Kota Gaza: Perbedaan antara revisi

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[[Berkas:Gaza-Turkey solidarity flag.svg|jmpl|ka|Bendera Gaza]]

[[Berkas:gaza flag in.jpg|jmpl|ka|Bendera Gaza yang dilambai-lambaikan.]]

 

 

Di bawah kekuasaan [[Kekaisaran Romawi|Romawi]] dan kemudian [[Kekaisaran Bizantium|Bizantium]], Gaza mengalami perdamaian dan pelabuhannya berkembang. Pada 635 Masehi, kota tersebut menjadi kota pertama di [[Palestina (kawasan)|Palestina]] yang ditaklukan oleh [[tentara Rashidun]] dan dengan cepat menjadi pusat [[Fikih|hukum Islam]]. Namun, pada saat [[Perang Salib|tentara Salib]] menginvasi kota tersebut pada akhir abad ke-11, kota tersebut runtuh. Gaza mengalami beberapa masa sulit—dari serangan [[Kekaisaran Mongol|Mongol]] sampai banjir dan belalang, membuatnya turun menjadi desa pada abad ke-16, saat dimasukkan ke dalam [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Pada paruh pertama masa pemerintahan Utsmaniyah, [[dinasti Ridwan]] mengendalikan Gaza dan di bawah kepemimpinannya, kota tersebut mengalami masa komersial dan perdamaian yang besar. Munisipalitas Gaza didirikan pada 1893.

 

 

 

 

== Etimologi ==

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== Sejarah ==

 

=== Zaman Perunggu ===

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=== Periode kuno ===

 

Setelah diperintah oleh orang [[Israel]], [[Asyur]], dan Mesir, Gaza mendapatkan kemerdekaan terbatas dan kemakmuran di bawah Kekaisaran [[Persia]]. [[Aleksander Agung]] mengepung Gaza, kota terakhir yang mengadakan perlawanan sebelum ia memasuki Mesir, selama 5 bulan sebelum merebutnya pada tahun 332 BCE;<ref name="STF-J"/> penduduknya dibunuh atau ditawan. Aleksander membawa penduduk lokal Bedouins untuk menghuni Gaza dan mengatur kota itu menjadi suatu ''[[polis]]'' (atau "kota-negara"/''city-state''). Dalam zaman [[Seleukia]], [[Seleukos I Nicator]], atau salah satu penerusnya mengganti nama Gaza menjadi '''Seleucia''' untuk mengontrol daerah sekitarnya melawan pasukan Ptolemeus. Budaya Yunani kemudian berakar di sana dan Gaza terkenal sebagai pusat pelajaran dan filsafat Helenik.<ref name="Ring and Salkin">Ring and Salkin, 1994, p.287.</ref>

=== Zaman Modern ===

 

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In the 1947 [[United Nations Partition Plan]], Gaza was assigned to be part of an Arab state in western Palestine but was [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt|occupied by Egypt]] following the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]]. Gaza's growing population was augmented by an influx of refugees fleeing nearby cities, towns and villages that were captured by Israel. In 1957, Egyptian president [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] made a number of reforms in Gaza, which included expanding educational opportunities and the civil services, providing housing, and establishing local security forces.<ref name="Feldman">Feldman, 2008, pp.8–9.</ref>

In March 2008, a coalition of human rights groups charged that the Israeli blockade of the city had caused the humanitarian situation in Gaza to have reached its worst point since Israel occupied the territory in the 1967 Six-Day War,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/05/israel.gaza.crisis.ap/index.html |title=Human rights coalition: Gaza at worst since 1967 |accessdate=2009-01-19 |date=2008-03-06 |work=[[CNN]] |publisher=|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080506111500/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/05/israel.gaza.crisis.ap/index.html |archivedate = May 6, 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref> and that Israeli air strikes targeting militants in the densely populated areas have often killed bystanders as well.<ref name="BBCProfile">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5122404.stm |title=Gaza crisis: key maps and timeline |accessdate=2009-06-16 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC MMIX | date=2009-01-06}}</ref> In 2008, Israel commenced an [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|assault against Gaza]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7811386.stm |title=Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian? |accessdate=2009-01-19 |date=2009-01-05 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=MMIX | first=Heather | last=Sharp}}</ref> Israel stated the strikes were in response to repetitive rocket and mortar attacks from the Gaza Strip into Israel since 2005, while the Palestinians stated that they were responding to Israel's military incursions and [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]]. In January 2009, at least 1,300 Palestinians were killed in the conflict.<ref name="idf_updated_death_toll">{{cite news |last=Lappin |first=Yaakov |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=137286 |title=IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers |work=The Jerusalem Post|date=March 26, 2009 |accessdate=6 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7835981.stm |title=Rocket salvo tests Gaza ceasefire |accessdate=2009-01-19 |date=2009-01-16 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=MMIX}}</ref>

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== Referensi ==

{{reflist}}

* [[Gat (kota)|Gat]]

* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[Yosua 13]]

 

[[Kategori:Kota di Palestina]]

[[Kategori:Sejarah Yahudi]]

[[Kategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]