Gantz|IsraeliMenteri Minister ofPertahanan defenseIsrael]] tountuk takemengambil thekeputusan decisionuntuk tomembunuhnya assassinatedalam him60 in the following 60menit minutesberikutnya, untilhingga hedia reachesmencapai his homerumahnya. Sinwar spentmenghabiskan thesatu nextjam hourberikutnya wanderingberkeliaran indi jalan-jalan Gaza streetsdan and havingberfoto selfie photos with thedengan publicpublik.<ref>{{cite news| script-title=ar:محلل إسرائيلي: أي عار هذا الذي نعيشه.. السنوار تجول في شوارع غزة وتحدى إسرائيل باغتياله ورسائله بكل اتجاه | trans-title=Israeli analyst: What shame is this what we live in .. Sinwar wandered in the streets of Gaza and challenged Israel by assassinating him and his messages in every direction| publisher=Aljazeera.net|access-date=27 May 2021 |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2021/5/27/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%84-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%87}}</ref>
 
==Perang Israel—Hamas 2023==
==2023 Israel–Hamas war==
AfterSetelah threetiga weeksminggu ofkonflik conflict in thedalam [[2023perang Israel–Hamas war2023]], Sinwar proposedmengusulkan thepembebasan releasesemua oftahanan allPalestina Palestiniandi prisonerssel inpenjara IsraeliIsrael confinementdengan inimbalan exchangepembebasan for the release of allsemua [[KidnappingsPenculikan duringselama the 2023perang Israel–Hamas war2023|the hostagessandera kidnappedyang indiculik thedi conflictkonflik]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hamas chief in Gaza says ready for ‘immediate’ prisoner swap with Israel |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/28/Hamas-demands-Israel-free-all-Palestinian-prisoners-in-exchange-for-hostages |website=alarabiya.netv|access-date=29 October 2023 |date=2023-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/yahya-sinwar-hamas-chief-gaza-tunnels-israel-hamas-war/articleshow/105256767.cms?from=mdr|title=Hamas chief hiding in Gaza tunnels is in Israeli crosshairs|newspaper=Times of India|date=16 November 2023 }}</ref>
 
==Referensi==
{{Reflist}}
 
 
 
{{Hamas}}
{{authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Orang hidup]]
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[[Kategori:TokohAnggota militer Hamas]]
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