Bahasa Spanyol: Perbedaan antara revisi

|script = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] ([[AlfabetEjaan Bahasa Spanyol|Alfabet bahasa Spanyol]])<br />[[Braille|Braille bahasa Spanyol]]

|speakers = Bahasa pertama 329<ref name=Ethnologue1>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size Spanish language total]. Ethnologue. Retrieved 14 August 2009.</ref> hingga 500<ref>[http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }} (page 38), [http://www.elcastellano.org/23abr.html elcastellano.org]</ref> juta.<br /><small> Sebagai bahasa pertama atau kedua 450<ref>[http://www.actaslengua.org/acta_conclusiones_lengua_espanola.asp?id=1 actaslengua.org]</ref> hingga 600<ref>[http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html krysstal.com], 5th International Congress on Spanish Language ([http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/29012009_CongresoLengua.htm la-moncloa.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206100056/http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/29012009_CongresoLengua.htm |date=2010-12-06 }}), [http://www.uis.edu/clas/Online/factsaboutspanish.html uis.edu], Antonio Molina, director of the Instituto Cervantes in 2006 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100305141543/http://terranoticias.terra.es/cultura/articulo/espanol_sera_segunda_lengua_comunicacion_848372.htm terranoticias.es], [http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2007/04/26/cultura/1177610767.html elmundo.es], [http://www.fundeu.es/Noticias.aspx?frmOpcion=NOTICIA&frmFontSize=2&frmIdNoticia=74 fundeu.es]), Luis María Anson of the Real Academia Española ([http://www.elcultural.es/version_papel/OPINION/24251/Estados_Unidos-_mas_hispanohablantes_que_en_Espana elcultural.es]), Mario Melgar of the México University ([http://www.lllf.uam.es/~fmarcos/coloquio/Ponencias/MMelgar.doc lllf.uam.es]), Feu Rosa - Spanish in Mercosur ([http://congresosdelalengua.es/valladolid/ponencias/unidad_diversidad_del_espanol/5_espanol_y_portugues/rosa_f.htm congresosdelalengua.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720135938/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valladolid/ponencias/unidad_diversidad_del_espanol/5_espanol_y_portugues/rosa_f.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}), [http://www.eumed.net/rev/cccss/05/jrz.htm eumed.net], [http://www.babel-linguistics.com/idiomas.htm babel-linguistics.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310120932/http://www.babel-linguistics.com/idiomas.htm |date=2009-03-10 }}.</ref><br /><small> juta{{Dubious|date=February 2010}}.

|rank = 2 (penutur asli),<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size ethnologue.org], [https://web.archive.org/web/19990429232804/http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/top100.html sil.org], [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html cia.gov] (see "World" file), [http://www.eldia.es/2009-11-02/cultura/3-espanol-esta-crisis-Instituto-Cervantes.htm eldia.es] (according to [[Ethnology (journal)]]), Encarta ([http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html Chinese 800 million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065527/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html |date=2011-06-04 }}, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html Spanish 500 million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065305/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html |date=2011-06-04 }}, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html English 500 million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065334/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html |date=2011-06-04 }}).</ref> 3 (total speakers)<ref>[http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html krysstal.com]/ Ethnologue ([http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cmn Mandarin Chinese]: 845 mill. + 145 mill. [[Second language|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng English]: 500 mill. + 167 mill. [[Second language|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=spa Spanish] 329 mill. + 60 mill. [[Second language|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hin Hindi] 182 mill. + 120 mill. [[Second language|L2]])/ [http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm George Weber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312042140/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm |date=2008-03-12 }} (Mandarin 1.12 billion, English 480 million, Spanish 500 million, Russian 285 million)/ [http://www.oei.es/marchesiiv.htm IV Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española] (Álvaro Marchesi

|nation = [[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|20 negara]]<br />{{flag|Argentina}}<br />{{flag|Bolivia}}<br />{{flag|Chili}}<br />{{flag|Kolombia}}<br />{{flag|Kosta Rika}}<br />{{flag|Kuba}}<br />{{flag|Republik Dominika}}<br />{{flag|Ekuador}}<br />{{flag|El Salvador}}<br />{{flag|Guinea Khatulistiwa}}<br />{{flag|Guatemala}}<br />{{flag|Honduras}}<br />{{flag|Meksiko}}<br />{{flag|Nikaragua}}<br />{{flag|Panama}}<br />{{flag|Paraguay}}<br />{{flag|Peru}}<br />{{flag|Spanyol}}<br />{{flag|Uruguay}}<br />{{flag|Venezuela}}<br /><br />[[EntitasWilayah Bergantungdependensi]]<br />{{flag|Puerto Riko}}<br /><br />[[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|Wilayah yang disengketakan]]<br />{{flag|Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi}}<br /><br />[[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|Minoritas Signifikan]]<br />{{flag|Andorra}}<br />{{flag|Belize}}<br />{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}<br /><br />[[Organisasi|Organisasi Internasional]]<br />{{flag|Uni Afrika}}<br />{{flag[[File:Bandera.AEC.jpg|25px]] [[Asosiasi Negara Karibia}}]]<br />{{flag|[[Komunitas Karibia}}]]<br />{{flag|[[Komunitas Negara-Negara Amerika Latin dan Karibia}}]]<br />{{flag|Uni Eropa}}<br />{{flag|[[Asosiasi Integrasi Amerika Latin}}]]<br />{{flag|[[Parlemen Amerika Latin}}]]<br />{{flag|Mercusor}}[[Mercosur]]<br />{{flag|[[Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa}}]]<br />{{flag|Organisasi Negara-Negara Amerika}}<br />{{flag|PBB}}<br />{{flag|Uni Negara Amerika Selatan}}<br />{{flag|[[Organisasi Negara-Negara Amerika-Ibero}}]]

|mapcaption= {{legendlegend3|#000080|Negara-negara dengan status resmi bahasa Spanyol.}}

{{legendlegend3|#0000ff|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi, tetapi dituturkan oleh lebih dari 25% penduduknya.}}

{{legendlegend3|#0080ff|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi tetapi dituturkan oleh 10-20% penduduknya.}}

{{legendlegend3|#78c0ff|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi tetapi dituturkan oleh 5-9.9% penduduknya.}}

| {{formatnum:115631930}} (92.7%)<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html | publisher = CIA | place = USA | title = The World Factbook | contribution = MX | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2018-01-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161335/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html | dead-url = yes }}: Spanish only 92.7%</ref>

| 58,008,778<ref name="InstitutoCervantes"/> <small>(40,5 juta sebagai penutur asli, 15 juta sebagai non-penutur asli,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/US/languages|title=United States|publisher=}}</ref> 7,8 juta pelajar<ref name=SpanishStudents /> dan berkisar 9 juta Hispanik yang tidak terdokumentasi, tidak terhitung/dihitung oleh Sensus<ref>There are 9 million illegal Hispanics in USA, some of them aren't in the census ({{Citation | url = http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html | publisher = Impre | format = editorial | date = 19 April 2009 | title = Pálidos de hambre | language = Spanish | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2012-01-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111083239/http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html | dead-url = yes }})</ref>)</small><ref>{{citation | title = Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española | url = http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 | publisher = El castellano | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2016-02-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203228/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = José Ma | last = Ansón | url = http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 | title = José Ma. Ansón: "Casi cincuenta millones" hablan español en EE. UU. | publisher = El Castellano | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2016-02-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203229/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 |title=La amenaza al idioma español – Voces de Univision |publisher=Univision.com |date= |accessdate=20 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011094833/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 |archivedate=11 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Elbio | last = Rodríguez Barilari | url = http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm | title = Congresos de la lengua | place = ES | language = Spanish | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2013-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130715164424/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html | language = Spanish | date = 29 March 2008 | publisher = ABC de Sevilla | place = ES | title = Más de 70 expertos participaran en la III Acta Internacional de la Lengua Española | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2012-05-26 | archive-url = https://archive.istoday/20120526195110/http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{citation | title = CNN en español restructures its programming | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/arts/television/cnn-en-espanol-restructures-its-programming.html | publisher = The New York Times | date = 13 March 2011}} (The United States is now the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with more Spanish speakers than Spain, and exceeded only by Mexico).</ref>

| 49,775,000<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/ |title= Reloj animado | location = CO | language = Spanish| |publisher= DANE | date= = |accessdate= 1 February 2017 |archive-date= 2016-10-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083854/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref>

| {{formatnum:10167000}} (60%)<ref>{{Citation | contribution = GT | quote = Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40% | title = The World factbook | contribution-url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html | publisher = CIA | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2015-10-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002082023/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>

| {{formatnum:6464547}} (58%)<ref>According to the 1992 Census, 58 per cent of the population speaks Spanish as its mother tongue. [http://www.unicef.org/bolivia/resources_2334.htm unicef.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119104453/http://www.unicef.org/bolivia/resources_2334.htm |date=2012-01-19 }}</ref>

| 81,292,400<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/SocietyState/Population/CurrentPopulation/Tables/Census_SexAndCitizenship.html | title = German census | date = 31 March 2015 | place = DE | publisher = Destatis | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2016-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160628112855/https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/SocietyState/Population/CurrentPopulation/Tables/Census_SexAndCitizenship.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>

| 143,400,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk04/8-0.htm |title=Демография |publisher=Gks.ru |date=27 December 2011 |accessdate=24 March 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326010717/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk04/8-0.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

| 73,722,988<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&ust_id=11 |title=::Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages:: |publisher=TurkStat |date= |accessdate=20 August 2012 |archive-date=2018-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001080405/http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&ust_id=11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Sebagian besar fitur tata bahasa dan tipologi bahasa Spanyol memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan bahasa-[[bahasa]] [[Roman]] lainnya. [[Bahasa Spanyol]] merupakan [[bahasa inflektif]]. Sistem [[nomina]] (kata benda) dan [[adjektiva]] (kata sifat) dalam bahasa Spanyol menunjukkan dua bentuk gender dan dua bentuk jumlah, di samping itu, beberapa artikel dan kata ganti ([[pronomina]]) juga memiliki bentuk [[gender]] netral dalam bentuk [[tunggal]]. Dalam [[bahasa Spanyol]], terdapat 55 bentuk konjugasi [[verba]] (kata kerja) dengan 3 bentuk [[kala (linguistik)]]: [[kala lampau|lampau]], [[kala kini|sekarang]], dan [[kala akan datang|yang akan datang]]; 2 bentuk [[aspek]] untuk kala lampau: [[perfektif]] dan imperfektif 4 bentuk [[modus]]: [[modus indikatif|indikatif]], [[modus subjungtif|subjungtif]], [[modus imperatif|imperatif]], bersyarat; 3 bentuk persona: pertama, kedua, dan ketiga; 3 bentuk verba: [[modus infinitif|infinitif]], ''gerund'', ''past participle''.

{{note|ch|1}} Dwihuruf {{angbr|ch}} melambangkan atau mewakili bunyi {{IPA|/tʃ/}} [[Bantuan:Pengucapan#Pascarongga-gigi|konsonan gesek pascarongga-gigi]] nirsuara (seperti "c" dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]], yaitu cecak, ciri, cepat). Dahulu, dwihuruf ini diperlakukan seperti sebuah huruf yang bernama ''che''.

{{note|d|3}} Huruf "[[d]]" memiliki dua pelafalan, yaitu {{IPA|/d/}} [[Konsonan letup rongga-gigi bersuara]] (seperti bunyi huruf "[[d]]" pada [[bahasa Indonesia]]) dan {{IPA|/ð/}} [[Konsonan desis gigi bersuara]]. Huruf "[[d]]" selalu dilafalkan {{IPA|/ð/}}, kecuali huruf "[[d]]" berada di awal kata, didahului oleh huruf berfonem [[sengau]] dan huruf berfonem [[:en:lateral consonants]].

[[Kategori:BahasaRumpun bahasa Roman]]