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[[Berkas:Koppen_World_Map_AmKoppen-Geiger Map Am present.pngsvg|ka|jmpl|400x400px|Zona iklim muson tropis (''Am'') di seluruh dunia.]]
'''Iklim muson tropis''' ({{lang-en|tropical monsoon climate}}; kadang-kadang dikenal sebagai '''iklim tropis basah''' atau '''iklim muson tropis dan pertukaran angin littoral''') adalah jenis [[iklim]] yang sesuai dengan [[klasifikasi iklim Köppen]] kategori "Am". Iklim muson tropis memiliki rata-rata bulanan suhu di atas 18 °C (64.4 °F) setiap bulan sepanjang tahun. Iklim muson tropis merupakan iklim di antara iklim basah ''Af'' (atau [[iklim hutan hujan tropis]]) dan ''Aw'' (atau [[iklim sabana tropis]]).
 
Namun, iklim muson tropis memiliki bulan terkering dengan rata-rata curah hujan kurang dari 60&nbsp;mm, tapi lebih dari <math display="inline">100-\left –(\frac{Total\ [totalCurah\ curahHujan\ hujanTahunan\ tahunan {(mm)}/{25]} \right)</math>.<ref name="McKnight">{{Cite book|title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn|last=McKnight|first=Tom L|last2=Hess|first2=Darrel|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2000|isbn=0-13-020263-0|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|chapter=Climate Zones and Types}}</ref> Fakta yang terakhir ini adalah kontras langsung dengan iklim sabana tropis, di mana bulan terkering mendapat curah hujan kurang dari 60&nbsp;mm dan juga ''kurang'' dari <math display="inline">100-\left –(\frac{Total\ [totalCurah\ curahHujan\ hujanTahunan\ tahunan {(mm)}/{25]} \right)</math>. Pada dasarnya, iklim muson tropis cenderung mendapat curah hujan lebih dari iklim sabana tropis atau musim kemarau yang kurang jelas. Selain itu, iklim muson tropis cenderung mempunyai lebih sedikit variasi suhu sepanjang tahun dibandingkan iklim sabana tropis. Iklim ini memiliki bulan terkering yang hampir selalu terjadi pada atau segera setelah solstice "musim dingin" pada sisi khatulistiwanya.<ref>McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types: The Köppen System". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. There are also 3 types of tropical places: tropical wet, tropical wet/dry and tropical monsoon which this article is all about. pg. 208.</ref>
 
== Versi ==
Baris 12:
== Distribusi ==
Iklim muson tropis paling sering ditemukan di [[Amerika Selatan]] dan [[Amerika Tengah]]. Namun, ada bagian [[Asia Selatan]], [[Asia Tenggara]], [[Afrika]] (terutama [[Afrika Barat]] dan Afrika Tengah), [[Kepulauan Karibia|Karibia,]] dan [[Amerika Utara]] yang juga memiliki iklim ini.
 
Sementara itu, persebaran iklim muson tropis di wilayah [[Indonesia]] meliputi beberapa daerah, yaitu wilayah pesisir utara [[Provinsi Banten|Banten]], [[DKI Jakarta]], seluruh wilayah tengah, timur, dan pesisir utara provinsi [[Jawa Barat]], hampir seluruh wilayah [[Jawa Tengah]], sebagian besar wilayah barat dan utara [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]], sebagian wilayah barat daya, selatan, dan tenggara [[Jawa Timur]], sebagian besar wilayah [[Bali]], sebagian kecil wilayah barat laut [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]], sebagian besar wilayah barat, selatan, dan tenggara [[Sulawesi Selatan]], wilayah selatan dan tenggara [[Sulawesi Tenggara]], wilayah selatan Kepulauan [[Provinsi Maluku|Maluku]], dan wilayah selatan [[Provinsi Papua Selatan|Papua Selatan]].
 
== Faktor-faktor ==
Baris 23 ⟶ 25:
* [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]
* [[:en:Taitung|Taitung]], [[Republik Tiongkok|Taiwan]]
* [[ManausMacapá]], [[Amazonas, Brasil|AmazonasAmapá]], [[Brasil]]
* [[Miami]], [[Florida]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Port Harcourt]], [[Nigeria]]
* [[San Juan, Puerto Riko]]
* [[Santo Domingo]], [[Republik Dominika]]
Baris 30 ⟶ 33:
* [[Malé]], [[Maladewa]]
* [[Conakry]], [[Guinea]]
* [[Kota Vigan|ViganDagupan]], [[Filipina]]
* [[Kota Malang|Malang]], [[Indonesia]]
* [[Makassar]], [[Indonesia]]
* [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
* [[Semarang]], [[Indonesia]]
 
== Grafik kota-kota pilihan ==
=== Mancanegara ===
{{climate chart
|[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|1314.0|26.0|57.3
|1516.3|28.3|2825.0
|20.5|30.8|55.5
|19|31|64
|23.6|3231.09|150136.4
|24.9|32.04|264314.0
|25.4|31.7|533591.3
|25.02|3031.0|597735.6
|25.3|31.4|513.9
|24|30|518
|2425.2|31.8|320239.3
|2324.1|31.7|180197.8
|20.3|30.0|59.5
|18|29|56
|15.8|27.2|14.1
|14|26|15
|source=Badan Meteorologi Bangladesh<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/21827.pdf | title=Climate of Bangladesh | publisher=Departemen Meteorologi Bangladesh | accessdate=25 Juni 2018 | page=17-22 | archive-date=2018-12-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171550/http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/21827.pdf | dead-url=unfit }}</ref>
|source=BBC<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002030 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060311002800/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002030 | archivedate=11 March 2006 | title=Average Conditions - Chittagong, Bangladesh | publisher=BBC Weather | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
Baris 54 ⟶ 61:
 
{{climate chart
| [[Conakry]], [[Guinea]]
|19.0 |32.2 |1
|20.2 |33.1 |1
|21.2 |33.4 |3
|22.0 |33.6 |22
|20.7 |33.2 |137
|20.2 |31.8 |396
Baris 65 ⟶ 72:
|20.7 |30.6 |617
|20.4 |30.9 |295
|21.0 |32.0 |70
|20.1 |32.2 |8
|maxprecip=12001130
|float =left
|clear =none
|source =HK<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/w_afr/conakry_e.htm |title=Climatological Normals of Conakry |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |accessdate=2014-02-12 |archive-date=2017-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225080252/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/w_afr/conakry_e.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Dagupan]], [[Filipina]]
| 20.5 | 30.8 | 6.7
| 21.4 | 31.8 | 10.7
| 22.6 | 33.2 | 22.2
| 24.4 | 34.7 | 60.4
| 24.8 | 34.1 | 209.8
| 24.7 | 33.1 | 337.9
| 24.4 | 32.0 | 499.6
| 24.3 | 31.3 | 581.3
| 24.2 | 31.6 | 368.4
| 24.0 | 31.9 | 215.9
| 23.0 | 31.8 | 53.9
| 21.4 | 30.9 | 14.1
|source= PAGASA<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://data.gov.ph/?q=dataset/climatological-normal-values/resource/8afe8540-3b45-417f-89ed-3f2b7dd10605
| title = Dagupan, Pangasinan, Filipina
| publisher = PAGASA
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
|source =HK<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/w_afr/conakry_e.htm |title=Climatological Normals of Conakry |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |accessdate=2014-02-12 }}</ref>
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Hat Yai]], [[Thailand]]
|[[Manaus]]
|23 22.10 |30 31.50 |260 53.18
|23 22.1 |30 32.47 |288 24.34
|23 22.29 |30 34.62 |313 75.51
| 23.37 |30 34.76 |300 118.16
|23 24.30 |30 33.68 |256 147.37
| 23.8 |31 33.5 |113 119.63
|22 23.75 |31 33.32 |87 104.5
| 23.5 |32 33.61 |57 113.90
| 23.54 | 32.95 |83 157.3
| 23.73 |32 31.8 |125 227.78
| 23.72 |32 30.14 |183 317.1
|23 22.56 |31 29.37 |216 267.97
|source= Thai Meteorological Department<ref name=TMD1>{{cite web
|source=WMO<ref>{{cite web | url=https://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01073.htm | title=Weather Information for Manaus | publisher=World Meteorological Organization | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref> HK<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/manaus_e.htm | title=Climatological Information for Manaus, Brazil | publisher=Hong Kong Observatory | date=20 December 2012 | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref>
| url = http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75
| title = Data Klimatologis periode 1981–2010
| publisher = Badan Meteorologi Thailand
| page = 25}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
Baris 93 ⟶ 128:
 
{{climate chart
|[[MiamiMacapá]], [[Brazil]]
| 1523.1 4| 2430.0 2| 51294.17
| 1523.8 4| 2429.7 9| 52343.83
| 1723.9 6| 2630.2 0| 60394.72
| 1923.9 | 2830.0 4| 72384.41
| 2224.3 0| 2930.6 8| 157319.75
| 23.9 7| 3031.9 3| 237244.07
| 2423.6 5| 31.7 6| 144190.8
| 24.8 0| 3132.7 4| 19292.54
| 24.4 0| 3133.0 1| 193.828
| 2224.3 0| 2933.2 3| 14334.38
| 1924.3 1| 2633.9 0| 6769.68
| 1623.4 9| 2431.8 9| 46153.5
|source=WMO Badan Meteorologi Nasional Brazil<ref name=INMET>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldweatherinmet.orggov.br/093portal/c00267index.htm#climatephp?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas | title=WeatherNormais InformationClimatológicas forDo Miami,Brasil Florida1981–2010 | publisher=WorldInstituto MeteorologicalNacional Organizationde Meteorologia |language=Portuguese |accessdate=25November June15, 2018 }}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Miami]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
| 15.5 | 24.7 | 41.2
| 16.8 | 25.6 | 57.2
| 18.3 | 26.8 | 76.2
| 20.2 | 28.4 | 79.7
| 22.7 | 30.6 | 135.6
| 24.4 | 31.9 | 245.6
| 25.2 | 32.7 | 165.1
| 25.2 | 32.8 | 225.5
| 24.7 | 31.8 | 250.4
| 23.1 | 30.1 | 160.7
| 20.1 | 27.6 | 83.1
| 17.2 | 25.5 | 51.8
|source=NOAA<ref>{{cite web | url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mfl | title=Monthly Climates Normal (1981-2010) – Miami Area, FL | publisher=NOAA | accessdate=25 Juni 2018 }}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{clear}}
=== Indonesia ===
{{climate chart
|[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| 24.3 | 30.5 | 339
| 24.2 | 30.6 | 372
| 24.7 | 31.8 | 207
| 25.0 | 32.4 | 173
| 25.1 | 32.7 | 119
| 24.8 | 32.5 | 86
| 24.4 | 32.4 | 73
| 24.5 | 32.5 | 50
| 24.7 | 32.8 | 61
| 24.9 | 32.8 | 114
| 24.8 | 32.3 | 154
| 24.6 | 31.4 | 196
|source= BMKG<ref>{{citeweb
| url = https://www.staklimtangsel.id/images/rataunsurcuaca/rataunsurcuaca10.jpg
| title = Rata Unsur Cuaca Stasiun Meteorologi Kemayoran Periode Tahun 1981-2010
| publisher = Stasiun Klimatologi Pondok Betung – Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika
| accessdate = 19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 73
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Makassar]], [[Indonesia]]
| 23.2 | 30.7 | 694
| 22.7 | 31.0 | 554
| 23.7 | 31.3 | 370
| 23.6 | 32.0 | 213
| 23.4 | 32.1 | 86
| 22.9 | 32.5 | 60
| 21.7 | 33.4 | 35
| 20.1 | 34.3 | 10
| 21.2 | 34.8 | 24
| 21.7 | 34.6 | 73
| 22.7 | 33.5 | 226
| 23.0 | 31.3 | 649
|source= BMKG<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 79
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=592527&units=
| title = Makassar, Indonesia
| publisher = Weatherbase
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Malang]], [[Indonesia]]
| 19.6 | 28.6 | 349
| 19.7 | 28.4 | 343
| 19.5 | 28.5 | 328
| 19.3 | 28.7 | 237
| 18.9 | 28.0 | 109
| 17.7 | 27.6 | 60
| 16.5 | 27.4 | 23
| 17.1 | 27.5 | 19
| 17.5 | 28.6 | 29
| 18.5 | 30.2 | 88
| 19.2 | 29.5 | 278
| 19.1 | 28.5 | 349
|source= BMKG<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 77
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Kabupaten Merauke|Merauke]], [[Indonesia]]
| 23.1 | 31.3 | 291
| 23.3 | 30.5 | 272
| 23.2 | 30.6 | 271
| 23.9 | 31.5 | 214
| 22.4 | 30.7 | 138
| 21.1 | 29.5 | 88
| 20.2 | 28.9 | 70
| 20.5 | 29.8 | 55
| 21.5 | 30.5 | 56
| 22.8 | 31.3 | 84
| 22.4 | 31.8 | 152
| 23.1 | 31.6 | 207
|source= <ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_979800_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Merauke, Indonesien
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/Buku_ZOM9120_versi_cetak.pdf
| title = Kabupaten Merauke - Zona Musim 699
| publisher = BMKG
| page = 118
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar|Saumlaki]], [[Indonesia]]
| 24.9 | 32.0 | 295
| 24.9 | 32.0 | 238
| 24.8 | 32.0 | 221
| 24.7 | 31.5 | 210
| 24.8 | 30.6 | 186
| 24.2 | 29.4 | 145
| 23.8 | 29.0 | 95
| 23.6 | 29.2 | 51
| 23.9 | 30.1 | 54
| 24.6 | 31.5 | 86
| 25.0 | 33.0 | 149
| 25.1 | 32.9 | 279
|source=<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2001&LMM=12&LYY=2020&WMO=97900&CONT=asie&REGION=0027&LAND=ID&ART=PRE&R=0&NOREGION=1&LEVEL=162&LANG=en&MOD=tab
| title = Saumlaki, Maluku, Indonesia
| publisher = Weatheronline.com
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/Buku_ZOM9120_versi_cetak.pdf
| title = Saumlaki, Kepulauan Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Daya - Zona Musim 633
| publisher = BMKG
| page = 117
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Semarang]], [[Indonesia]]
| 24.4 | 31.6 | 401
| 23.8 | 30.6 | 362
| 24.4 | 31.1 | 281
| 24.4 | 32.2 | 232
| 23.0 | 32.2 | 141
| 22.8 | 32.7 | 93
| 22.4 | 32.2 | 44
| 22.3 | 32.8 | 34
| 22.8 | 33.8 | 75
| 23.3 | 33.9 | 154
| 23.8 | 32.8 | 258
| 23.9 | 31.1 | 315
|source= SCBM<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-achma.htm
| title = Indonesia - Achmad Yani ( 3m. - 06°58'S - 110°22'E )
| publisher = Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial
}}</ref> & BMKG<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 75
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{clear}}
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
<!--{{Koppen}}
{{Seasons}}-->
{{Koppen}}
 
[[Kategori:Iklim]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Iklim_muson_tropis"