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{{Infobox Sura
| name-ar =
|
| nama_lain = ''Fatihatul Kitab'',<ref name="C"/> ''Ummul Qur'an'', ''Ummul Kitab'', ''as-Sab'ul Masani'',<ref name="Al-Jumunatul 'Ali">Departemen Agama RI (1987). hal 3</ref> ''al-Kanz'',<ref name="C"/>
▲| arti = ''Pembukaan''
▲| nama_lain = ''Fatihatul Kitab'',<ref name="C"/> ''Ummul Qur'an'', ''Ummul Kitab'', ''as-Sab'ul Masani'',<ref name="Al-Jumunatul 'Ali">Departemen Agama RI (1987). hal 3</ref> ''al-Kanz''<ref name="C"/>, ''al-Wafiyah'',<ref name="C"/> ''al-Kafiyah'',<ref name="C"/> ''al-Asas'',<ref name="C"/> ''asy-Syafiyah'',<ref>Hamzah (2003). hal 47</ref> ''al-Hamd'',<ref name="C"/> ''as-Shalah'',<ref name="C"/> ''al-Ruqyah'',<ref name="C"/> ''asy-Syukru'',<ref name="C"/> ''ad-Du'au'',<ref name="C"/> ''asy-Syifa'',<ref name="C"/> ''al-Waqiyah'',<ref name="C">"Banyak nama untuk sebutan Surah al-Fatihah", ''Hidayah'', Februari 2009</ref>
| surah_ke = 1
| nomor_juz = [[Juz 1]], Hizb 1
| waktu_pewahyuan =
| jumlah_ruku = 1
| jumlah_ayat = 7
| jumlah_kata = 25
| jumlah_huruf = 139
| ayat_sajdah =
|next_sura=[[al-Baqarah]]}}
[[File:Chapter 1, Al-Fatiha (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3|thumb|right|ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ]]
[[Berkas:FirstSurahKoran.jpg|jmpl|200px|ka|Mushaf Surah al-Fatihah]]
'''Surah Al-Fatihah''' ({{lang-ar|الفاتحة|translit=al-fātiḥah|lit=
Surah ini disebut Al-Fatihah (Pembukaan)
==
Diriwayatkan dari hadis, Surah Al-Fatihah terbagi menjadi dua, yakni separuh bagian pertama untuk Allah dan separuh bagian kedua untuk hamba-hamba-Nya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibn al-Hajjaj|first=Abul Hussain Muslim|year=2007|url=|title=Sahih Muslim - 7 Volumes|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=978-9960991900|volume=1|pages=501–503}}</ref> Terdapat perbedaan pendapat apakah ''[[Basmala|Bismillah]]'' adalah ayat pertama Surah al-Fatihah, atau ayat tidak bernomor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|year=2000|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9781591440208|pages=25|quote=[The scholars] disagree over whether [Bismillah] is a separate Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part of an Ayah, included in every Surah where the Bismillah appears in its beginning. [...] The opinion that Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except [At-Tawbah], was attributed to (the Companions) Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn 'Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and 'Ali. This opinion was also attributed to the Tabi'in 'Ata', Tawus, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Makhul and Az-Zuhri. This is also the view of 'Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shaf i'i, Ahmad bin Hanbal, (in one report from him) Ishaq bin Rahwayh, and Abu 'Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam. On the other hand, Malik, Abu Hanifah and their followers said that Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fatihah or any other Surah. Dawud said that it is a separate Ayah in the beginning of every Surah, not part of the Surah itself, and this opinion was also attributed to Ahmad bin Hanbal. Malik, Abu Hanifah and their followers said that Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fatihah or any other Surah. Dawud said that it is a separate Ayah in the beginning of every Surah, not part of the Surah itself, and this opinion was also attributed to Ahmad bin Hanbal.}}</ref> Surah ini diawali dengan memuji Allah (''[[Alhamdulillah]]'') dan menyatakan bahwa Allah adalah Tuhan seru sekalian alam (ayat 1/2),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|year=2000|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9781591440208|pages=33–37}}</ref> [[Asmaulhusna|Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang]] (ayat 2/3),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|year=2000|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9781591440208|pages=30–33, 37}}</ref> dan Dia-lah yang menguasai [[Pengadilan Terakhir|Hari Pembalasan]] (ayat 3/4).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|year=2000|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9781591440208|pages=39–42}}</ref>
=== Keimanan ===▼
Pada akhirnya, imam empat mazhab Sunni terbagi menjadi beberapa pendapat:
Tiga ayat terakhir merupakan separuh bagian hamba, dimulai dengan "Hanya kepada Engkau-lah kami menyembah, dan hanya kepada-Mu-lah, kami memohon pertolongan" (ayat 4/5), kemudian memohon untuk menunjukkan [[siratalmustakim]] (jalan yang lurus), yakni jalan yang diberikan telah diberikan nikmat (ayat 5-6/6-7).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|year=2000|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9781591440208|pages=42–55}}</ref>
Beberapa pemikir Muslim meyakini bahwa orang [[Yahudi]] dan [[Nasrani]] adalah contoh dari orang-orang yang dimurkai dan orang-orang tersesat, berturut-turut.<ref name="Leaman">{{cite book|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|date=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=%22The+Prophet+interpreted+those+who+incurred+God%E2%80%99s+wrath+as+the+Jews+and+the+misguided+as+the+Christians%22&pg=PA614|title=The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-32639-7|editor=Leaman, Oliver|page=614|quote=The Prophet interpreted those who incurred God's wrath as the Jews and the misguided as the Christians.|author-link=Oliver Leaman|access-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328155435/https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=%22The+Prophet+interpreted+those+who+incurred+God%E2%80%99s+wrath+as+the+Jews+and+the+misguided+as+the+Christians%22&pg=PA614|archive-date=2021-03-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="interpretation2">{{cite book|last=Ayoub|first=Mahmoud M.|date=January 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sIXpFtvp2JYC&pg=PA49|title=The Qur'an and Its Interpreters: v.1: Vol 1|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0873957274|page=49|quote=Most commentators have included the Jews among those who have "incurred" divine wrath and the Christians among those who have "gone astray".(Tabari, I, pp. 185-195; Zamakhshari, I, p. 71)|author-link=Mahmoud M. Ayoub|access-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328155501/https://books.google.com/books?id=sIXpFtvp2JYC&pg=PA49|archive-date=2021-03-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ibn Kathir|author-link=Ibn Kathir|title=The Quran Commentaries for 1.7 Al Fatiha (The opening)|url=https://quranx.com/tafsirs/1.7|work=QuranX|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529191410/https://quranx.com/tafsirs/1.7|archive-date=29 May 2020|access-date=24 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Al-Amin Ash-Shanqit, Muhammad|date=10 October 2012|title=Tafsir of Chapter 001: Surah al-Fatihah (The Opening)|url=https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening|work=Sunnah Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531145652/https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening|archive-date=31 May 2019|access-date=24 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4|title=The greatest recitation of Surat al-Fatiha|date=6 June 2007|people=Al Kindari, Fahad|publisher=Sweden [[Dawah]] Media Production (on behalf of High Quality & I-Media); LatinAutor - Warner Chappell|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/Iti-dplakf4|archive-date=2021-11-17|quote=The saying of the Exalted, 'not the Path of those who have earned Your Anger, nor of those that went astray': the majority of the scholars of tafseer said that 'those who have earned Your Anger' are the Jews, and 'those that went astray' are the Christians, and there is the hadeeth of the Messenger of Allaah (SAW) reported from Adee bin Haatim (RA) concerning this. And the Jews and the Christians even though both of them are misguided and both of them have Allaah's Anger on them - the Anger is specified to the Jews, even though the Christians share this with them because the Jews knew the truth and rejected it and deliberately came with falsehood, so the Anger (of Allah being upon them) was the description most befitting them. And the Christians were ignorant, not knowing the truth, so misguidance was the description most befitting them. So with this the saying of Allaah, 'so they have drawn on themselves anger upon anger' (2:90) clarifies that the Jews are those that 'have earned your Anger'. And likewise His sayings, 'Say: shall I inform you of something worse than that, regarding the recompense from Allaah: those (Jews) who incurred the Curse of Allaah and His Anger' (5:60)|url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 January 2014|title=Surah Al-Fatihah, Chapter 1|url=https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1|work=[[al-islam.org]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094137/https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1|archive-date=8 December 2019|access-date=11 December 2019|quote=Some of the commentators believe that / dallin / 'those gone astray' refers to the misguided of the Christians; and / maqdubi 'alayhim / 'those inflicted with His Wrath' refers to the misguided of the Jews.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=al-Jalalayn|author-link=Tafsir al-Jalalayn|title=The Tasfirs|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=1&tAyahNo=7&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|work=altafsir.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904084752/https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=1&tAyahNo=7&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|archive-date=4 September 2019|access-date=7 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ExplantionQur'an">{{Cite book|last=Abdul-Rahman|first=Muhammad Saed|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLKkvUGFP34C|title=The meaning and explanation of the glorious Qur'an, 2nd Edition, Volume 1|publisher=MSA Publication Limited|isbn=978-1-86179-643-1}}</ref>{{rp|45}} Yang lain memandang ini sebagai kecaman terhadap semua orang Yahudi dan Nasrani dari masa ke masa.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bostom, Andrew|author-link=Andrew Bostom|date=29 May 2019|title=Ramadan Koran lesson: Curse Jews and Christians 17-times daily: Part 1|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/23948|work=[[Israel National News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130175303/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/23948|archive-date=30 November 2019|access-date=9 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Bostom, Andrew|author-link=Andrew Bostom|date=29 May 2019|title=Ramadan Koran lesson: Curse Jews and Christians 17-times daily: Part 2|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/23949|work=[[Israel National News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209040013/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/23949|archive-date=9 December 2019|access-date=9 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Shrenzel, Israel|date=4 September 2019|title=Verses and Reality: What the Koran Really Says about Jews|url=http://jcpa.org/article/verses-and-reality-what-the-koran-really-says-about-jews/|work=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209040015/http://jcpa.org/article/verses-and-reality-what-the-koran-really-says-about-jews/|archive-date=9 December 2019|access-date=8 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Sementara itu, yang lain berpendapat bahwa ayat ini merujuk pada semua orang secara umum tanpa memandang kelompok tertentu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Asad|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|title=The Message of the Quran, Commentary on Surah Fatiha|pages=23–24|quote=According to almost all the commentators, God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is synonymous with the evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidance and acting contrary to His injunctions. ... As regards the two categories of people following a wrong course, some of the greatest Islamic thinkers (e.g. Al-Ghazali or, in recent times, Muhammad 'Abduh) held the view that the people described as having incurred "God's condemnation" - that is, having deprived themselves of His grace - are those who have become fully cognizant of God's message and, having understood it, have rejected it; while by "those who go astray" are meant people whom the truth has either not reached at all, or to whom it has come in so garbled and corrupted a form as to make it difficult for them to recognize it as the truth (see 'Abduh in Manar I, 68 ff.).|author-link=Muhammad Asad|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126180926/http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|archive-date=2019-11-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Ali|first=Abdullah Yusuf|year=2006|url=http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf|title=The Meaning of The Noble Qur'an, Commentary on al-Fatiha|pages=7|quote=...those who are in the darkness of Wrath and those who stray? The first are those who deliberately break God's law; the second those who stray out of carelessness or negligence. Both are responsible for their own acts or omissions. In opposition to both are the people who are in the light of God's Grace: for His Grace not only protects them from active wrong ... but also from straying into paths of temptation or carelessness. The negative gair should be construed as applying not to the way, but as describing men protected from two dangers by God's Grace.|author-link=Abdullah Yusuf Ali|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312164616/http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf|archive-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shafi|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|title=Ma'ariful Qur'an|pages=78–79|author-link=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718160303/http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|archive-date=2020-07-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Tafsir al-Kabir, al-Razi, التفسير الكبير, Tafsir Surah al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Al-Kashshaaf, Al-Zamakhshari, الكشاف, Commentary on surah al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref name="Maududi2">{{cite book|last=Maududi|first=Imam Sayyid Abul Ala|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|title=Tafhim Al Quran|author-link=Abul A'la Maududi|access-date=2013-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728184437/http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|archive-date=2013-07-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=15 November 2021|title=Corpus Coranicum: Commentary on the Quran. Chronologisch-literaturwissenschaftlicher Kommentar zum Koran, hg. von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften durch Angelika Neuwirth unter Mitarbeit von Ali Aghaei und Tolou Khademalsharieh, unter Heranziehung von Übersetzungen von Nicolai Sinai.|url=https://corpuscoranicum.de/kommentar/index/sure/1/vers/1|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|quote=Das anaphorische ʾiyyāka (V. 6) betont die Exklusivität des Angerufenen, der anders als im Fall der paganen mušrikūn, die Gott zwar in extremen Situationen um Hilfe rufen, ihm aber nicht dienen, vgl. Q 17:67, Adressat sowohl von Hilferufen als auch von Gottesdienst ist. An diese im Zentrum stehende Affirmation der Alleinverehrung Gottes schließt die Bitte um Rechtleitung an (V. 7). Der hier erhoffte ‚gerade Weg‘ soll demjenigen der bereits von Gott mit Huld bedachten Vorläufern folgen. Sie werden nicht explizit gemacht und dürften zur Zeit der Entstehung der fātiḥa auch unbestimmt intendiert sein. Erst später–mit der Herausbildung von Kollektivbildern - ließen sich die Zielgruppen ex silentio erschließen|url-status=live}}</ref>
:"''Hanya kepada Engkaulah kami menyembah, dan hanya kepada Engkaulah kami memohon pertolongan.''"▼
== Teks ==
{{Teks quran blok |s=1 |nama surat=al fatihah |basmalah=y
|a1=1
|t1=Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih, Maha Penyayang
|a2=2
:"''Tunjukilah kami jalan yang lurus, (yaitu) jalan orang-orang yang telah Engkau anugerahkan nikmat kepada mereka, bukan (jalan) mereka yang dimurkai dan bukan (pula jalan) mereka yang sesat. ''"▼
|t2=Segala puji bagi Allah, Tuhan seluruh alam,
|a3=3
|t3=Yang Maha Pengasih, Maha Penyayang,
|a4=4
|t4=Pemilik hari pembalasan.
|a5=5
▲
|a6=6
|t6=Tunjukilah kami jalan yang lurus
|a7=7
▲
Al-Fatihah merupakan satu-satunya surah yang dipandang penting dalam [[salat]]. Salat dianggap tidak sah apabila pembacanya tidak membaca surah ini.<ref>"Tidak sah salat seseorang jika tidak membaca Al-Fatihah". HR. Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Awanah, dan Baihaqi. Baca ''Irwa' '' Hadits no. 302</ref> Dalam [[hadits]] dinyatakan bahwa salat yang tidak disertai al-Fatihah adalah salat yang "buntung" dan "tidak sempurna".<ref>HR. Muslim dan Abu 'Awanah</ref> Walau begitu, hal tersebut tidak berlaku bagi orang yang tidak hafal Al-Fatihah. Dalam hadits lain disebutkan bahwa orang yang tidak hafal Al-Fatihah diperintahkan membaca:▼
|attr={{Cite quran|style=ref|1|1-7}}}}
▲Al-Fatihah merupakan satu-satunya surah yang dipandang penting dalam [[salat]]. Salat dianggap tidak sah apabila pembacanya tidak membaca surah ini.<ref>"Tidak sah salat seseorang jika tidak membaca Al-Fatihah". HR. Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Awanah, dan Baihaqi. Baca ''Irwa' '' Hadits no. 302</ref> Dalam [[hadits|hadis]] dinyatakan bahwa salat yang tidak disertai al-Fatihah adalah salat yang "buntung" dan "tidak sempurna".<ref>HR. Muslim dan Abu 'Awanah</ref> Walau begitu, hal tersebut tidak berlaku bagi orang yang tidak hafal Al-Fatihah. Dalam
:"''Maha Suci Allah, segala puji milik Allah, tidak ada tuhan kecuali Allah, Allah Maha Besar, tidak ada daya dan kekuatan kecuali karena pertolongan Allah.''"<ref>HR. Abu Dawud, Ibnu Khuzaimah, Hakim, Thabarani, dan Ibnu Hibban. Disahkan oleh Hakim dan disetujui Dzahabi. Baca ''Al-Irwa' '' Hadits no. 303</ref>
Dalam pelaksanaan salat, Al-Fatihah dibaca setelah pembacaan [[Doa Iftitah]] dan dilanjutkan dengan "[[
Disebutkan bahwa pembacaan Al-Fatihah seperti yang dicontohkan [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad]] adalah dengan memberi jeda pada setiap ayat hingga selesai membacanya,<ref>HR. Abu Dawud dan Sahmi, disahkan oleh Hakim dan disetujui oleh Dzahabi. Baca ''Al-Irwa' '' Hadits no. 343. Diriwayatkan pula oleh 'Amr ad-Dani dalam Kitab ''Muktafa'' 5/2.</ref> misal:
Baris 58 ⟶ 66:
Selain itu, kadang bacaan Nabi Muhammad pada ayat ''Maliki yaumiddīn'' dengan ''ma'' pendek dibaca ''Māliki yaumiddīn'' dengan ''ma'' panjang.<ref>HR. Tamam ar-Razi dalam ''Al-Fawaaid'', Ibnu Abu Dawud dalam ''Al-Mushahif'' 7/2, Abu Nu'aim dalam ''Akhbaari Asbahan'' 1/104, dan Hakim, disahkan oleh Hakim dan disetujui Dzahabi.</ref>
Dalam salat, Al-Fatihah biasanya diakhiri dengan kata "Aamiin". "Aamiin" dalam [[salat Jahr]] biasanya didahului oleh imam dan kemudian diikuti oleh makmum. Pembacaan "Aamiin" diharuskan dengan suara keras dan panjang.<ref>HR. Bukhari dan Abu Dawud dengan sanad sahih.</ref> Dalam
Pembacaan Al-Fatihah dan surah-surah lain dalam salat ada yang membacanya keras dan ada yang lirih. Hal itu tergantung dai salat yang sedang dijalankan dan urutan
:''"[[Rasulullah]] bersabda, "Wahai [[Abu Bakar]], saya telah lewat di depan rumahmu ketika engkau [[salat Lail]] dengan bacaan lirih." Abu Bakar menjawab, "Wahai Rasulullah, Dzat yang aku bisiki sudah mendengar." Dia bersabda kepada [[Umar bin Khattab|Umar]], "Aku telah lewat di depan rumahmu ketika kamu salat Lail dengan bacaan yang keras." Jawabnya, "Wahai Rasulullah, aku membangunkan orang yang terlelap dan mengusir setan." Nabi [[Muhammad]] bersabda, "Wahai Abu Bakar, keraskan sedikit suaramu." Kepada Umar dia bersabda, "Lirihkan sedikit suaramu."''<ref>HR. Abu Dawud dan Hakim, disahkan oleh Hakim dan disetujui Dzahabi.</ref>
Dalam Salat, pembacaan Surah Al-Fatihah sifatnya wajib bagi imam, makmum maupun orang yang salat sendirian. Pembacaan Surah Al-Fatihah merupakan salah satu syarat sah dalam salat. Pengecualian pembacaan Surah Al-Fatihah dengan salat yang dianggap sah berlaku bagi makmum masbuk yang hanya mendapati imam ketika rukuk.{{Sfn|Adil|2018|p=225-226}} Pembacaan Surah Al-Fatihah di dalam salat harus tepat pada posisi berdiri. Salat dianggap tidak sah ketika Surah Al-Fatihah mulai dibaca ketika sedang menuju berdiri pada rakaat baru. Pembacaan Surah Al-Fatihah secara keliru hingga mengubah makna juga membuat salat menjadi tidak sah. Hal ini juga berlaku ketika pembacaannya melupakan salah satu huruf maupun [[tasydid]].{{Sfn|Adil|2018|p=226}}
==
Pandangan yang cukup umum tentang asal usul surah ini berasal dari riwayat [[Abdullah bin Abbas]] (''raḍiyallāhu ‘anhu'') bahwa surah ini termasuk dalam kelompok [[Makiyah]], meski ada yang meyakini apakah surah itu [[Madaniyah]], atau bahkan diturunkan di kedua kota.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmad|first=Mirza Bahir Ud-Din|year=1988|title=The Quran with English Translation and Commentary|publisher=Islam International Publications Ltd.|isbn=1-85372-045-3|pages=1}}</ref> Para ulama sepakat bahwa surah ini merupakan surah pertama yang diturunkan secara lengkap kepada Nabi [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Maududi" />
Nama surah ini, yang berarti "Pembukaan", maksudnya adalah surah pertama yang muncul dalam [[Mus'haf]], dibacakan setiap rakaat ''[[Salah|salat]]''. Akar kata nama surah ini adalah F-T-Ḥ ({{wikt-lang|ar|ف ت ح}}), yang berarti "membuka" atau "menaklukkan".<ref name="Maududi" /><ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study of the Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref> Selain dinamai Al-Fatihah (Pembukaan), surah ini sering juga disebut ''Fātiḥatul Kitāb'' (Pembukaan Kitab), ''Al-Ḥamd'' (Segala Puji), ''Aṣ-Ṣalah'' (Salat), ''Ummul-Kitāb'' (Induk Kitab), ''Ummul Qur'ān'' (Induk Al-Qur'an),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadith - The Book of the Commencement of the Prayer - Sunan an-Nasa'i - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|url=https://sunnah.com/nasai/11/39|website=sunnah.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813144611/https://sunnah.com/nasai/11/39|archive-date=2020-08-13|access-date=2020-11-30|url-status=live}}</ref> ''As-Sab'ul Maṡani'' (Tujuh yang Diulang dari Surah 15:87),<ref name="khoi">{{cite book|author=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei|title=[[Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran]]|pages=446|author-link=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei}}</ref> ''asy-Syifa''' (Obat),<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|year=2000|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9781591440208|pages=7–8}}</ref> ''Al-Wafiyah'' (Yang Sempurna), ''al-Kanz'' (Simpanan Yang Tebal), ''asy-Syafiyah'' (Yang Menyembuhkan), ''al-Kafiyah'' (Yang Mencukupi), ''al-Asas'' (Pokok), ''ar-Ruqyah'' (Mantra), ''asy-Syukru'' (Syukur), ''ad-Du'au'' (Do'a), dan ''al-Waqiyah'' (Yang Melindungi dari Kesesatan).<ref name="C" />
▲# Mazhab Syafi'i berpendapat bahwa salat tidak sah bila tidak membaca bismillah karena bismillah adalah kalimat suci yang diucapkan oleh Allah sendiri dalam surat Al-Faatihah. Pandangan ini banyak dianut oleh Nahdlatul Ulama dan kaum muslim di Indonesia.
▲# Mazhab Maliki berpendapat bahwa basmalah tidak pernah diucapkan oleh Allah dalam surat Al-Faatihah. Hal ini dianggap bersifat makruh; tidak kena dosa tetapi juga tidak dapat pahala. Pandangan ini banyak dianut oleh imam besar di masjid Nabawi (Medinah) dan masjidil Haram (Mekah).
▲# Mazhab Hanafi menyetujui mazhab Maliki bahwa '"Bismillah"' tidak pernah diucapkan Allah dalam surat Al Faatihah, namun mereka mengambil posisi tengah (tepatnya ambigu) dengan cara mengucapkan Bismillah secara pelan saja<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd1WgE0InFQ Video youtube] dari Imam masjid di Jeddah yang menyatakan bahwa basmalah tidak ada di surat Al Faatihah.</ref>. Pandangan ini banyak dianut di India, Pakistan dan Asia Tengah.
▲== Nama lain ==
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 81 ⟶ 82:
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{reflist|2}}
===
* {{Cite book|last=Adil|first=Abu Abdirrahman|date=2018|title=Ensiklopedi Salat|location=Jakarta|publisher=Ummul Qura|isbn=978-602-7637-03-0|editor-last=Mujtahid|editor-first=Umar|ref={{sfnref|Adil|2018}}|url-status=live}}
*
* Hamzah, Muchotob (2003). ''Studi Al-Qur'an Komprehensif''. Yogyakarta: Gama Media ISBN 979-95526-1-3
Baris 93 ⟶ 97:
{{Sura|1|—|[[Surah Al-Baqarah]]}}
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