Ion Antonescu: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Fitur saranan suntingan: 2 pranala ditambahkan.
 
(15 revisi perantara oleh 12 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox_PrimeInfobox Prime Minister
| name =Jenderal Besar
Ion Victor Antonescu
| nationality =[[Rumania]]
| smallimage =
| image =Ion antonescuAntonescu portrait.pngjpg
| imagesize =300px
| caption =Antonescu
| order =[[Perdana Menteri Rumania]]
| term_start =5 September 1940
| term_end =23 Agustus 1944
| vicepresident =
| deputy =
| predecessor =[[Ion Gigurtu]]
| successor =[[Constantin Sănătescu]]
| order2 =''[[Conducător]]'' Rumania
| term_start2 =6 September 1940
| term_end2 =23 Agustus 1944
| predecessor2 =[[Carol II dari Rumania|Carol II]] (''sebagai [[Raja Rumania]]'')
| successor2 =tidak ada
| birth_date =15 Juni 1882
| birth_place =[[Piteşti]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|1946|6|1|1882|6|15}} |
| death_place =[[Jilava]]
| constituency =
| party =tidak ada
| spouse =[[Maria Antonescu]]
| profession =tentara
| rank =[[Marshal of Romania]]
| religion =[[Gereja Orthodox Rumania]]
| signature =
| footnotes =
|}}
[[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B23201, Joachim von Ribbentrop und Ion Antonescu.jpg|thumbjmpl|200px|antonescu disambut oleh [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] dalam kunjungannya ke [[Jerman]] tahun 1943]]
[[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B03212, München, Staatsbesuch JonIon Antonescu bei Hitler.jpg|thumbjmpl|250px|antonescu bersama [[Adolf Hitler|HitlerHitlersaat]]saat kunjungannya ke [[jerman]]]]
'''Ion Victor Antonescu''' ({{lahirmati|[[Piteşti]]|15|6|1882|[[Jilava]]|1|6|1946}}) adalah tentara, politikus [[Otoritarianisme|otoriter]] dan penjahat perang [[Rumania]]. Ia menjadi Perdana Menteri dan ''[[Conducător]]'' Rumania selama [[Perang Dunia II]].
 
Selama akhir tahun 1930-an, pendirian politiknya membawanya dalam konflik dengan [[Raja Rumania]] [[Carol II dari Rumania|Carol II]]. Antonescu bangkit selama krisis politik tahun 1940. Ia bersekutu dengan [[Jerman Nazi]] dan [[Blok Poros]]. Segera setelah Rumania bergabung dengan Blok Poros dalam [[Operasi Barbarossa]], merebut kembali [[Bessarabia]] dan [[Bukovina Utara]], Antonescu menjadi ''[[Marshal of Romania]]''.
Baris 39 ⟶ 40:
Ia bertanggung jawab atas kematian lebih dari 400.000 orang, kebanyakan [[Yahudi]] Bessarabia, [[Ukraina]] dan Rumania. Selain holocaust, rezimnya juga melaksanakan [[pogrom]] dan pembunuhan massal, seperti [[pembantaian Odessa 1941]] dengan pembersihan etnis serta deportasi sistematis.
 
Dengan kekalahan di [[Front Timur (Perang Dunia II)|Front Timur Perang Dunia II]], Antonescu melakukan negosiasi dengan [[Sekutu]]. Koalisi politik dibentuk di antara raja muda [[Michael I dari Rumania|Michael I]]. Michael menggulingkannya dalam [[Kudeta Raja Michael|kudeta 23 Agustus 1944]]. Setelah berada di [[Uni Soviet]] dalam waktu singkat, Antonescu diserahkan kembali kepada Rumania, dimana ia dieksekusi.
 
== Referensi ==
<div class="references-small">
* [http://www.inshr-ew.ro/pdf/Final_Report.pdf ''Final Report''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629095556/http://www.inshr-ew.ro/pdf/Final_Report.pdf |date=2007-06-29 }} of the [[Wiesel Commission|International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania]], [[Polirom]], Iaşi, 2004. ISBN 973-681-989-2
* [[Viorel Achim]], ''The Roma in Romanian History'', [[Central European University Press]], Budapest, 2004. ISBN 963-9241-84-9
* [[Jean Ancel]],
Baris 64 ⟶ 65:
* [[Roger Griffin]], ''The Nature of Fascism'', Routledge, London, 1993. ISBN 0-415-09661-8
* Arnold D. Harvey, ''Collision of Empires: Britain in Three World Wars, 1793-1945'', [[Continuum International Publishing Group]], London, 1992. ISBN 1-85385-078-7
* Rebecca Ann Haynes, [http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/12954/1/12954.pdf " 'A New Greater Romania'? Romanian Claims to the Serbian Banat in 1941"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609155431/http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/12954/1/12954.pdf |date=2011-06-09 }}, in ''Central Europe'', Vol. 3, No. 2, November 2005, p.&nbsp;99-120; republished by [[University College London]]'s [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Library/ Library Services]
* [[Radu Ioanid]], "Romania", in [[David S. Wyman]], Charles H. Rosenzveig (eds.), ''The World Reacts to the Holocaust'', [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], Baltimore & London, 1996, p.&nbsp;225-252. ISBN 0-8018-4969-1
* Michelle Kelso, "Gypsy Deportations from Romania to Transnistria, 1942-44", in Karola Fings, Donald Kenrick (eds.), ''In the Shadow of the Swastika: Volume 2: The Gypsies during the Second World War'', [[University of Hertfordshire Press]], Hatfield, 1999, p.&nbsp;95-130. ISBN 0-900458-85-2
Baris 80 ⟶ 81:
* Steven D. Roper, ''Romania: The Unfinished Revolution'', Routledge, London, 2000. ISBN 90-5823-027-9
* [[Michael Shafir]], "The Mind of Romania's Radical Right", in Sabrina P. Ramet (ed.), ''The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989'', [[Penn State University Press]], University Park, 1999, p.&nbsp;213-232. ISBN 0-271-01811-9
* Ottmar Traşcă, [http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/anuare/AnuarBaritHistorica2008/20%20OttmarTrasca.pdf "Ocuparea oraşului Odessa de căre armata română şi măsurile adoptate faţă de populaţia evreiască"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915104401/http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/anuare/AnuarBaritHistorica2008/20 |date=2018-09-15 }}, in the [[Romanian Academy]] George Bariţ Institute of History's ''Historica Yearbook'' 2008, p.&nbsp;377-425
* Francisco Veiga, ''Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaţionalismului'', [[Humanitas publishing house|Humanitas]], Bucharest, 1993. ISBN 973-28-0392-4
* Petru Weber, "Die Wahrnehmung des »Domestic Holocaust« im Rumänien der Nachkriegsjahre", in Regina Fritz, Carola Sachse, Edgar Wolfrum (eds.), ''Nationen und ihre Selbstbilder. Postdiktatorische Gesellschaften in Europa'', Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen, 2008, p.&nbsp;150-167. ISBN 978-3-8353-0212-9
Baris 86 ⟶ 87:
* George W. White, ''Nationalism and Territory. Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe'', [[Rowman & Littlefield]], Lanham, 2000. ISBN 0-8476-9809-2
</div>
 
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[[Kategori:Diplomat Rumania]]
 
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