Bahasa Spanyol: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Revisi per 29 Maret 2022 20.10 sunting Amherst99 (bicara \| kontrib) Peninjau otomatis 516 suntingan kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: halaman dengan galat kutipan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 30 Oktober 2024 06.12 sunting balikkan Esther Rossini (bicara \| kontrib) 1.190 suntingan Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: halaman dengan galat kutipan VisualEditor
(21 revisi perantara oleh 14 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: {{Infobox Language \|name = Bahasa Spanyol \|nativename = {{lang\|es\|~~español~~Español}}<br />{{lang\|es\|~~castellano~~Castellano}} \|pronunciation =/espaˈɲol/, /kast̪eˈʎano/ \|familycolor = Indo-Eropa \|script = [[Alfabet Latin\|Latin]] ([[~~Alfabet~~Ejaan Bahasa Spanyol\|Alfabet bahasa Spanyol]])<br />[[Braille\|Braille bahasa Spanyol]] \|region = [[Spanyol]], [[Amerika Hispanik]], [[Guinea Khatulistiwa]] (lihat [[#Distribusi geografis\|di bawah]]) ~~\|region =* {{flag\|Argentina}}~~ * {{flag\|Bolivia}} * {{flag\|Chili}} * {{flag\|Kolombia}} * {{flag\|Kosta Rika}} * {{flag\|Kuba}} * {{flag\|Republik Dominika}} * {{flag\|Ekuador}} * {{flag\|El Salvador}} * {{flag\|Guinea Khatulistiwa}} * {{flag\|Guatemala}} * {{flag\|Honduras}} * {{flag\|Meksiko}} * {{flag\|Nikaragua}} * {{flag\|Panama}} * {{flag\|Paraguay}} * {{flag\|Peru}} * {{flag\|Spanyol}} * {{flag\|Uruguay}} * {{flag\|Venezuela}} * {{flag\|Puerto Riko}} * {{flag\|Indonesia}} * {{flag\|Sahara Barat}} * {{flag\|Andorra}} * {{flag\|Belize}} * {{flag\|Amerika Serikat}} ~~----~~ \|speakers = Bahasa pertama 329<ref name=Ethnologue1>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size Spanish language total]. Ethnologue. Retrieved 14 August 2009.</ref> hingga 500<ref>[http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf \|date=2010-09-23 }} (page 38), [http://www.elcastellano.org/23abr.html elcastellano.org]</ref> juta.<br /><small> Sebagai bahasa pertama atau kedua 450<ref>[http://www.actaslengua.org/acta_conclusiones_lengua_espanola.asp?id=1 actaslengua.org]</ref> hingga 600<ref>[http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html krysstal.com], 5th International Congress on Spanish Language ([http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/29012009_CongresoLengua.htm la-moncloa.es] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206100056/http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/29012009_CongresoLengua.htm \|date=2010-12-06 }}), [http://www.uis.edu/clas/Online/factsaboutspanish.html uis.edu], Antonio Molina, director of the Instituto Cervantes in 2006 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100305141543/http://terranoticias.terra.es/cultura/articulo/espanol_sera_segunda_lengua_comunicacion_848372.htm terranoticias.es], [http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2007/04/26/cultura/1177610767.html elmundo.es], [http://www.fundeu.es/Noticias.aspx?frmOpcion=NOTICIA&frmFontSize=2&frmIdNoticia=74 fundeu.es]), Luis María Anson of the Real Academia Española ([http://www.elcultural.es/version_papel/OPINION/24251/Estados_Unidos-_mas_hispanohablantes_que_en_Espana elcultural.es]), Mario Melgar of the México University ([http://www.lllf.uam.es/~fmarcos/coloquio/Ponencias/MMelgar.doc lllf.uam.es]), Feu Rosa - Spanish in Mercosur ([http://congresosdelalengua.es/valladolid/ponencias/unidad_diversidad_del_espanol/5_espanol_y_portugues/rosa_f.htm congresosdelalengua.es] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720135938/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valladolid/ponencias/unidad_diversidad_del_espanol/5_espanol_y_portugues/rosa_f.htm \|date=2011-07-20 }}), [http://www.eumed.net/rev/cccss/05/jrz.htm eumed.net], [http://www.babel-linguistics.com/idiomas.htm babel-linguistics.com] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310120932/http://www.babel-linguistics.com/idiomas.htm \|date=2009-03-10 }}.</ref><br /><small> juta{{Dubious\|date=February 2010}}. \|rank = 2 (penutur asli),<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size ethnologue.org], [https://web.archive.org/web/19990429232804/http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/top100.html sil.org], [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html cia.gov] ~~{{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307124031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html \|date=2014-03-07 }}~~ (see "World" file), [http://www.eldia.es/2009-11-02/cultura/3-espanol-esta-crisis-Instituto-Cervantes.htm eldia.es] (according to [[Ethnology (journal)]]), Encarta ([http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html Chinese 800 million] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065527/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html \|date=2011-06-04 }}, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html Spanish 500 million] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065305/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html \|date=2011-06-04 }}, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html English 500 million] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065334/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html \|date=2011-06-04 }}).</ref> 3 (total speakers)<ref>[http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html krysstal.com]/ Ethnologue ([http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cmn Mandarin Chinese]: 845 mill. + 145 mill. [[Second language\|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng English]: 500 mill. + 167 mill. [[Second language\|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=spa Spanish] 329 mill. + 60 mill. [[Second language\|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hin Hindi] 182 mill. + 120 mill. [[Second language\|L2]])/ [http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm George Weber] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312042140/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm \|date=2008-03-12 }} (Mandarin 1.12 billion, English 480 million, Spanish 500 million, Russian 285 million)/ [http://www.oei.es/marchesiiv.htm IV Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española] (Álvaro Marchesi Secretario General of the OEI)/ [http://www.cervantes.es/sobre_instituto_cervantes/prensa/2008/noticias/noticia_08-06-17.htm cervantes.es] (Carmen Caffarel president of Instituto Cervantes)/ [http://www.elcastellano.org/23abr.html elcastellano.org].</ref> \|fam2 = [[Bahasa Italik\|Italik]]\|fam3 = [[Bahasa Roman\|Roman]] Baris 41 ⟶ 15: \|agency = [[Association of Spanish Language Academies]] ({{lang\|es\|[[Real Academia Española]]}} serta 21 akademi nasional bahasa Spanyol lainnya) \|iso1 = es\|iso2 = spa\|iso3 = spa \|map = [[Berkas:Map-Hispanophone ~~global world map language~~World.~~svg~~png\|pus\|350px\|tepi]] \|mapcaption= {{~~legend~~legend3\|#000080\|Negara-negara dengan status resmi bahasa Spanyol.}} {{~~legend~~legend3\|#0000ff\|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi, tetapi dituturkan oleh lebih dari 25% penduduknya.}} {{~~legend~~legend3\|#0080ff\|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi tetapi dituturkan oleh 10-20% penduduknya.}} {{~~legend~~legend3\|#78c0ff\|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi tetapi dituturkan oleh 5-9.9% penduduknya.}} \|altname=Castilian\|ancestor=[[Bahasa Latin Kuno\|Latin Kuno]]\|ancestor2=[[Bahasa Latin Klasik\|Latin Klasik]]\|ancestor3=[[Bahasa Latin Umum\|Latin Umum (Vulgar)]]\|ancestor4=[[Bahasa Spanyol Kuno]]\|sign=[[Tanda Bahasa Spanyol]]<br />(Meksiko, Spanyol, dan mungkin di tempat lain)}} '''Bahasa Spanyol''' (''español'', ''idioma español'') atau '''Kastila''' (''castellano'') adalah suatu [[bahasa Iberia-Roman]] dari [[Spanyol]], dan bahasa ketiga yang paling banyak digunakan di [[dunia]]. Bahasa Spanyol merupakan bahasa pertama bagi sekitar 500 juta orang di dunia, atau bagi 600 juta orang jika termasuk bukan penutur asli (menurut perkiraan pada tahun [[1999]]). Mayoritas penutur bahasa [[Spanyol]] berada di [[Amerika Latin]]. Baris 74 ⟶ 48: \|40,489,813<ref>Spanish speakers older than 5 years old ({{Citation \| url = http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_C16001&prodType=table \| place = US \| publisher = Census Bureau \| year = 2016 \| title = Table \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2020-02-14 \| archive-url = https://archive.today/20200214060642/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_C16001&prodType=table \| dead-url = yes }})</ref> (13.3%)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_S1601&prodType=table\|title=American FactFinder – Results\|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)\|work=census.gov\|access-date=2018-07-10\|archive-date=2020-02-14\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214010822/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_S1601&prodType=table\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \| 42,926,496<ref name="InstitutoCervantes"/> <small>(82%<ref>{{cite web\|last=Taylor \|first=Paul \|url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/04/iv-language-use-among-latinos/ \|title=(2011) \|publisher=pewhispanic.org \|date= \|accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref> dari 57,4 juta Hispanik<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_B03003&prodType=table \|title=Census Bureau (01/July/2016) \|publisher=Census.gov \|date= \|accessdate=24 March 2014 \|archive-date=2020-02-14 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214061158/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_B03003&prodType=table \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> + 2,8 juta non-Hispanik<ref>{{cite web\|last=Gonzalez \|first=Ana \|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/08/13/spanish-is-the-most-spoken-non-english-language-in-u-s-homes-even-among-non-hispanics/ \|title=(2011) \|publisher=pewresearch.org \|date=13 August 2013 \|accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref>)</small> \| 58,008,778<ref name="InstitutoCervantes"/> <small>(40,5 juta sebagai penutur asli, 15 juta sebagai non-penutur asli,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/US/languages\|title=United States\|publisher=}}</ref> 7,8 juta pelajar<ref name=SpanishStudents /> dan berkisar 9 juta Hispanik yang tidak terdokumentasi, tidak terhitung/dihitung oleh Sensus<ref>There are 9 million illegal Hispanics in USA, some of them aren't in the census ({{Citation \| url = http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html \| publisher = Impre \| format = editorial \| date = 19 April 2009 \| title = Pálidos de hambre \| language = Spanish \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2012-01-11 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111083239/http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html \| dead-url = yes }})</ref>)</small><ref>{{citation \| title = Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española \| url = http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 \| publisher = El castellano \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2016-02-24 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203228/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 \| dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| first = José Ma \| last = Ansón \| url = http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 \| title = José Ma. Ansón: "Casi cincuenta millones" hablan español en EE. UU. \| publisher = El Castellano \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2016-02-24 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203229/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 \| dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 \|title=La amenaza al idioma español – Voces de Univision \|publisher=Univision.com \|date= \|accessdate=20 August 2012 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011094833/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 \|archivedate=11 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| first = Elbio \| last = Rodríguez Barilari \| url = http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm \| title = Congresos de la lengua \| place = ES \| language = Spanish \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2013-07-15 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130715164424/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm \| dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| url = http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html \| language = Spanish \| date = 29 March 2008 \| publisher = ABC de Sevilla \| place = ES \| title = Más de 70 expertos participaran en la III Acta Internacional de la Lengua Española \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2012-05-26 \| archive-url = https://archive.istoday/20120526195110/http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html \| dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{citation \| title = CNN en español restructures its programming \| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/arts/television/cnn-en-espanol-restructures-its-programming.html \| publisher = The New York Times \| date = 13 March 2011}} (The United States is now the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with more Spanish speakers than Spain, and exceeded only by Mexico).</ref> \|- style="background:#efefef;" Baris 103 ⟶ 77: \| {{flag\|Peru}} \| 32,162,184<ref>{{cite web\| first =Ezio \| last = Quispe Fernández \|url= http://www.inei.gob.pe/media/principales_indicadores/libro.pdf \| language = Spanish\| title= Cifras \|trans-title=Numbers \| year = 2017 \|publisher=INEI \| place = [[Peru\|PE]] \| accessdate = }}</ref> \| {{formatnum:27048397}} (84.1%)<ref>{{Citation \| quote = Spanish (official) 84.1%, Quechua (official) 13%, Aymara 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7%, other 0.2% \| year = 2007 \| title = The World factbook \| contribution = Census \| url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html \| publisher = CIA \| place = [[United States\|US]] \| accessdate = 2018-07-10 \| archive-date = 2016-11-05 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161105025708/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html \| dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| quote = There are 5,782,260 people who speak other language as mother tongue (main languages: Quechua (among 32 Quechua's varieties) 4,773,900, Aymara (2 varieties) 661 000, Chinese 100,000). \| contribution-url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=pe \| title = Country \| contribution = PE \| publisher = Ethnologue}}</ref> \| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|{{formatnum:28945966}} (86.6%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp" /> Baris 226 ⟶ 200: \| 6,586<ref name="eldiae6">{{Citation \| title = El español en el mundo \| url = http://eldiae.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/2012_el_espanol_en_el_mundo.pdf \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121017230300/http://eldiae.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/2012_el_espanol_en_el_mundo.pdf \| dead-url = yes \| archive-date = 2012-10-17 \| year = 2012 \| trans-title = Spanish in the world \| publisher = Instituto Cervantes \| format = PDF \| place = [[Spain\|ES]] \| page = 6 }}</ref> \| 6,586 \| 3,415,000<ref name="eldiae6"/><ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/magdarol/el-espaol-en-el-contexto-sociolingstico-marroqui-evolucin-y-perspectivas-i El español en el contexto Sociolingüístico marroquí: Evolución y perspectivas (page 39)]: Between 4 and 7 million people have Spanish knowledge (M. Ammadi, 2002) {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106191132/http://www.slideshare.net/magdarol/el-espaol-en-el-contexto-sociolingstico-marroqui-evolucin-y-perspectivas-i \|date=6 November 2013 }}</ref> (10%)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/RABAT/es/Noticias/Documents/LENGESPMARR.pdf\|format=PDF\|title=Euromonitor, 2012\|page=32\|work=exteriores.gob.es~~\|access-date=2018-07-10\|archive-date=2015-04-25\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425134251/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/RABAT/es/Noticias/Documents/LENGESPMARR.pdf\|dead-url=yes~~}}</ref> \|- style="background:#fff;" Baris 252 ⟶ 226: \|- style="background:#efefef;" \| {{flag\|Guinea Khatulistiwa}} \| 1,622,000<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/estadistica.php \|title=Equatorial Guinea census \|year=2010 \|publisher=Population statistics \|accessdate=21 April 2010 \|archive-date=2019-01-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107063158/https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/404.shtml \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> \|title=Equatorial Guinea census \| year = 2010 \|publisher=Population statistics \|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> \| 1,683<ref>Spanish according to INE 2011</ref> \| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| 918,000<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> (90.5%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/><ref>14% of the population speaks Spanish natively and other 74% as a second language: {{Citation \| url = http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/paises_08.pdf \| title = CVC \| publisher = Cervantes \| place = ES \| contribution = Anuario \| format = PDF \| language = Spanish\| year = 2007}}</ref> Baris 622 ⟶ 597: == Tata bahasa == {{Main\|Tata bahasa (Bahasa Spanyol)}} Sebagian besar fitur tata bahasa dan tipologi bahasa Spanyol memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan bahasa-[[bahasa]] [[Roman]] lainnya. [[Bahasa Spanyol]] merupakan [[bahasa inflektif]]. Sistem [[nomina]] (kata benda) dan [[adjektiva]] (kata sifat) dalam bahasa Spanyol menunjukkan dua bentuk gender dan dua bentuk jumlah, di samping itu, beberapa artikel dan kata ganti ([[pronomina]]) juga memiliki bentuk [[gender]] netral dalam bentuk [[tunggal]]. Dalam [[bahasa Spanyol]], terdapat 55 bentuk konjugasi [[verba]] (kata kerja) dengan 3 bentuk [[kala (linguistik)]]: [[kala lampau\|lampau]], [[kala kini\|sekarang]], dan [[kala akan datang\|yang akan datang]]; 2 bentuk [[aspek]] untuk kala lampau: [[perfektif]] dan imperfektif 4 bentuk [[modus]]: [[modus indikatif\|indikatif]], [[modus subjungtif\|subjungtif]], [[modus imperatif\|imperatif]], bersyarat; 3 bentuk persona: pertama, kedua, dan ketiga; 3 bentuk verba: [[modus infinitif\|infinitif]], ''gerund'', ''past participle''. Sintaksis [[bahasa Spanyol]] dianggap ''[[:en:branching (linguistics)\|right-branching phrases]]'' ([[Hukum D-M]]), yang berarti bahwa sesuatu yang menjelaskan mengikuti hal yang dijelaskan. [[Bahasa Spanyol]] menggunakan [[preposisi]] (daripada posposisi atau infleksi kata benda dengan [[kasus (tata bahasa)]]), dan biasanya — meskipun tidak selalu — menempatkan kata sifat setelah kata benda, seperti sebagian besar [[bahasa Roman]] lainnya, dan bahkan [[bahasa Indonesia]]. Baris 1.030 ⟶ 1.005: == Sistem penulisan == {{utama\|Ejaan Bahasa Spanyol}} === Huruf dan Pelafalan === {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; min-width:60%; margin-left:5px" Baris 1.045 ⟶ 1.020: \| {{IPA\|/a/}}\|\|{{IPA\|/b/}}\|\|{{IPA\|/k/}}, {{IPA\|/θ/}}{{ref\|θ\|2}}\|\|{{IPA\|/d/}}, {{IPA\|/ð/}}{{ref\|d\|3}}\|\|{{IPA\|/e/}}{{ref\|e\|4}}\|\|{{IPA\|/f/}}\|\|{{IPA\|/ɡ/}} {{IPA\|/x/}}{{ref\|g\|5}}\|\|<small>diam atau tak dilafalkan</small>{{ref\|h\|6}}\|\|{{IPA\|/i/}} \|} {{note\|ch\|1}} Dwihuruf {{angbr\|ch}} melambangkan atau mewakili bunyi {{IPA\|/tʃ/}} [[Bantuan:Pengucapan#Pascarongga-gigi\|konsonan gesek pascarongga-gigi]] nirsuara (seperti "c" dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]], yaitu cecak, ciri, cepat). Dahulu, dwihuruf ini diperlakukan seperti sebuah huruf yang bernama ''che''. {{note\|θ\|2}} Huruf "[[c]]" dilafalkan seperti {{IPA\|/θ/}} [[Konsonan desis gigi nirsuara]] ketika diikuti oleh [[huruf]] [[vokal]] "[[i]]" dan "[[e]]" dan dilafalkan seperti {{IPA\|/k/}} ketika diikuti oleh [[huruf]] [[vokal]] "[[a]]", "[[o]]", "[[u]]", dan [[konsonan]] lainnya. {{note\|d\|3}} Huruf "[[d]]" memiliki dua pelafalan, yaitu {{IPA\|/d/}} [[Konsonan letup rongga-gigi bersuara]] (seperti bunyi huruf "[[d]]" pada [[bahasa Indonesia]]) dan {{IPA\|/ð/}} [[Konsonan desis gigi bersuara]]. Huruf "[[d]]" selalu dilafalkan {{IPA\|/ð/}}, kecuali huruf "[[d]]" berada di awal kata, didahului oleh huruf berfonem [[sengau]] dan huruf berfonem [[:en:lateral consonants]]. {{note\|e\|4}} Huruf "[[e]]" selalu dilafalkan seperti huruf "[[e]]" pada kata "[[ember]]", "[[ekor]]", "[[bebek]]" Baris 1.116 ⟶ 1.091: == Lihat pula == * [[Tata bahasa Spanyol]] * [[Voseo]] Baris 1.125 ⟶ 1.101: {{bahasa-stub}} [[Kategori:Bahasa Spanyol\| ]] [[Kategori:~~Bahasa~~Rumpun bahasa Roman]] [[Kategori:Spanyol]]