Qaramitah: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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Baris 71:
| title_leader = Penguasa
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{{Infobox war faction
| name = Qaramitah
| native_name = قرامطة
| native_name_lang = ar
| founder = [[Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi]]
| dates = 899–1077
| area = [[Arabia Timur|Bahrayn]], [[Mesopotamia]], [[Najd]], [[Hejaz]], [[Levant]], [[Mesir]]
| ideology = [[Ismailiyah|Isma'ilisme]]<br>[[Ekstremisme]]<br>[[Sosialisme]]<ref name="Fahes 2018 68">{{Cite book |last=Fahes |first=Fadi |url=https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/np193990x |title=ASocial utopia in tenth century Islam the Qarmatian experiment |date=2018 |publisher=California State University, Dominguez Hills |pages=68 |language=en}}</ref><br>[[Sosialisme Islam]]<ref name="Fahes 2018 68"/><br>[[Sosialisme Utopia]]<ref name="Fahes 2018 68"/><br>[[Terorisme]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goitein |first=S. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGl3G9NmBNgC&pg=PA403 |title=A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Vol. V: The Individual |date=1967 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22162-8 |pages=403 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadvi |first=Syed Habibul Haq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEMwAAAAYAAJ |title=The Dynamics of Islam: An Analysis of Islamic Dynamism which Has Been Operating in the Structure of Islamic Belief, Its Religio-political, Socio-economic Framework and Cultural Legacies |date=1982 |publisher=Acad.: The Centre for Islamic, Near and Middle Eastern Studies, Planning and Publ. |isbn=978-0-620-05712-7 |pages=2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahman |first=Fazlur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bjfnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA176 |title=Islam |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2020 |isbn=9780226773377 |pages=176}}</ref>
| opponents = [[Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]]<br>[[Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah]]<br>[[Dinasti Uyuni]]<br>[[Kekaisaran Seljuk]]
| battles = [[Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi#Penaklukan Bahrayn|Penaklukan Bahrayn]] (899)<br>[[Pertempuran Hama]] (903)<br>[[Penjarahan Basra (923)|Penjarahan Basra]] (923)<br>[[Penyerbuan rombongan Haji 924|Penyerbuan kafilah haji]] (924)<br>[[Invasi Qaramitah ke Irak|Invasi ke Irak]] (928)<br>[[Abu Tahir al-Jannabi#Penaklukan Makkah|Penjarahan Makkah]] (930)<br>[[Al-Hasan al-A'sam#Kampanye melawan Fatimiyah|Invasi Mesir]] (971)<br>[[Penggulingan kaum Qaramitah]] (1058–1077)
}}
{{Ismailiyah|Ismaili History}}
'''Qaramitah''' ({{lang-ar|قرامطة|Qarāmiṭa}}; {{Lang-fa|قرمطیان|translit=Qarmatiyān}}){{Efn|Juga ditransliterasikan sebagai Carmathians, Qarmathians, Karmathians, Karmatian, atau Kalmati, Karmathian, Qarmatī, Qarāmiṭah<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web|title=Qarmatian {{!}} Meaning, Attack, Beliefs, & History|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Qarmatians|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>}} adalah sebuah gerakan [[militan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mumayiz |first=Ibrahim A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mUBjAAAAMAAJ |title=Arabesques: Selections of Biography and Poetry from Classical Arabic Literature |date=2006 |publisher=Coronet Books Incorporated |isbn=978-90-441-1888-9 |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jr |first=Everett Jenkins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giEkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas |date=2010-11-11 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-4713-8 |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> [[Syiah]] [[Ismailiyah|Isma'iliyah]] yang berpusat di [[al-Hasa|Al-Ahsa]] di [[Arabia Timur]], tempat mereka mendirikan sebuah [[agama]]—dan, seperti yang diklaim beberapa pakar, proto-sosialis atau [[Sosialisme Utopis|sosialis utopis]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Malcolm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3uoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT287 |title=Islam For Dummies |date=2019-08-09 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-64304-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Andrew David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jie7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 |title=Christianity in Oman: Ibadism, Religious Freedom, and the Church |date=2019-10-31 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-30398-3 |pages=47 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Corm |first=Georges |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5jFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA96 |title=Arab Political Thought: Past and Present |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-84904-816-3 |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref>—dinyatakan pada tahun 899 M. Anggotanya adalah bagian dari gerakan yang menganut cabang [[sinkretisme|sinkretis]] Islam [[Ismailiyah|Syiah Tujuh Imam Ismaili]],<ref name="britannica.com"/> dan diperintah oleh dinasti yang didirikan oleh [[Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi]], seorang [[Persia]] dari [[Bandar Ganaveh|Jannaba]] di pesisir [[Provinsi Fars|Fars]].{{sfn|Carra de Vaux|Hodgson|1965|p=452}}{{sfn|Madelung|1983}} Mereka menolak klaim Khalifah [[Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah|Fathimiyah]] [[Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah]] sebagai [[imamah]] dan tetap pada keyakinan mereka terhadap kedatangan [[imam Mahdi|''Mahdi'']], dan mereka memberontak terhadap Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah dan [[Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah|Abbasiyah]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=de Blois|first=François|date=1986|title=THE 'ABU SAʿIDIS OR SO-CALLED "QARMATIANS" OF BAHRAYN |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41223231|journal=Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies|volume=16|pages=13–21|jstor=41223231|issn=0308-8421}}</ref><ref name="britannica.com" />
Baris 143 ⟶ 154:
* [http://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history04/history406.html Maymūn’āl-Qaddāh]
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abdallah-b-maymun-al-qaddah-legendary-founder-of-the-qarmatian-ismaili-doctrine Encyclopaedia Iranica, "ʿAbdallāh B. Maymūn Al-Qaddāḥ"]
{{Qaramitah}}
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[[Kategori:Sejarah Arab Saudi]]
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